Zainab Sajid Mohammed Saeed Hameedi

Background: Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways that is prevalent mostly in children, and its early diagnosis is not easy because of the similarity of the disease to other respiratory diseases. Objective: This paper examines the interaction between the ABO blood groups and the early diagnostic biomarkers- FeNO, serum IgE, periostin, TSLP, and T2 cytokines in asthma in children. Methods: A total of 50 children with established asthma were recruited as well as 30 children with intermittent asthma-like symptoms recruited in Najaf teaching hospitals. Results: Asthmatic children, compared to the intermittent group, had significant increases in FeNO, IgE, periostin, TSLP, and T2 cytokines. There was a greater prevalence of blood group A in asthmatic children. The findings point to the possibility of using blood group distribution in conjunction with T2-inflammation biomarkers to improve the ability to detect asthma early and phenotype it in children. Conclusions : High levels of FeNO, IgE, periostin, TSLP, and T2 cytokines have a strong association with pediatric asthma. A- Splenic blood group A seems to be more prevalent in asthmatic children. The incorporation of the biomarkers with the ABO phenotyping can help to enhance early diagnosis of asthma. Keywords: ABO Blood Groups, Inflammatory Biomarkers, Pediatric Asthma.

Background: Since December 2019, a new human coronavirus outbreak has spread across various nations, causing numerous cases, and deaths. COVID-19 is a disease caused via the brand-new “SARS-CoV-2” virus (a brand-new stress of coronavirus). Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China, is a ten-million-person metropolis. The initial and most significant approach to clinical management of COVID-19 is early adjunctive intervention and surveillance, including oxygen supply, organ support, and prevention of complications, and in particular, acute respiratory distress syndrome, organ failure, and secondary health-facility infections. Conclusion: COVID-19 is a pandemic that is causing an increase in the number of infections and deaths. In response to the epidemic, many pharmacologic medicines are being utilized off-label or evaluated for therapy around the world. The four major pharmacologic categories that are supported by international treatment guidelines globally consist of antiviral medications (eight compounds), antimalarial agents (two compounds), systemic corticosteroids (five compounds) and immune-based therapies (seven drugs). There is a lot of difference between these rules in general. These mostly dealt with drug indications, types of pharmaceuticals, dose regimens, treatment periods, and drug safety in various patient groups. Key words: COVID-19, Systemic Corticosteroids Drug , Antiviral Medications.

ABSTRACT The anatomical consequences revealed that the bulbourethral glands in Syrian hamsters are in the form of a pair of small, oval-shaped glands and have a white color, similar to the fruit of a pea, each gland has a single duct that flows into the urethra, and these glands are buried under the cavernous bulbar muscle on both sides of the urethra. The length, width, and weight were about 0.7 cm, 0.4 cm, and 1-g. Histopathological outcomes presented that the bulbourethral glands are a complex tubular-alveolar gland, lined with simple columnar epithelium. These glands are multi-lobed, each lobe consists of small simple alveoli that are connected directly or through a narrow and short tube. The goal of this study to know more anatomical and histological information for this gland for its significant and key role in the sexual reproduction. Keywords: Bulbourethral

CT Article History: Received 10 March 2022 Accepted 13 June 2022 Published 01 July 2022 Keywords: Cytotoxicity Histopatholgical abnormalities Nanosilver Nanotechnology Due of its potent antibacterial effect, nanosilver is among the most commonly used nanomaterials. As a result of this, there is a growing concern regarding the potential adverse effects of these nanoparticles due to the rising likelihood that humans may be exposed to nanosilver. In this research, we studied the possible cutaneous toxicity of silver nanoparticles in rats. The statistical population of this study consisted of 30 adult male Swiss albino rats (100-150g). They were acquired from animal farm of the Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA Holding Company), Cairo, Egypt. For this experiment, they were split into the treatment and control groups (n = 15) at random. Anesthetics were administered to all animals, and the backs were shaved around the spinal column in the nanosilver group and the control group, respectively. The sterile bandages of rats were then moistened with distilled water (in control) or a volume of 55µl of 15µg/ml of nanosilver solution (in treatment) before being adhered to the skin with cloth glue. The bandages were removed after 4 and 8 days, and standard kits were used to determine the serum levels of two groups of rats’ aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (Cr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). BUN, AST, and ALT levels in the treatment group over the experiment periods were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). According to the results of this study, 15µg/ml nanosilver (45nm) absorbed through the skin can cause renal toxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats.

