يوسف فاضل عبد العباس شلاش

This research seeks to show through a theoretical study the role of foreign reserves in achieving financial stability in Iraq. Reserves are one of the central bank's most effective tools to manage liquidity, boost confidence in the banking system and support prices. Given the reliance on oil revenues in the Iraqi economy and the through-and-through uncertainties that influence the foreign cash flow, the function of reserves is turning into more and more crucial. This paper focuses on how is being defined foreign reserves, what are the characteristics manners and composition. It further spotlights the idea and significance of fiscal stability which is critical for the banking system to operate smoothly and reduce financial vulnerability. In addition, it explores the channels through which foreign reserves promote this stability by stabilising the dinar's exchange rate, covering the cost of imports, absorbing external shocks, and supporting the state to meet its external commitments. In conclusion, the study provides a justification for providing foreign reserves enabling Iraq to address the fluctuations in the global oil marketplace, thereby inducing the inflationary pressures which efficiently enhances the financial systems' immunity against shocks. The same statement also highlights that the deterioration of foreign reserves adversely affecting the stability of the financial system because it can increase the transaction cost of exchange rate and capacity gap of the banking system to serve the market demand for international currency.

The emergence of financial engineering aimed to provide unconventional solutions to companies' financial problems, but the expansion of the use of financial engineering tools caused many companies to close and widen their losses during the 2008 financial crisis. Meanwhile, many accusations were leveled against the ineffectiveness of the financial accounting system in dealing with the shortcomings of these tools. This led to an increase in the practice of accounting manipulation by financial report preparers. Therefore, this research aims to assess the ability of financial accounting systems to deal with innovations in financial engineering, and to establish a SWOT model for all aspects of the relationship. Therefore, the concept of this research is to study the scope of financial accounting to deal with financial engineering innovation as a basis for development. In its role in responding to these innovative challenges, the research relies on inductive methods to study some phenomena and observations, such as: the development of financial engineering, financial engineering, and creative accounting. There is a gap between the speed of financial innovation and the response of financial accounting to it; and the rewards of this gap lie in aspects. Therefore, a SWOT model was established to examine the ability of the financial accounting system to respond to the challenges of financial engineering. The researchers rely on exploratory significance research as a research strategy. The results show that, despite the importance of financial engineering innovation, it is one of the main reasons that led to the bankruptcy of many large companies and the recent financial crisis, as well as many accusations of improper handling of the accounting system. In financial engineering innovation, researchers use SWOT analysis to identify the most significant advantages, disadvantages, and challenges, and to address the challenges of financial engineering and the opportunities of the financial accounting system. The researchers suggest that the accounting education system needs to develop to improve accountants' ability to respond to financial engineering innovation, and that the accounting standards issuance process should be managed based on accounting standards for financial engineering innovation rather than rules. In addition, the efforts of all parties involved in the financial accounting system, including professional organizations, should be combined to address the risks of financial engineering.

The research aims to demonstrate the impact of judicial accounting on financial fraud operations and its impact on the external audit process. For the purpose of achieving the research objectives, 120 questionnaire forms were distributed to employees of the Supreme Judicial Council and its affiliated bodies. The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which are It was found that there is a statistically significant effect of forensic accounting on financial fraud, there is a statistically significant effect of financial fraud on external auditing, and there is a statistically significant effect of forensic accounting on external auditing.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the CEO's administrative efficiency on the relationship between the optimistic tone of disclosure, as determined through manual content analysis, and the speed of issuing the auditor's report. This impact was measured by analyzing the time frame for submitting financial reports to the auditor. The practical aspect of the study included analyzing a sample of 100 companies in the industrial sector listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange between 2011 and 2020. The study used statistical testing of its hypotheses using the SPSS tool, version 28. The researchers reached multiple results, the most prominent of which was establishing a statistically significant relationship between the optimistic tone of disclosure and the speed of issuing the auditor's report, which was facilitated by the interactive participation of administrative efficiency. The results show that disclosing the tone of audit results will make the auditor interested in verifying the company. Companies' obligations related to publishing financial statements are required to comply with the principles of the financial accounting standards. The obligation of this report is to facilitate the collection of information by regulators and public investors so that it has an impact on the transparency of the company. Companies usually disclose only neutral news. A company with good financial position will report good news, while companies will not disclose bad news in the report. On the other hand, in order to improve the investment value of the company's stock, management can use good future news to be disclosed early while future bad news is hidden.

The research aims to measure the effect of managerial ability on the timeliness for issuing the auditor’s report for industrial sector companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange, as the activity of companies and the large number of competitors make the CEO take the reins regarding submitting the auditor’s report sooner than is usual. The research sample consists of 10 industrial companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange for the period from 2011 to 2020. For the purpose of achieving the research objectives, a model (Demerjian et. al. , 2012) was used to measure administrative capacity, and the timeliness for issuing the auditor’s report was measured through the measure of the duration of issuing the auditor’s report. The researchers reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that there is a statistically significant effect between managerial ability and the timeliness for issuing the auditor’s report.

يهدف البحث الى قياس تأثير نغمة الافصاح المتشائمة في التوقيت الملائم لاصدار التقارير المالية لوحدات القطاع الصناعي المدرجة في سوق العراق للاوراق المالية ، اذتعد اخبار الوحدة الاقتصادية محور اهتمام للعديد من الاطراف داخل الوحدة الاقتصادية اذترغب الادارة دائماً في اختيار توقيت ملائم لغرض الافصاح عن هذه الاخبار في وقت مبكر فضلاً عن ذلك تكونت عينة البحث من 10 وحدات اقتصادية صناعية مدرجة في سوق العراق للاوراق المالية وللمدة من 2011 ولغاية 2020 ، وبغرض تحقيق اهداف البحث فقد تم استخدام تحليل المحتوى اليدوي لقياس نغمة الافصاح المتشائمة وكذلك تم استخدام مقياس مدة اصدار التقارير المالية لقياس التوقيت الملائم تمهيداً لتحديد التأثير بينهما ، وقد توصل الباحثان الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات اهمها يوجد تأثير ذات دلالة احصائية بين نغمة الافصاح المتشائمة والتوقيت الملائم لاصدار التقرير المالي السنوي وكذلك يوجد تأثير ذات دلالة احصائية بين نغمة الافصاح المتشائمة والتوقيت الملائم لاصدار تقرير مراقب الحسابات.

تم اقامة ورشة عمل في يوم الخميس الموافق 2/5/2024 لغرض توضيح متطلبات تمويل الرواتب المبلغة الينا من قبل وزارة المالية