zainab mahdi jasim alsaygh alshemmary

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect alcoholic extract of the celery seeds Apium graveolens in the histological characteristics of Swiss rats ovaries. The results showed that the low concentration of alcoholic extract of the celery seeds 150 mg / kg greatly affected and by histological sections in increasing the numbers and sizes of corpus luteum and developing follicles also the cortex of the ovary was free from blood congestion and there were increasing in the numbers of primary and secondary follicles compared with the control group. The treatment group with high concentrations of alcoholic extract 300 mg / kg of the of celery seeds showed that the ovary cortex contain smaller numbers of primary and secondary follicles and there were a hypertrophy , and congestion in the cortex cells and there were thicken in some cells nuclei in cortex and presence of large numbers of atretic follicles and the ovarian cortex consist on smaller numbers of corpus luteums compared with the treatment group with lower concentration 150 mg / kg. In addition to the appearance of signs of congestion in the cortex and increase the diameters of arteries and veins of ovary medulla which is responsible for the blood supply of the ovary.

Objectives: To synthesize ofloxacin-chalcones conjugates as possible mutual prodrugs of enhanced antibacterial activity and evaluate this activity against different bacterial strains. Methods: Two chalcone derivatives have been synthesized using Claisen–Schmidt condensation of p-hydroxyacetophenone with p-fluorobenzaldehyde and p-bromobenzaldehyde using SOCl2/EtOH as a catalyst to obtain finally a fluorinated chalcone derivative (FCD) and a brominated chalcone derivative (BCD) respectively. These synthesized chalcones derivatives were esterified with ofloxacin to obtain two possible mutual prodrugs that evaluated for its antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram negative bacteria in comparison with standard antibiotics: ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin using a disc diffusion method. Results: FTIR Spectroscopy, elemental microanalysis (CHN), and other physicochemical properties have been used to characterize the structure of the synthesized compounds.A moderate antibacterial activity of the synthesized chalcone derivatives (FCD and BCD) was obtained whereas their conjugates with ofloxacin were showed enhanced antibacterial activity in comparison with ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin using the culture and sensitivity test model on gram-positive and negative bacteria. Conclusion: Chalcones with their pronounced antibacterial activity can enhance the activity of Fluoroquinolones when conjugated with this class of antibiotics.

Objective: The objective of this search is to design, and synthesize new mutual prodrugs in order to obtain synergistic antibacterial activity. Methods: The hydroxyl group of three antioxidants (menthol, thymol, and vanillin), was linked to chloroacetyl chloride through nucleophilic substitution reaction, to give intermediates (Ia-Ic), which were reacted with a carboxyl group of Gatifloxacin to form three final compounds (I-III) having ester linkage. Results: The Antibacterial activity effect of the target compounds (I-III) has been tested for in vitro inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli by using spots diffusion method. All the tested compounds show a remarkable antibacterial activity against tested bacteria. Conclusion: The synthesized prodrugs were characterized and identified through FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR spectrum, and various physicochemical parameters. The antibacterial study of the compounds showed various activities toward the two types of pathogenic bacteria which are Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Compounds [I, II, and III] revealed that Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to synthesized compounds but Escherichia coli showed a reverse activity with some resistance for antibacterial drugs .

This study was designed to determine the levels of hormones insulin, testosterone and some female hormones in some male and female hormones in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and find the relationship between the male testosterone hormone and female hormones in patients with PCOS and to know the reasons for these changes in view of the prevalence of PCOS and its importance as a major problem affecting the health of women and her fertility. Methods The hormones included LH, FSH, PRL, estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and LH/FSH ratio in patients with PCOS compared with control group, and to find the relationship between male testosterone hormone and female hormones under the study in patients with PCOS. Fifty-five female patients with PCOS in reproductive age with body mass index (BMI) (25.01 ± 1.70 kg/m 2 ), aged 15–46 years old and who recalculated fertility centre of teaching Al-Sadr hospital in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate from 1/9/2013 to 1/10/2014, compared with 20 non-patients women with PCOS with BMI (23.87 ± 2.66 kg/m 2 ) and age 17–47 years old as control group. Results The results showed that there was a significant increasing ( p < 0.05) in insulin, testosterone, LH, PRL and LH/FSH ratio in patients with PCOS compared with control group, while there was a significant decreasing ( p < 0.05) in FSH, E2 and P4 in patients with PCOS compared with non-patients women. Conclusion As the results have shown that there was a positive significant relationship between testosterone and LH, PRL and LH/FSH ratio while the relationship was negative significant between testosterone and FSH, E2 and P4 in patients with PCOS

The current study was carried out in the department of biology at the college of Education for Girls - University of Kufa to measure some blood parameters (biochemical and physiological ) of pregnant white rats treated with indocin medicine at doses of (8) mg/kg of body weight during the two gestation stages 14th day and 20th day respectively. The total number of rat animals used in the current study was 40 white female rats aged 11.5 weeks and weighing 229 g and 40 fertile white male rats aged (11) weeks and weighing 224 g ,the female and male rats were married for the purpose of obtaining of required number of pregnant female rats after that the pregnant animals were divided into two groups: the first group contained 40 pregnant rats treated with indocin at a concentration of 8 mg/kg of body weight during 14th day to 20th day of gestation to study some biochemical variables which were represented by (Albumin, Erythropoietin ,Vitamin D3, Calcium ions and Malondialdehyde (MDA)) and some physiological variables which were (RBC count , concentration of hemoglobin (HB) and value of PCV).

The importance of the current study lies in investigating the mutations in the exon 15 of the BRAF gene as oncogenes, the presence of mutations associated with Hodgkin Lymphoma .As well as to know the relationship between diagnosed mutations and between health status. Blood samples were collected from (50) patients with Hodgkin lymphoma from the Middle Euphrates Center for Cancerous Tumors in Al-Najaf Governorate and compared with (15) samples of healthy people.The diagnosis of mutation in both patients and healthy subjects has been studied and compared. Then revealing the relationship between mutations and health status to see the effect of mutations on them. The study indicated the diagnosis of 40 mutations that were of 40 mutations in exon 15 in the BRAF gene. The highest frequency of mutations was the (rs1216743862 SNP) with (8.10%) and the lowest frequency was the mutation (rs397516895 SNP) and ( rs 868021367 SNP) with (0.38%) in patients, while in healthy subjects the highest frequency of mutations was (rs112445441 SNP) with a percentage (1.54%) and the lowest frequency was (rs121913340 SNP), (rs121113335 SNP), (rs121913336 SNP), (rs121913363 SNP), (rs55939351 SNP), (rs121913362 SNP), (rs121913338 SNP), (rs121913337 SNP), (rs121913361 SNP), (rs121913375 SNP), (rs121913227 SNP), (rs121913365 SNP) and (rs1488384581 SNP) with a percentage of (0.38%). The results of the study showed that there were significant differences ((p=<0.0001) between the presence of mutations and the incidence of cancer, which indicates a relationship between the presence of mutations and the incidence of Hodgkin Lymphoma. Also, the percentage of mutations in Hodgkin Lymphoma showed 37%. DNA was extracted from the blood samples by several DNA extracts and mutations were detected by Sequencing analyzing after amplification by PCR technology