زينة طالب شاكر السلامي

Interacting Cadmium as a critical pollution dilemma which includes human health risks currently in sight is one of the key issues in today’s context because of the severe impacts to human health. Here, the experiment was aimed to specifically the effect of powder of leaves of leek plants on blood parameters and internal organs when toxicity effects of cadmium elements to rats were considered. The experimental groups consisted of a negative control (T1: Option 1: For the experiment, T1 was used as the control in which cadmium was injected to rats at a concentration of 0.4 μg/L, T2 was chosen as the positive control with 25.7 μg/L of cadmium injected to rats, while T3 and T4 were the therapeutic interventions where rats were given 2% Results demonstrated that cadmium (T2) significantly impacted blood cadmium levels (25.7 μg/L) compared to control (T1: Concentrations of 2μm/L and higher were lethal (kidneys 5.4g/L, testes 5.1g/L, liver 19.1g/L, heart 0.8g/L and spleen 2.2g/L) and were damaging to internal organs compared to control (T1: Kidneys 2.8 g/ As to Cadmium, we had increased enzyme levels in the blood at the conclusion compared to the control. AST was 22.5 U/l, ALT was 29.1 U/l and Alkaline Phosphatase was 18.3 IU/l in T1, and in T2, AST was 60.1 U/l, ALT was The pharmaceutical approach with leek was the best option compared to the others that gave the better outcomes which made the livers' functionality disrupted, blood cadmium levels, and internal organ weights. The article suggests leek, covering 2% of the dose, being a promising therapeutic agent in heavy metal cadmium detoxification. To date, such study is the first in the line of such researches that aims to demonstrate leek's presence as a component in cadmium toxicity remedy.

The study aimed to investigate the negative effects of lead acetate on the liver and kidneys tissues of male Sprague Dawley rats. It was conducted on 28 male rats of the aforementioned strain. The rats were divided into four groups, including the control group (provided with regular fodd only), lead acetate group (LD 50), onion group (provided with lead with water and dried onion powder at a rate of 4% with the fodd) and tea group (provided with lead with water and tea powder at 1% with the fodd). The results of the current study showed that the control group was a normal marker of hepatocytes (Central Vein, Sinosoid, Hepatocyte) While we note that the results of the T2 group, we find that there is severe damage to the tissues of the liver cells. Through the results of the study, we find the occurrence of a large grouping of lymphocytes and severe congestion. Hepatocytes, the results of the T4 group showed hemorrhage and no accumulation of lymphocytes, as was the case in the results of the T2 group. Regarding the sections of renal tissue, the results of the study showed that the control group had normal tissues as well as parts of the kidneys (Bowmans Capsule, glomerulus, Distal, convoluted tubule, Proximal convoluted tubules), while the renal tissue for T2 suffered from severe hemorrhage and very severe cell damage, and compared with the results of T3, we find that the renal tissue of T3 is distinguished by the presence of partially shrink glomerular and is not better than both T2 and T4 tissues, which are characterized by a clear shrinkage of the glomeruli and the presence of hemorrhage, but with less than T3. Therefore, we find that the best results in terms of therapeutic nutrition for liver cells are T4 (tea 1%) and kidney T3 cells (onion 4%).

Several natural compounds have recently been discovered to be effective in the management of numerous pathogenic microorganisms. Kojic acid is an example of such a compound (KA). It is a byproduct of the fungal fermentation process that is commonly used in the production of food and cosmetics. The well diffusion method was used to determine the antifungal activity of various KA concentrations, viz., 20, 25, and 30 mg/ μl, against the bread mold. On the seventh day of incubation, an evaluation was performed. The factors detected were the inhibition of bread mold growth with an enumerated size of diameter mycelial growth. The study's findings showed that KA inhibited mycelial growth, with the highest inhibition found at 25 and 30 mg/ μl concentrations, with no significant difference between the two treatments. Based on these findings, the best concentration (30 mg/ μl) was tested further using the well diffusion technique. A concentration of 30 mg/ μl was found to be more effective than the others in preventing fungal growth. This concentration produced inhibitory zones with an average diameter of 23.3 mm, which was larger than the other concentrations. The results of this study showed that KA has a potential impact for preserving bread from mold.