Kawther Adnan Hassan Alqaseer

Shigellosis remains a worldwide health problem due to the lack of vaccines and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Shigella (S.) dysenteriae has rigid peptidoglycan (PG), and its tight regulation of biosynthesis and remodeling is essential for bacterial integrity. Lytic transglycosylases are highly conserved PG autolysins in bacteria that play essential roles in bacterial growth. However, their precise functions are obscure. We aimed to identify, clone, and express MltC, a unique autolysin in Escherichia (E.) coli C41 strain. The purification of recombinant MltC protein was performed using affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography methods. The PG enzymatic activity of MltC was investigated using Zymogram and Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled PG assays. Also, we aimed to detect its localization in bacterial fractions (cytoplasm and membrane) by western blot using specific polyclonal

Background: Staphylococcus aureus that is a major health problem in hospitals, recognized as the greatest important nosocomial pathogen and usually causing postoperative wound infections. Antibiotic resistance by Staphylococcus aureus has developed to be common, and resistance to almost all antibiotics has been found among the most strains of this pathogen. Biofilms are generally more resistant to both host’s defense mechanisms and to antibiotics than planktonic unicellular microbes. Therefore, it is increasingly recognized as important health problem for patients with microbial infections. Moreover, Staphylococcal diseases has found to be connected with programmed cell death in order to cause numerous diseases in human hosts. All that made Staphylococcus aureus infections are hard to treat. Selenium has been examined for numerous medical applications and evidence suggested that Staphylococcus aureus growth can be inhibited in the presence of selenium nanoparticles. Objectives: The specific objective of this study therefore was to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with surgical site infections and burns infection. In addition to confirm that selenium nanoparticles may be used to effectively prevent and treat Staphylococcus aureus infections and thus should be further studied for such applications. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2022 to December 30, 2022 among patients with surgical site infections and burns infection at Al- Najaf city hospitals in Iraq country. A total of 275 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were recovered from hospital patients with postoperative wound infection or burns infection isolation and identification were based on standard bacteriological and biochemical criteria. Biofilms formation in vitro was carried out by microtiter plate spectrophotometric technique. Through using the standard disc diffusion technique, isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus were tested for antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Host cell killing by Staphylococcus aureus was assayed by using florescent microscopy. Finally, selenium nanoparticles to inhibit bacteria were tested by measuring the sizes of the inhibition zone for bacterial growth.

The oral cavity is habitat to a wide variety of commensal flora, which may act as a reservoir of factors that influence drug resistance. Bacteria in the oral cavity create biofilms, which makes it easier for horizontal gene transfer to result in the accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage rates in the oral cavity are high, according to recent studies. The widespread use of antibiotic prophylaxis among at-risk dental procedure applicants may facilitate MRSA establishment in the mouth. These modifications in the epidemiology of MRSA have significant ramifications for clinical practice, methodological approaches to MRSA carriage studies, and MRSA prevention efforts.

The oral cavity is habitat to a wide variety of commensal flora, which may act as a reservoir of factors that influence drug resistance. Bacteria in the oral cavity create biofilms, which makes it easier for horizontal gene transfer to result in the accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage rates in the oral cavity are high, according to recent studies. The widespread use of antibiotic prophylaxis among at-risk dental procedure applicants may facilitate MRSA establishment in the mouth. These modifications in the epidemiology of MRSA have significant ramifications for clinical practice, methodological approaches to MRSA carriage studies, and MRSA prevention efforts.

The oral cavity is habitat to a wide variety of commensal flora, which may act as a reservoir of factors that influence drug resistance. Bacteria in the oral cavity create biofilms, which makes it easier for horizontal gene transfer to result in the accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage rates in the oral cavity are high, according to recent studies. The widespread use of antibiotic prophylaxis among at-risk dental procedure applicants may facilitate MRSA establishment in the mouth. These modifications in the epidemiology of MRSA have significant ramifications for clinical practice, methodological approaches to MRSA carriage studies, and MRSA prevention efforts.

The current study assesses the effects of utilizing Bacillus subtilis, Rhizobium bacteria, and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus as a biofertilizer on apricot sapling cultivar Bayaa. Concurrently, the use of to promote plant growth was developed. Furthermore, three factors were used. The first component was added for soil apricot sapling by dilution suspension of Bacillus subtilis with three levels (0, 100, 200 ml.L-1) while the second factor was added by dilution suspension of Rhizobium spp. with two levels (0, 200 ml.L-1) and third factor was dilution suspension add Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus with three levels (0, 10, 20 ml.L-1). The results demonstrate that adding Bacillus subtilis bacteria to the soil of apricot saplings at both levels (100, 200 ml.L-1) had a significant influence on the leaf area, total chlorophyll, N%,P%,Mg%, and reduced proline and peroxidase. The effects of Rhizobium bacteria at level (200 ml.L-1) on all trails under study were comparable to non-addition of Bacillus subtilis .Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus of the treated saplings at both levels (10 and 20 ml.L-1) to the soil of apricot saplings had a significant effects on the leaf area, the increase in the heigh,total chlorophyll ,N%,P%,Mg% and reduce proline and peroxidase. The interaction among Bacillus subtilis, Rhizobium bacteria, and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were effects on trails under study especially (20 ml.L-1Arbuscular mycorrhizal +200 ml.L-1 Rhizobium + 200 ml.L-1 Bacillus subtilis) treatment, it was high significant in all trails.

A workshop was held for all laboratory officials in the College of Nursing for the purpose of educating students about the precautions that must be taken before entering the laboratories.

The most important lab safety rule is to know the location of and how to use safety equipment, such as a fire extinguisher. In laboratories, chances of accidents always exist despite any precautions that are taken

(Insulin Resistance), which was attended by faculty and staff of our college, which is a physiological condition in which insulin becomes the first effective way to reduce the level of sugar in the blood, which can rise to several levels that reach beyond the normal range and cause harmful health effects.