Maqdes Abed Al-Kadhum Abass Al-Jenabi

The current research aims to recognize the role of process re-engineering (Reengineering) in Competitive primacy, as the rapid development of industries and productivity has led to the competing of these industries in local and international markets. Hence, the researcher choose the Al-Kufa Ancient Cement Plant to implement the under study subject, as it is one of the most important and oldest production plants in Iraq; the sample was selected on this basis.

The current study aimed to recognize the effect of a just-in-time production system (JIT) on reducing production costs, especially in terms of serious competition, rapid technological development, and continuous changes in the business environment, which leads to an increase in paying attention to applying JIT on productive organizations. The most important findings of the study are that applying the JIT production system leads to reducing all types of inventory, which leads to improving the organization’s performance. Also, its application leads to the removal or reduction of activities that do not add value to the product, which is reflected in the reduction of direct costs in the organization. The study recommended the necessity of applying the JIT system by the productive organizations and becoming acquainted with the successful experiences of international organizations that adopt this system, with the need to alert production officials in organizations to organize the productive operations sites in a way that reduces production time, in addition to providing sufficient flexibility to reduce the time required for the production process and reduce production cycle. هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على أثر نظام الإنتاج في الوقت المناسب (JIT) في تخفيض تكاليف الإنتاج، خاصة فيما يتعلق بالمنافسة الجادة، والتطور التكنولوجي السريع، والتغيرات المستمرة في بيئة الأعمال، مما يؤدي إلى زيادة الاهتمام بتطبيق JIT على المنظمات الإنتاجية. ومن أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة أن تطبيق نظام الإنتاج JIT يؤدي إلى تقليل المخزون بأنواعه مما يؤدي إلى تحسين أداء المنظمة. كما أن تطبيقه يؤدي إلى إزالة أو تقليل الأنشطة التي لا تضيف قيمة للمنتج، مما ينعكس على خفض التكاليف المباشرة في المنظمة. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة تطبيق نظام JIT من قبل المنظمات الإنتاجية والتعرف على التجارب الناجحة للمنظمات الدولية التي تتبنى هذا النظام، مع ضرورة تنبيه مسؤولي الإنتاج في المنظمات لتنظيم مواقع العمليات الإنتاجية بما يقلل الإنتاج. الوقت، بالإضافة إلى توفير المرونة الكافية لتقليل الوقت اللازم لعملية الإنتاج وتقليل دورة الإنتاج.

This study aimed at exploring the level of applying practices of the strategy of effective production in the kar Cement Factory in Najaf Governorate. And clarifying the relationship between the effective production strategy and its impact on sustainable development in this factory, as it shows how the factory’s inputs are transformed into outputs that achieve the desired benefits for the targeted customers. The study was based on the hypothesis that (Do the characteristics of the effective production strategy adopted by the factory have an impact on... Achieving sustainable development? The study arrived at a number of recommendations, including the need to pay attention to the production strategy as it is an essential tool in promoting the sustainable development of the factory’s outputs by achieving its dimensions represented by the economic dimension, the technological dimension, the social dimension, and the environmental dimension in order to ensure the preservation of its customers and attract future customers. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على مستوى تطبيق ممارسات استراتيجية الإنتاج الفاعلة في معمل سمنت الكار في محافظة النجف الأشرف. ويوضح العلاقة بين استراتيجية الإنتاج الفاعلة وتأثيرها على التنمية المستدامة في هذا المصنع، كما ويوضح كيفية تحويل مدخلات المصنع إلى مخرجات تحقق الفوائد المرجوة للعملاء المستهدفين، وارتكزت الدراسة على فرضية مفادها أن خصائص استراتيجية الإنتاج الفعال التي يتبناها المصنع لها أثر في... تحقيق التنمية المستدامة؟ وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة توصيات منها ضرورة الاهتمام باستراتيجية الإنتاج باعتبارها أداة أساسية في تعزيز التنمية المستدامة لمخرجات المصنع من خلال تحقيق أبعادها المتمثلة في البعد الاقتصادي، والبعد التكنولوجي، والبعد الاجتماعي، والبعد البيئي لضمان الحفاظ على عملائها وجذب العملاء في المستقبل.

