Hawraa Ghassan Hussein AL-Daaen

أجريت التجربة خلال الموسم الخريفي للعام (2012-2013) في قسم الغابات/محافظة النجف الأشرف، بهدف دراسة تأثير ملوحة مياه الري والحديد المخلبي على بعض الصفات الكيميائية لنبات الذرة الصفراء صنف ZP684 ،ونفذت التجربة بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكامل في ثلاث مكررات بوجود عاملين وهما التراكيز الملحية (8،6،4،0 ديسي سيمينز.م-1) وتراكيز الحديد المخلبي EDDHA( 2000،1000،0) ملغم.لتر-1. أظهرت النتائج أن ملوحة مياه الري أدت الى خفض تراكيز أنزيم البيروكسيديز ، الجذر الحر سوبر أوكسيد ، حامض البرولين وعنصر الحديد في الأوراق ، وكان التأثير متزايد مع زيادة تركيز الملح وأدى أستخدام الحديد وخاصة التركيز 1000ملغم.لتر-1الى زيادة الصقات أعلاه وتقليل الأثر السلبي للملوحة .

A field experiment was carried out for the periwinkle plant in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Education for Girls during the winter season of 2022 to study the effect of salt stress caused by salt concentrations of sodium chloride, which are (0, 50, 100) mM and spraying the plant leaves with gibberellin at concentrations of (0, 50, 100) mg. liter -1 and study the effects of these factors on some characteristics of growth and flowering, as well as the interaction between them. The effect of salinity, as it increased, was a significant decrease in plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, stem diameter, dry weight of shoots, root length, number of flowers, as well as flower diameter, while Foliar appliction the plant with gibberellin had a significant effect by increasing the concentrations on growth characteristics. studied above, especially at the concentration of 100 mg.L -1 . As for the interaction between salinity and the gibberellin hormone, it reduced the negative effect of salt concentrations on the plant.

Plant extracts are among the methods that have been used since ancient times in alternative medicine and are still developing until recently with the progress of science and modern technologies. These materials can be used in the composition of many pharmaceutical drugs. The current research aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of alcoholic and hot aqueous extract of the roots of Costus specious on some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia) that cause many diseases to find new factors have antimicrobial action against pathogenic microorganisms. Diagnosed bacterial isolates were obtained from several places, including postgraduate students in the Department of Biology, the Central Health Laboratory, and the Al-Ghari Al-Ahly Laboratory. An alcoholic extract and hot water were also prepared, and the effect of the two extracts on the previously mentioned bacteria was tested using the well diffusion method. Where the results indicated that the alcoholic extract of the roots of the Indian Costus plant was more effective in inhibiting the growth of the tested bacteria compared to the hot aqueous extract, which did not show any inhibitory activity for the growth of bacteria and in all concentrations used (150, 200 250,300) mg/ml. It was also noted that the inhibitory effect of the extract increased with increasing concentration. Gram-positive bacteria were the most sensitive to the alcoholic extract and to all concentrations used, as Staphylococcus aureus showed a synergistic effect that inhibited growth in most of the plate, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia were the least sensitive to the extract. Thus, it can be concluded that the Indian costus plant has an important role as an inhibit to many bacterial species that threaten human life, and it can be an alternative to antibiotics. It can also be used as a food preservative instead of chemicals that pose a threat to human life. Keywords: Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia

The experiment was carried out during the year (2022-2023) in the laboratories of the Department of Biology - faculty of Education for Girls / University of Kufa, to study the effect of treatment with different concentrations of gibberellic acid GA3 (0, 2 and 3 ppm) and salicylic acid SA (0, 2.5, 5 ppm) as well as the interaction between them on the germination percentage and some growth traits of fenugreek seedlings and the production of active compound (Trigonelline). The results showed that treating fenugreek seeds with gibberellin at a concentration of 3 ppm and spraying the seedlings with salicylic acid at a concentration of 5 ppm gave the highest rate of germination percentage, number of leaves, shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weights of the seedling, reaching (86.82%, 5.54 leaves, 7.40 cm, 4.00 cm, 0.64 mg, 0.42 mg) respectively. Also the results showed the highest accumulation of the alkaloid Trigonelline, reaching (0.99 micro mg) at the 5 ppm compared to the rest of the other treatments. Keywords: Fenugreek, Trigonella foenum, gibberellic acid, Trigonelline.

The experiment was conducted during the academic year (2023-2024) in the Al-Ghammas area, affiliated with Al Shamiya District / Diwaniyah Governorate, with the aim of studying the effect of salinity of irrigation water and spraying Spirulina plantensis algae extract on some phenotypic and physiological growth characteristics of the anise plant Pimpinella anisum. Which were measured in the laboratories of the Department of biology/ College of Education for women - University of Kufa, and the experiment was implemented using a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) in three replicates with the presence of two factors, which are the salt concentrations (0, 2 and 5) ds.m-1 and the algal extract concentrations (0, 5 and 10) ppm. The averages were compared according to Duncan's multi-range test at the probability level of 0.05, and the results showed that the salinity of irrigation water led to a decrease in most of the studied growth characteristics of the plant except for the content of the amino acid proline in the leaves, which recorded an increase in rates as its levels increased. Also, spraying the algal extract, especially at a concentration of 10 ppm, led to improving the characteristics and reducing the negative effect of salinity., the increased salinity also led to an increase content of the amino acid proline of leaves, which plays a major role in reducing salt stress and its effect on the plant and Spraying plants with levels of algae extract improved the studied plant characteristics and reduced the severity of salt stress on plants. medicinal plants in soils affected by salts, including studying morphological and biochemical characteristics to serve as a guide for evaluating these plants in their ability to tolerate high concentrations of salinity and the necessity of using algal extracts of different species as fertilizer supplements for plants Keywords: Pimpinella anisum, Salt stress, Spirulina sp .,proline.