Ali Salih Mahdi Al Yaquby

change detection in urban and surrounding areas, such as vegetation and bare, is a significant achievement for sustainable development, especially nowadays. The research used a supervised classification technique of two images representing two time periods (1973 and 2023) by applying the technique of land cover and land use (LCLU) using the ArcGIS 10.8.2 program. The classified pixels were converted into digital data to compare the using of the land cover method and land use change (LCLUG). The results showed a significant expansion in the urban areas of Najaf and Kufa districts, from 5.72 km2 to 134.95 km2, with a decrease in the area of green areas, from 17.26 km2 to 15.16 km2, and the absence of water areas, in addition to the transformation of most of the barren areas to urban areas (215.64 km2 to 88.51 km2). The study concluded that there was a significant decrease in green areas and the absence of water bodies in urban areas, and these are two indicators - along with the increase in urban areas can harm the environment of the region and the quality of environmental influences on the lives of the people who live in it. Finally, this, in turn, would negatively affect its sustainable development plans.

The study dealt with an essential aspect of sustainable development: water. Because of the great importance of knowing the change in water quantities during specific periods, the study resorted to using remote sensing techniques and analyzing multispectral images from the Landsat satellite for 1985, 1993, 2003, 2014 and 2023, and revealing the percentage of change in the water body of the Euphrates River passing through the eastern region of the city of Kufa in the middle of the Najaf Governorate, using the land use and land cover method (LULC) and this was done after classifying the images used using the maximum likelihood classification method, the image was divided into four classes: urban lands, agricultural lands, barren lands, and the water body. Based on the graphical analysis of the changes that occurred in these four classes and using the Curve Fitting method, a regression equation was created, which was used to predict the quantities of the water body available and the land cover surrounding it, for the next ten years up to the year 2033 and based on the extracted results, the study concluded a significant decrease in the water body of the Euphrates River and the agricultural lands surrounding it, with a noticeable increase in urban and barren areas, The study recommended paying attention to sustainable sources of water, such as rainwater and others, and correctly investing them, taking into account the social and economic reasons that directly affected the quantities of river water.

A panel discussion on the use of satellite images for sustainable development The Department of Physics held a panel discussion entitled Using multispectral satellite images for sustainable development purposes in Najaf Governorate. The episode included a lecture by researcher Ali Saleh Mahdi, which discussed the use of department techniques The seminar concluded with the importance of the data provided by remote sensing techniques to decision-makers in Najaf Governorate for the purpose of using it in sustainable development.

The Department of Physics holds a panel discussion on using remote sensing techniques to predict the amount of water in the Euphrates River The Department of Physics held a panel discussion entitled Predicting water quantities in the Euphrates River using remote sensing techniques for the purposes of sustainable development in the Holy Najaf Governorate. The episode included a lecture by researcher Ali Saleh Mahdi in which he studied the part of the Euphrates River passing through Najaf Governorate using remote sensing techniques by classifying approved satellite images into four main categories: water bodies, agricultural areas, urban areas and barren areas. The episode touched on the use of certain mathematical operations and the creation of a mathematical equation to predict the amount of water in the Euphrates River by the year 2033.

Master's thesis on achieving sustainable development using satellite images In the presence of the university president, his administrative assistant, and the dean of the College of Science, the Physics Department discussed a master’s thesis by researcher Ali Saleh Mahdi, under the supervision of Dr. Ahmed Asal Kazar, entitled The Use of Multispectral Satellite Images for the Period from 1973 to 2023 for the Purposes of Sustainable Development in the Najaf Governorate, Iraq. The message aimed to achieve some sustainable development goals by using satellite images (Landsat) for selected years limited to specific areas in Najaf Governorate, classifying the images used, finding the difference between the classified areas, and creating equations that represent the relationship between areas and time periods to predict areas in the coming years. The study found information about the change in areas (water, green, urban, empty areas) for the specified previous, current and future years and completed a detailed report on it, which enables decision-makers to benefit from the information and data contained therein to achieve sustainable development in the Al-Najaf Governorate.