The present study is based on research and investigation into planning and scheduling systems as a basic variable and the limitations of applying planning and scheduling systems as a dependent variable to investigate the most important obstacles that prevent their application due to the development of the technology in planning and scheduling systems in addition to the advances in the algorithms of optimization by using a computer to make most of the routine decisions and using interactivity to send the information and the real understanding of the efficiency of the planners. And by changing the competition between the manufacturing companies around the world, as well as the relationships between these companies, suppliers, and customers. Supply chain management has greatly reduced the planning problem, and the concepts of flexible production have contributed to changing the relationship between suppliers and consumers at every link in the supply chain. This was done through a questionnaire that was distributed to the company’s management to investigate the extent to which this factory benefits from these modern systems, the obstacles that curb applying these systems in this factory, and the extent to which this industrial factory seeks to obtain modern systems, to cope with development, and be able to improve their performance, which will contribute to increasing their efficiency and ability to compete in the labor market. تعتمد الدراسة الحالية على البحث والتحقيق في نظم التخطيط والجدولة كمتغير أساسي ومتغير معوقات تطبيق نظم التخطيط والجدولة كمتغير تابع لدراسة أهم المعوقات والتي تحول دون تطبيقها بسبب تطور التكنولوجيا في أنظمة التخطيط والجدولة بالإضافة إلى التقدم في خوارزميات التحسين باستخدام الكمبيوتر لاتخاذ معظم القرارات الروتينية واستخدام التفاعلية إرسال المعلومات والفهم الحقيقي لكفاءة المخططين. وعن طريق تغيير المنافسة بين شركات التصنيع حول العالم، بالإضافة إلى العلاقات بين هذه الشركات والموردين والعملاء. لقد أدت إدارة سلسلة التوريد إلى تقليل مشكلة التخطيط بشكل كبير، وساهمت مفاهيم الإنتاج المرن في ذلك لتغيير العلاقة بين الموردين والمستهلكين في كل حلقة في سلسلة التوريد. تم ذلك من خلال أ الاستبيان الذي تم توزيعه على إدارة الشركة للتعرف على مدى استفادة هذا المصنع هذه الأنظمة الحديثة، والمعوقات التي تحول دون تطبيق هذه الأنظمة في هذا المصنع، ومدى نجاح هذه الأنظمة الصناعية يسعى المصنع للحصول على أنظمة حديثة، لمواكبة التطور، والتمكن من تحسين أدائها، الأمر الذي سيؤدي المساهمة في زيادة كفاءتهم وقدرتهم على المنافسة في سوق العمل.

Drugs are chemical substances that affect the normal functioning of the body or brain. Some may be legal, such as caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol, or illegal. Legal drugs, such as medications, help in recovering from illness but can also be misused. Illegal drugs are considered so harmful that international laws, under United Nations conventions, regulate their use, making their possession, use, or sale illegal. Illicit drugs often carry different names that can vary by region and change over time. Their effects include immediate physical harm as well as long-term impacts on psychological and emotional development, especially for young people. Drugs can impair natural coping mechanisms and potential, and mixing them can lead to severe and unpredictable consequences. In addition, drug abuse can impair judgment, leading users to engage in risky behaviors such as unsafe sex, which increases the risk of contracting hepatitis, HIV, and other sexually transmitted diseases.

Unemployment is a condition in which people who are willing to work and seeking jobs cannot find employment opportunities. It is a key indicator of a country's economic status. The unemployment rate reflects the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking work. Causes of Unemployment in Iraq The economic growth model relies heavily on oil exploitation. A high percentage of youth in the workforce. Lack of necessary training to meet the needs of the labor market. Impacts of Unemployment Psychological Impact: Individuals may face criticism, low self-esteem, and psychological stress due to their inability to find work. Exacerbation of Inequality: The lack of job opportunities and income disparity widen the gap between the rich and the poor.