Abstract Thirty two isolates of candida albican were sequestered from female patients with vaginal ulcer ( lying in marjan hospital hillia city) .The vaginal swap were cultured on sabouraud dextrose broth and agar plate espectively . for differential identification of C.albican ,Hi chrome candida agar was used . Gram staining used to smear of vaginal scrapings . suspected isolates of C.albican then immunized on corn meal agar mediocre for chlamydospore, formation , for germ tube formation the isolates of rmentation was cultured in human serum .Carbohydrate assimilation and fe C.albicantests also used for further identification . four identification s trains of C.albican namely ( CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4) were selected according to their antagonistic activity against standard strain of bacteria E.coli NCTC5933 and staphylococcus aureus NCTC6571 ; To produced extracellular toxin of glycoprotein nature in solid media and fermentation liquid media . The toxin which produced (secondary metabolites) don’t effecting the producers strains of C.albican (CA1,CA2,CA3,CA4) ,but the produced toxin was inhibited the growth of standard strain of candida albicans ATcc8201( sensitive ). Simple method used for toxin extraction by using ethanol 90%.And the extracted toxin from free cells supernatant . cytotoxicity of toxin against human blood cells were 6 ppm . also the stability of producing toxin was determined .

Gene therapy has proven its potential in treatment of several human diseases. Most recent method in a long line of the genome-editing-techniques is called A" Clustered-Regularly-Interspaced-Short-Palindromic- Repeat-associated-protein9* abbreviated as CRISPR-Cas9. The scientists and researcher have long sought to the control, and modification the DNA that consider "the code oflife". The CRISPR-Cas9technology is offer very important improvements that differ about other gene-editing.technologies, it's uncomplicated to apply & low-cost, also have comparatively high degree of the efficiency and precision. This technology uses a "ribonucleic acid.(RNA)-guided. Deoxyribonucleic. acid-DNA-endonuclease.", Cas9, which induces double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the target site, the DSBs was repaired by the use of a variety of cellular DNA-repair systems leading to changes in target sites, that technology have proven to be effective to investigation, prevention, and treatmento fdiseases.

Abstract The contemporary revision was accompanied at Al-Zahraa-Teaching -Hospital for Obstetrics. This research comprised a histo-pathological study of women distress from cluster pregnancy in Najaf Governorate, who reviewed the obstetrics department at Al-Zahraa-Teaching-Hospital for the period from 1/9/2017 to 5/2/2018.About (10) of women with cluster pregnancies, (5) cases of complete cluster pregnancies and (5) cases of partial cluster pregnancy. The range age of women with cluster pregnancies ranged from (25-15) y. The consequences of the anatomical and histological revision of women with cluster pregnancy showed that there were two types of cluster pregnancies: full cluster pregnancy and partial cluster pregnancy. Also revealed that the placenta and the fetus looked as a block on the fluidfilled bags analogous to the grape cluster where the size of these bags about (8 * 8). It was also distinguished that the fetus and placenta were not distinctive in a clear and completely slanted. However the results indicated for women with partial cluster pregnancy that the fetus and a bulky partition of the placenta appeared in the form of a mass container on the bags filled with liquids, which were in the form of irregular clusters similar to the cluster of grapes, where the size of these bags about (5 * 5) .As noted that the fetus completely mutilated or non-existent but a minor portion of the placenta lingered intact and distinctive.

ABSTRACT : Beta thalassemia is a genetic disorder, characterized by the complete absence or decrease synthesis of β globin chains. Regular blood transfusion is the mainstay of treatment of severe β thalassemia. Iron overload is the result of repeated blood transfusion with many complications including endocrinopathies, behavioral and neurotic problemsetc. To investigate the levels of Vitamin D, calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, ferritin and enzymes of the liver (alanine aminotransferase, ALT and aspartate aminotransferase, AST), in the sera, of thalassemic and normal persons and to correlate these parameters with osteoporosis prevalence. This study was case control study in which ninety person were involved and subdivided by three groups: control group (Thirty healthy individual), Thalassemia group (Thirty thalassemic patients without osteoporosis) and Thalassemia group with osteoporosis (Thirty thalassemic patients with osteoporosis). Blood samples were collected and serum used to evaluate the mentioned parameters. Ca, vit. D and parathyroid hormone level decreased significantly in thalassemic and Thalassemic osteoporosis patients, while Phosphate, ferritin, ALT and AST increased significantly when compared to control group. Iron overload is one of complications in patients suffering from beta thalassemia major also required Ca and vitamin D supplements with periodic checking of serumCa, vit D, PTh, ferritin and liver function. Key words : β-thalassemia, osteoporosis, PTH, calicum.

