وديان محمد تركي العنزي

Renal failure is a general problem worldwide as millions of patients are diagnosed each year and many deaths are caused by this disease. Renal failure is the fourth cause of death in the world, in general, it means a deterioration in the ability of the kidneys to perform their functions or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. Therefore, wastes accumulate, and symptoms of renal failure appear and are either acute or chronic. The prevalence of kidney failure is estimated at about 16% worldwide and it is believed that the number of injuries reaches 69.9 million in 2025 unless urgent preventive measures are taken. Renal failure is one of the complications of diabetes, as in 50% of people with diabetes it is considered a chronic disease characterized by high glucose sugar in the blood as a result of decrease of insulin secretion or poor mechanical representation or both. Subjects: The current study included 88 people who were divided into two groups: the first included 50 patients suffering from kidney failure (18 females and 32 males), their ages range between (36-78 years) and they are subject to dialysis, while the second group included 38 individuals (11 females and 27 males) their ages range between (31-64 years), as a control group

Twenty to twenty five percentage of T2DM patients eventually develop nephropathy depending on genetic predisposition. It is the cause of death of 17% of these patients. The exact mechanisms which cause diabetic nephropathy are unknown, although probably multifactorial, the cause of nephropathy may be due to the accumulation of a reduced sugar product (sorbitol) or a tissue toxin that can affect the Na-K-ATP pump. However, in T2DM, mesangiallymphokine production is associated not only with hyperglycemia but also with insulin resistance and generalized vascular disease, thus albuminuria may occur even before hyperglycemia develops. Subjects: The current study included 88 people who were divided into two groups: the first included 50 patients suffering from kidney failure (18 females and 32 males), their ages range between (36-78 years) and they are subject to dialysis, while the second group included 38 individuals (11 females and 27 males) their ages range between (31-64 years), as a control group. Aim of The Study: The current study is designed to find out the levels of Osteoponetin, Glutathione Peroxidase, 1,25 Di hydroxyl vitamin D3 in the sera of study individuals. C

Thyroid disorders are divided into two types: hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, The prevalence of hypothyroidism is increasing in India, Iraq followed by China, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Europe, and America. As for, the prevalence is increasing in the north and Baghdad, while the prevalence of hyperthyroidism is increasing in Sweden, the United States, and Europe. In Iraq, the prevalence of hyperthyroidism is increasing in Basra, Nasiriyah, Baghdad, and Dohuk. Materials and Methods: 90 persons were participated in the current study, they were classified into two group, patients and healthy individuals. Patients group included 30 patients with hypothyroidisms (10 males: 20 females), while the second group included 30 patients with hyperthyroidisms (10 males:20 females). The controls group included 30 individuals (11 males: 19 females) who appeared healthy and whose ages ranged from 30 to 60 years. Sandwich-ELISA method was applied to determine the level of interleukin-34 in the serum samples of the study individuals. Results: The current study aimed to evaluate the levels of (TSH, T4, T3, FT3, FT4, anti-TPO, anti-TG) in sera samples of patients with thyroid disorders (hypothyroidisms and hyperthyroidisms) and healthy controls. The results showed a significant elevation (p=0.000) of the TSH, T4, T3, FT4, FT3, anti-TPO, anti-TG concentration in hypothyroidism patients group comparison to the those in the controls group, the same result was noted when the two sickness groups compared together except anti-TG (p=0.07), while no noted significant elevationof the TSH (p=0.706), anti-TPO (p=0.282) when comparing between hyperthyroidism group and healthy control group. The results showed a significant elevation (p=0.000) of the interleukin-34 concentration in hypothyroidism patients group comparison to the those in the controls group, the same result was noted when the two sickness groups compared together and when compared between hyperthyroidism group and controls group

Hypothyroidism is a widespread clinical disorder in which there is inactivity in the thyroid gland, leading to a slowdown in the production of its hormones. Women are affected more than men,especially as they age. There are many causes, the most important of which are autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto’s disease. Its symptoms depend on the severity of the disease, and levothyroxine treatment is used. To reduce the severity of symptoms and to compensate for the deficiency that thepatient suffers from, hypothyroidism, when treatment is not taken, hypothyroidism causes complications, the most important of which are infertility and high blood pressure.

Background: Thyroid disorders are amongst the most dominant of medical conditions after diabetes disease, especially in women, it affects about 200 million people worldwide. Thyroid disorders are commonly separated into two major types, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, depending on whether serum thyroid hormone levels (T4 and T3) are increased or decreased, respectively. Thyroid disease generally may be sub-classified based on etiologic factors, physiologic abnormalities, and also involved goiter and thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: 90 persons were participated in the current study, they were classified into two group, patients and healthy individuals. Patients group included 30 patients with hypothyroidisms (10 males: 20 females), while the second group included 30 patients with hyperthyroidisms (10 males:20 females). The controls group included 30 individuals (11 males: 19 females) who appeared healthy and whose ages ranged from 30 to 60 years. Sandwich-ELISA method was applied to determine the level of Interleukin-37 and galectin-9 in the serum samples of the study individuals. Results: The current study aimed to evaluate the levels of interleukin-37 and galectin-9 in sera samples of patients with thyroid disorders (hypothyroidisms and hyperthyroidisms) and healthy controls. The results showed a significant elevation (p=0.000) of the interleukin-37 concentration in both of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism patients group comparison to the those in the controls group, while no such variations were noted when the two sickness groups compared together. Outcomes show significant increase (p=0.000) in the interleukin-37 of male patient’s subgroup (hypo- and hyperthyroidism) comparison to those of healthy males, same results were recorded when the female subgroups(patients and healthy) compared together. It was noted that galectin-9 concentration increases in the patients’groups compassion to healthy individuals, moreover; the highly elevations of this parameter was shown in the hyperthyroidism group. Statistically, highly significant differences were illustrated when the three study’s groups when compared together (p=0.000, p=0.046), in addition; the results did not record statistical variations between both sexes within study groups (either patientsor controls) on the other side, the outcomes have been shown a significant increase (p=0.000) of galectin-9 levels in the males’ as well as females’ patients subgroups when compared together or when compared to their peers in the control subgroups. The sensitivity of interleukin-37 was 97% in the hypothyroidism cases, while, the specificity of interleukin-37 was 100%. The sensitivity of galectin-9 in the hyperthyroidism was 100% and the specificity of galectin-9 was 90%. The combined specificity of interleukin-37 and galectin-9 reached to 100% when they were studied together in both hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: Interleukin-37 and galectin-9 can be used as clinical tools to diagnose thyroid disorders before receiving treatments and can also replace routine examinations in monitoring response to treatment.