tahdif altanmiat alealamia (SDGs), walmaerufat biaism tahwilina 'iilaa ealam (jadwal 'aemal 2030 liltanmiat alaiqtisadiati) wahi eibarat ean majmueat min 17 hdfan wudet min munazamat al'umam almutahidati, waqad dhukrt hadhih alaihdaf fi qarar aljameiat aleamat lil'umam almutahidat fi 25 sibtambr/aiylul 2015 wafi 1 kanun althaani / yanayir 2016, 'adrajat 'ahdaf altanmiat alaijtimaeiat al 17 fi khutat altanmiat alaijtimaeiat lieam 2030. la tamlik hadhih al'iimkaniaat fima baynaha ealaa alraghm min 'ana likulin minha 'ahdaf saghirat khasat biha, watumathil fi majmueiha 169 ghaya. watughatiy 'ahdaf altanmiat alshaamilat majmueatan wasieatan min qadaya altanmiat alaijtimaeiat alshaamila (alfaqr - alshaykhukhat - alsihat - altaelim - tughayur almunakh - bayn aljinsayn - almiah - alsarf alsihiyu - altaaqat - albiyat - aleadalat alaijtimaeiatu. waealaa alraghm min 'ana 'ahdaf altanmiat alaijtimaeiat laysat mulzamat qanuna, 'iilaa 'ana almar'at tatakhidh zimam milkiatiha watadae 'utur alwataniat liha. lidhalik fa'iina falduwal hi alati tatahamal almaswuwliat alrayiysiat ean mutabaeat altaqadum almahriz waistieradihi, mimaa yatatalab jame albayanat allaazimat litakwin almaerifat allaazimat fi alwaqt almunasibi. tama alaietimad ealaa fariq eamal niuyurk liltanmiat fi 25-27 sibtambar 2015 fi niuyurk bialwilayat almutahidat al'amrikiat bieunwan "tahwil ealmina: jadwal 'aemal 2030 liltanmiat waleimla. wayar'asuha 'aeda' al'umam almutahidat aladhin yablugh eadaduhum 193 dawlat mujtamaeiatan ealamiat walqarar hu alaitijah alhukumiu al'usturaliu wasie alnitaq wayaemal kakhutat liltanmiat lima baed eam 2015, wayaetazimun altatwir bishakl mubtakar li'afkar almutafaq ealayha taht eunwan "almustaqbal aladhi nabuh 'iilayhi".

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is a comprehensive software solution that integrates and manages a set of core tasks within an organization. It acts as a central database and platform that enables information to be shared in an effective and instant manner between different departments, which contributes greatly to smooth coordination and collaboration. In other words, it is a “complete, complementary” system. The primary purpose of an ERP system is to simplify and integrate different functions within an organization, such as human resources, financial management, supply chain management, inventory management, sales, and customer relationship management. By unifying these functions in one system, the ERP system facilitates effective communication and data sharing between departments, eliminates physical barriers (such as paperwork), and enhances cooperation between different departments by transforming the entire enterprise system into an easy-to-use digital platform.

