زينب توفيق شناوه الجبوري

This study was carried out to detect the regional difference in blood pressure (BP) ‎measurement using automatic electronic monitor to measure radial (BP) and to use mercury ‎sphygmomanometer to measure brachial (BP). The automatic device was first evaluated by ‎the assessment of its random error and systematic error, the results indicate that this device ‎is reproducible and relatively accurate. The result of regional difference in (BP) ‎measurement in the same supine position indicate that the radial (SBP) and (PP) were ‎significantly higher than the brachial (SBP) and (PP) whereas there were no significant ‎differences in (DBP) and (MBP). The results of this regional difference in (PP)is likely due ‎to the effect of summation of reflected wave with the inside wave and also due to effects of ‎arterial impedance.‎

ABSTRACT: In today's environment, people constantly find themselves confronted with a wide range of upsetting situations. It is possible for stress to cause changes in the levels of a wide variety of hormones that are found in the serum, including glucocorticoids, catecholamines, growth hormone, and thyroid hormones. The "fight or flight" response requires certain adjustments to be made in order to ensure the individual's safety. There is a possibility that certain stress-related responses can lead to endocrine illnesses such as Graves' disease, gonadal dysfunction, psychosexual dwarfism, and obesity. Furthermore, stress has the potential to alter the clinical status of a wide variety of preexisting endocrine illnesses, such as contributing to the onset of adrenal crisis and thyroid storm. Significant consequences of stress include changes in behavior and systemic alterations, as well as changes in cellular mechanisms, hormonal , and brain stimulation. These changes can be observed at all levels, including cellular mechanisms, hormonal changes, and brain stimulation. An entirely new field of research has lately revealed the impacts of stress on human behaviour, social cognition, and health. This is in spite of the fact that the influence of stress on health has been the subject of substantial research for a considerable amount of time.

This study was carried out to detect the prothrombin Time (PT) and fibrinogen ‎concentration in (154) women, their aging (18-30) years and weight (55-75) kg that divided ‎into (3) groups as following:‎ ‎*(40) healthy women non-breast feeding ‎*(84) women who were breast feeding ‎ ‎*(30) lactating women who had treated with contraceptive drugs The results revealed significant elevations P˂0.05 for breast-fed and contraceptive groups in ‎prothrombin time, but there was a significant decreased P˂0.05 in fibrinogen concentration, ‎then levelled off and reached to the normal values during last months of lactation, also there ‎was statistically significant decreased P˂0.05 in platelets count, but there was not ‎significant changes in the hematocrit value could be demonstrated in the breast fed group, ‎additionally there was a minor decreased P˂0.05 for contraceptive group ‎

Background: COVID-19 has been around for nearly 3 years now. Although vaccines have been ‎developed it continue to present problems to the health sector. With many studies conducted so far, ‎it is still not fully understood with room for better understanding of its effects on the body generally ‎and thyroid function more specifically. Objectives: In order to ascertain if COVID-19 infection was ‎linked to thyroid function abnormalities, the current study assessed thyroid function in all ‎hospitalized patients who had been diagnosed with the virus. Methods: A sample of blood was ‎collected during hospitalization. Serum was used for determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone ‎‎(TSH). TSH was assayed on automated integrated clinical chemistry and immunoassay analyzer. ‎Results: COVID-19 patients' mean (SD) age was 48.42 years (9.50 years), while COVID-19- ‎negative patients' mean (SD) age was 37.72 years (12.88 years). females were being the majority of ‎populations in the COVID-19 group (60%), while male was prevalence between the control group ‎‎(the COVID-19–negative group), (62%). The comparison between COVID-19 group and COVID-‎‎19–negative group indicated a significant difference in age and (BMI) (P < .0001) and (P < .01) ‎difference in gender. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly (p< 0.001, p< .0001), HbA1C ‎‎(P< .0001), ALT (P< .0001), and AST (P< .01). Also, analysis indicted a significant (p< 0.001) ‎difference between COVID-19 patients compared with COVID-19–negative group in the level of ‎TSH. Also, ROC analysis indicated that TSH, IL-6 and d-dimer, were good prognosticator for ‎disease negative outcome, TSH (AUC = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93–0.99, p< 0.001), IL-6 (AUC = 0.96, 95% ‎CI: 0.91– 1.00, p<0.001) and d-dimer (AUC = 0.72 95% CI: 0.63-0.82, p<0.001 respectively). ‎Spearman correlation plot between TSH and biomarkers such as IL-6 and d-dimer pointed out that a ‎strong significant (r = - 0.97, p<0.001 and (r = - 0.66, p<0.001 correlations between IL-6 and d-‎dimer were inversely correlated to TSH. Conclusions: In most individuals admitted to the hospital ‎with a COVID-19 infection, thyroid impairment was evident. Furthermore, in COVID-19-infected ‎individuals, low TSH levels were a reliable indicator of poor prognosis. TSH may be lowered in ‎COVID-19 individuals in part due to IL-6. Thus, the current study lends credence to the notion that ‎anti-IL-6 medication targeting the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 may be a viable therapeutic ‎strategy for improving COVID-19 patient outcomes in conjunction with supportive care techniques.‎ ‎ ‎