The problem of B.C. is growing in both established and developing states, and in many provinces of the domain, it is the utmost frequently arising malignant sickness in females; it is including (18 percent) from the all cancers that effected woman, and the global, B.C. is the 5th greatest public cause of death with cancer. In year (2008), almost (1.4) m. female were established with B.C.in universal with a consistent about (460. 000) demises. Thirty Participants were included in this study; they were attendants of Al-Sadder Medical City, breast cancer unit and Middle Euphrates Cancer Center in AL- Najaf province. The results of the present study revealed positive family history of breast cancer in 60% of malignant cases, while negative cases comprise 40 %. In benign cases; positive family history was less frequent comprises only (26%) while negative cases was of higher frequency (73%), and such difference was highly significant (P ˂ 0.05). A.B.O. blood group phenotypes in B.C. female patients in both type malignant, and benign and healthy woman (married, single and infertile women) revealed no insignificant alteration, where as an improved incidence of blood group phenotype B (64%), and a decreased frequency of blood group AB (10%) in evil (malignant) unhealthy person as matched with healthy assemblies, infertile, solitary, wedded (30%, 30%, 22% independently), and however an improved frequency of blood group O (43%) and a decreased frequency of blood group A (13%) in benign patients as compared with control groups infertile, solitary, married. The present research advocated an elevation occurrence of goiter synchronized with extraordinary frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis, established mainly by A.b. positivity, in woman breast cancer persons. Hyperthyroidism was found in high percentage 6 cases (20%) in malignant breast cancer and 4 cases (10%) in benign cases when compared with control group 1 (4.0%), (P˂0.05). The present study revealed high percentage of hypothyroidism, Nontoxic goiter was found in 20 patients in malignant breast cancer group (67 %) and 23 in benign breast cancer patients (77 %) controls 6 (96 %) and such difference was highly significant

The contemporary revision was accompanied at Al-Zahraa-Teaching -Hospital for Obstetrics. This research comprised a histo-pathological study of women distress from cluster pregnancy in Najaf Governorate, who reviewed the obstetrics department at Al-Zahraa-Teaching-Hospital for the period from 1/9/2017 to 5/2/2018.About (10) of women with cluster pregnancies, (5) cases of complete cluster pregnancies and (5) cases of partial cluster pregnancy. The range age of women with cluster pregnancies ranged from (25-15) y. The consequences of the anatomical and histological revision of women with cluster pregnancy showed that there were two types of cluster pregnancies: full cluster pregnancy and partial cluster pregnancy. Also revealed that the placenta and the fetus looked as a block on the fluid- filled bags analogous to the grape cluster where the size of these bags about (8 * 8). It was also distinguished that the fetus and placenta were not distinctive in a clear and completely slanted. However the results indicated for women with partial cluster pregnancy that the fetus and a bulky partition of the placenta appeared in the form of a mass container on the bags filled with liquids, which were in the form of irregular clusters similar to the cluster of grapes, where the size of these bags about (5 * 5) .As noted that the fetus completely mutilated or non-existent but a minor portion of the placenta lingered intact and distinctive.

he present study was conducted on six adult males ferret . Anatomical description of submandibular glad was oval-shaped, located under mandible, pair gland, occupied the cervical region. Histologically , submandibular gland was compound-tubulo-branched acinar gland, composed of fibrous capsule, send trabeculae to divide the pranchyma of gland into lobes and lobules , histological findings was revealed , mixed gland (sero-mucos), consist of mucous and serous acini, the predominant acini was mucous and less serous acini in the number, some time the serous acini was appeared as demuline, the epithelial lining of secretory acini was pyramidal epithelial cells. the ductal system included, intralobular, interlobar and main duct, the intralobular and interlobar ducts lined by simple cuboidal epithelium, while the main duct lined with stratified or simple cuboidal epithelial cells. myoepithelial cells were warpped the mucous, acinus and ducts of submandibular salivary gland in the ferrer, function of cells ha contractile function to expel the secretion of glands