alquat alshirayiya hueadad alsilae walkhadamat alati yumkin shirawuha biwahdat aleumlat alwahidat bimaenaa 'ana meddl wahdat aleumlat alwahidat almawjudat fi alsuwq ywththrela 'asear alsilae walkhadamat almatruhat fihi, watuerif aydaan bi'anaha alqudrat ealaa shira' alsilae walkhadamat dimn al'asear almurtabitat biha. 'asbab ainkhifad alqudrat alshirayiyat taerif alqudrat alshirayiyat bi'anaha miqdar alsilae walkhadamat alati yumkin shirawuha bimiqdar mueayan min al'amwali, wajadir bialdhikr 'ana tahdid alqudrat alshirayiyat yueadu amran mhman litahdid taklifat almaeishat wamustawaha fi mukhtalif albuldan, wafima yati majmueat min al'asbab alati tuadiy 'iilaa ainkhifad alqudrat alshirayiyati: airtifae 'asear alsilae walkhadamat tueadu 'asear alsilae walkhadamat min 'ahami aleawamil almuathirat fi ainkhifad alqudrat alshirayiyati, hayth tatanasab 'asear alsilae walkhadamat bishakl eaksiin mae alqudrat alshirayiyati, fakulama airtafaeat al'asear ainkhafadat alqudrat alshirayiyatu, waeindama yankhafid alsier tartafie alqudrat alshirayiyatu, wabialtaali fa'iidha airtafae sier sileat 'aw khidmat ma qal talab alnaas ealaa shirayiha. airtifae qimat aldaribat yuathir airtifae aldarayib fi ainkhifad alqudrat alshirayiyati, hayth 'iina aldarayib tukhafid min dakhl al'afradi, wabialtaali kulama zadat aldarayib qult alqudrat ladaa al'ashkhas ealaa shira' alsilae walkhadamati, hayth 'iina aldarayib almurtafieat tusahim bishakl kabir fi 'iibta' alnumui alaiqtisadii. aizdiad nisab albitalat kulama kanat nisbat albitalat murtafieatan ainkhafadat alqudrat alshirayiyatu, hayth 'iina eadad almustathmirin fi al'aswaq sawf yankhafida, mimaa yuadiy 'iilaa duef qimat aleumlat fi 'ayi balad kan, wabialtaali ainkhifad alqudrat alshirayiyat lil'ashkhasi, wadhalik ealaa eaks ainkhifad albitalat aladhi yuadiy 'iilaa airtifae alqudrat alshirayiyat lil'afrad airtifae 'asear alsarf taleab 'asear alsarf dawr muhimun fi ainkhifad alqudrat alshirayiyati, faeind altanaqul min balad 'iilaa akhar sayatawajab ealaa al'ashkhas shira' alsilae bieamal dhat qiam mukhtalifatin, faeindama yusafir al'afrad 'iilaa dual yakun sier alsarf fiha murtafie sayuadiy dhalik 'iilaa takalif maeishiat 'akbari, mimaa yuathir slban fi alqudrat alshirayiyati. aleard waltalab eadtan ma taqum alsharikat bi'iintaj sile bikamiyaat 'akbar min kamiyat altalab ealayha, watabda hadhih alsharikat fi baye alsilae bi'asear murtafieat baed alshay' thuma bi'asear munkhafidat jdan liaistirdad taklifat al'iintaji, mimaa sayuadiy 'iilaa airtifae alqudrat alshirayiyat ladaa almustahlikina, baynama fi hal lam tuntij alsharikat kamiyaat kabiratan min alsilae fasawf tadae 'asear murtafieatan ealayha, mimaa yuadiy 'iilaa ainkhifad alqudrat alshirayiya ziadat eard alnuqud kulama zad eard alnuqud fi al'aswaq ainkhafadat qimat alqudrat alshirayiyati, faealaa sabil almithali; eindama taqarar hukumat alduwal alati tustakhdim alduwlar fi eard almazid min alnuqud almutadawalat fi alsuwqi, sayuadiy dhalik 'iilaa 'iideaf qimat alduwlar alsaabiqi, wabialtaali fa'iina 'iideaf qimat alduwlar sayuadiy 'iilaa airtifae al'asear wabialtaali 'iideaf alqudrat alshirayiyati. ainkhifad aldakhl tankhafid alqudrat alshirayiyat eind ainkhifad dakhl al'ashkhasi, faeindama yaqilu aldakhl lan yatamakan al'ashkhas min shira' kamiyaat kabirat min alsilae walkhadamati, wajadir bialdhikr 'ana ainkhifad alqudrat alshirayiyat almutaealiqat bialdakhl tartabit aydan bimustawaa al'aseari, fahataa 'iidha airtafae aldakhl wairtafaeat maeah al'asear falan tartafie alqudrat alshirayiyatu.

