زينب عبدزيد عبد الحدراوي

intestinal inflammation is one of the most common Human being parasitic infections worldwide especially in temperate weather. infection of these parasites is a major public health problem due to re-infection thus, there is a need to start integrated control strategies which involve health education for parents A quasi-experimental design study has been carried out in karbala city from some kindergartens Cluster sample is comprised of 40 mothers divided into two groups: study group involves of 20 mothers which exposed to the educational program and control group involves of 20 mothers not exposed to the program

Diabetes is considered one of the world main health problems. it's one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. It's complication leads to the rise in disability, reduced life anticipate and many health care expenses to the community. A Descriptive A Descriptive cross-sectional design is used through the present study in order to : assess the mother's knowledge regarding the management of their children with diabetes mellitus type 1 .and to determine the relationship between the mothers' knowledge and their socio- demographic characteristics. The period of the study is from 20th September 2016 until August 20th , 2017. A non-probability ( purposive sample) of the study consisted of ( 100 ) mothers with their diabetic children. Those who visit Al- Sadder Medical city / Al- Najaf Center for Diabetes and Endocrine, are included in the study sample. The data are collected through using a well-designed questionnaire that consist of (2) parts: Part I consists of socio demographic Characteristics of diabetic children containing (4) items. In addition to Part I consists of socio-demographic characteristics of mothers; it contains (7) items. Part 2 consists of Information about the mothers knowledge regarding the management of children with Diabetes Mellitus type 1 containing (11) domains . Reliability of the questionnaire is determined by using the Alpha Cronbach’s technique, and the validity through (23) experts from different specialties (Face Validity) for reviewing the study instrument. The data was analyzed through using of the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis approaches. The findings of the present study indicate that the Overall assessment for Mothers’ Knowledge about the management of diabetes mellitus are Fair. Also there is a highly significant association between the Mothers’ Knowledge concerning management of diabetic children and their (Number Of Children, Father’s Occupation, Father’s Education, and Mother’s Education). While there is a non-significant relationship with remaining demographic and clinical data. The study concludes The study concludes most mothers have insufficient knowledge about management their children with diabetes mellitus type 1 and that is a strong effect of educational levels of mothers on management of diabetic children. The study recommends that An educational program should be designed and implemented to increase mothers information about etiology, signs and symptoms and treatment of their children with TIDM in order to reduce or prevent complications, and Make new unit within the diabetes center to develop the association between mothers and center to training mothers of diabetic on management and insulin injection.

ملخص الدراسة يتضمن تقييم معارف الأمهات فيما يتعلق بمعالجة أطفالهم المصابين بداء السكري من النوع الاول ، وتحديد العلاقة بين معرفة الأمهات وخصائصها الاجتماعية والديموغرافية.

ABSTRACT:Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disorder that is characterized by upward flux of gastric chyme into the oesophagus. It may happen with no erosion as retrograde flow disorder or can cause erosive esophagitis. It has impact on quality of life of patients causing health and social problems and is correlated with a high risk of malignant esophageal tumor, columnar-lined esophagus, esophageal narrowing and stenosis, and inflammation of esophagus. Genetic predisposition, cigarrete smoking, and obesity, bad lifestyle are considered as risk factors for causing GERD. Classical GERD symptoms are usually clear to reach the accurate diagnosis, but less frequent symptoms and signs, such as chronic coughing and dysphagia, may also happen. Lifestyle management, antacid therapy, and surgical procedures are the major treatment strategies for GERD.

A cross-sectional study, a non-probability (purposive) sample was conducted in the period from April to October 2022 at Al-Najaf City.

ackground: Neonatal resuscitation is the set of interventions provided at the time of birth to support the establishment of breathing and circulation. 136 million births annually, (approx. 5-10%) require simple stimulation at birth to help them breath like rubbing and drying. Basic resuscitation with a bag-and-mask is required for an estimated 6 million (approx. 3-6%) of these babies each year, and is sufficient to resuscitate most neonates with secondary apnea.