awla: mafhum mizan almadfueat warada taerif mizan almadfueat fi (marjie mizan almadfueati) alsaadir ean sunduq alnaqd alduwalii bi'anah (( bayan 'iihsayiyun yuafar bi'uslub manhajiin munazam ma yajri min mueamalat aiqtisadiat bayn aiqtisad mueayan walealam alkharijii khilal fatrat zamaniat muhadada )). 'ii 'ana mizan almadfueat hu sijilun 'aw bayan yusajil qimat alhuquq walduyun alnaashiat bayn dawlat mueayanat walealam alkhariji, natijat qiam jamie 'anwae almubadalat alaiqtisadiat alati tansha bayn almuqimin fi hadhih aldawlat walmuqimin fi alkharij khilal fatrat mueayanat aitafaquu ealaa tahdidiha bisanatin. thanyaan: 'ahamiyat mizan almadfueat 1- yuafir 'adaatan aiqtisadiat tahliliatan shamilatan lilaiqtisad almaenii min hayth haykaluh al'iintajiu wahaykaluh altasdiriu waleawamil almuathirat fihima, hajm alaistithmarati, wadarajat aistighlal altaaqat al'iintajiat wamustawaa altakalif wal'aseari, walmustawaa aleilmii waltaqni, wanaweiat al'iintaj waghayrihima. 2- anah yumathil 'adaatan muhimatan lirasm alsiyasat alkharijiat lilbaladi, wafi hadha alsiyaq tuzhir 'ahamiyat almizan fi alluju' 'iilayh min qibal aljihat alhukumiat litakwin altasawurat allaazimat ean alwade almalii lildawlati, limusaeadatiha fi altawasul 'iilaa qararat bisadad alsiyasat alnaqdiat walmaliat min nahiatin, wabisadad masayil altijarat walmadfueat min jihat akhraa. 3- yuafir almizan qaeidatan 'iihsayiyatan mutakamilatan ean masadir waistiemalat alsarf al'ajnabii , dhalik likawnih yulakhis almueamalat alaiqtisadiat alati yataratab ealayha ailtizamat 4- yuqadim tswraan eamaan ean mustawaa ainkishaf alaiqtisadi, likawnih yusaeid fi altaearuf ealaa mustawaa altadakhul bayn alaiqtisad almahaliyi walaiqtisad alduwali, min khilal qias athr almueamalat alaiqtisadiat alkharijiat ealaa aldakhl alqawmii. thalthaan: haykal mizan almadfueat yata'alaf mizan almadfueat min khamsat 'aqsam hayin : 1- alhisab aljari 2- altahwilat 'uhadiat aljanib 3- hisab ras almiali(aleamaliaat alraasmaliati). 4- mizan harakat aldhahab walnaqd al'ajnabii . 5- faqrat alsahw walkhata'a. • alhisab aljari: wayashmal hadha alhisab ealaa jamie almubadalat min alsilae walkhadamat wahu yata'alaf min eunsurayni: a ) almizan altijariu : yataealaq bitijarat alsilae 'ayu sadirat alsilae wawaridatuha khilal alfatrat mahala alhisabi, wahu alfarq bayn qimat alsaadirat w qimat alwaridat w yusamaa 'aydan mizan altijarat almanzurati. b / mizan alkhadamat : watusajil fih jamie alsaadirat walwaridat min alkhadamat wayutliq ealayha almueamalat alkhadamiat mithl khadamat alnaql waltaamin walsiyahat walmilahat walkhadamat almalia .....'ilakh w yusamaa bimizan altijarat alghayr manzuratin. • hisab altahwilat min taraf wahidi: yataealaq hadha alhisab bialmubadalat alati tatimu bayn aldawlat walkharij bidun muqabil 'ay 'anaha eamaliaat ghayr tabaduliatin, watahadath min janib wahid watashmal alhibat walminah walhadaya walmusaeadat wa'ayat tahwilat 'ukhraa la tarudu sawa' kanat hukumiatan 'aw khasatan mithl tahwilat aleamilin fi alkhariji. • hisab ras almal ( aleamaliaat alraasimaliatu): 'ana harakat ruuws al'amwal alati tantaqil min balad 'iilaa akhar tanqasim 'iilaa naweayni: 1- ruuws al'amwal altawilat al'ajal : wahi alati tatajawaz mudat baqayiha alsunat kalqurud altawilat al'ajlu, walaistithmarati, wal'awraq almalia (asahum w sandati) 'ay bayeiha washirayiha min wa'iilaa alkhariji. b - ruuws al'amwal alqasirat al'ajlu: wahi alati la tatajawaz mudat baqayiha alsunat mithl alwadayie almasrifiat waleumlat al'ajnabiat wal'awraq almaliat alqasirat al'ajli, walqurud alqasirat al'ajli....'ilkh . • mizan harakat aldhahab walnaqd al'ajnabii: tatimu taswiat almadfueat (ay dafe alhuquqi) ean tariq aleumlat al'ajnabiat 'aw aldhahabi, waladhi kan min wasayil aldafe al'akthar qubulan fi alwafa' bialailtizamat alduwaliati, fatuswiy aldawlat eajz mizan madfueatiha bitasdir aldhahab 'iilaa alkhariji, kama yumkinuha fi halat wujud fayid bishira' kamiyat min aldhahab min alkharij