وئام مجيد حسين الخفاجي

Abstract Stream of Consciousness technique has a great impact on writing literary texts in the modern age. This technique was broadly used in the late of nineteen century as a result of the decay of plot, especially in novel writing. Novelists began to use stream of consciousness technique as a new phenomenon, because it goes deeper into the human mind and soul through involving it in writing. Modern novel has changed after Victorian age from the traditional novel that considers themes of religion, culture, social matters, etc. to be a group of irregular events and thoughts interrogate or reveal the inner feeling of readers. This study simplifies stream of consciousness technique through clarifying the three levels of conscious (Consciousness, Precociousness and Unconsciousness) as well as the subconsciousness, based on Sigmund Freud theory. It also sheds a light on the relationship between stream of consciousness, interior monologue, soliloquy and collective unconscious. Finally, This paper explains the beneficial aspects of the stream of consciousness technique in our daily life. It shows how this technique can release our feelings and emotions, as well as free our mind from the pressure of thoughts that are upsetting our mind . Key words: Stream of Consciousness, Modern novel, Consciousness, Precociousness and Unconsciousness and subconsciousness.

Abstract: The researcher chooses Anne Bradstreet as an example of the 17th century puritan poets. Her poetry shows the connection between puritanism and elegy. The present paper argues that Anne Bradstreet’s life gives the reader clues about the reasons for her rebellion against God, as suggested in her elegies. Three of her poems – “Upon Burning of our House," "In memory of my dear grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet,” and “In memory of my grandchild Anne Bradstreet” – are analyzed to prove that her early life experience led to the suggested rebellion. Bradstreet uses the Bible to answer her many questions about life, and she feels that God’s judgment on her family was harsh. While the Puritans taught that God is fair, Bradstreet protests that God took what made her happy. The elegies of the fire and the death of her children show the intense tension in the poet’s thoughts and her doubt of the God she knows. In order to know Anne Bradstreet as a puritan poet and as woman, it is necessary to examine in some detail her beliefs and the full extent of the tragic events that affect the various episodes of her life. Key Words: American puritan, elegy, Biblical, feminist, rebellion, memory, grandchildren.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the ways in which Salman Rushdie, an English writer, supports a hybrid world whose differences and heterogeneity are not only tolerated, but also eagerly celebrated as a means of cultural newness. In the 21st Century, instantaneous communication, global economics and increasing migration of people across continents have drastically destabilized old views on the formation of cultural identities. It also attempts to prove how Rushdie’s literary works strongly believe in mixing identities and cultures, rather than limiting identification to a single place or idea. In addition, it focuses on the struggle for cultural identity or the different areas of cultural identity. To do this, the researcher particularly examines Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children. He also discusses the ways in which political and personal events have formed his attitudes. Rushdie’s novels are clearly dedicated to the idea that cultural blending will create a better and more peaceful world in the future. Keywords: Culture, identity, Hybridity, Migration, Struggle, and Communication.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the ways in which Salman Rushdie, an English writer, supports a hybrid world whose differences and heterogeneity are not only tolerated, but also eagerly celebrated as a means of cultural newness. In the 21st Century, instantaneous communication, global economics and increasing migration of people across continents have drastically destabilized old views on the formation of cultural identities. It also attempts to prove how Rushdie’s literary works strongly believe in mixing identities and cultures, rather than limiting identification to a single place or idea. In addition, it focuses on the struggle for cultural identity or the different areas of cultural identity. To do this, the researcher particularly examines Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children. He also discusses the ways in which political and personal events have formed his attitudes. Rushdie’s novels are clearly dedicated to the idea that cultural blending will create a better and more peaceful world in the future. Keywords: Culture, identity, Hybridity, Migration, Struggle, and Communication.

The Embodiment of Mankind`s Strugglefor Power in Lord of the Flies Abstract This study aims to shed a light on the struggle thatWilliam Golding emphasizes in his novel, Lord of the Flies. This story was written after the WWII when Golding was a member of the Royal Navy, whichinspired him to write Lord of the Flies.It employs figurative images to convey messages of the most controversial issues of that time:religious, psychological and social struggles. Religious struggle is reflected by well-known stories taken from the Holy book, such as Adam and Eve`s fall from the Garden of Eden andthe slaughter of Abel and Jesus Christ. These religious images show how the individual blindly pursues the desire of gainingcontrol over the world, as it happened in the last World War. Psychological struggle became the most dominant issue after the war began, especially after Sigmund Freud`s death (the founder of Psychoanalysis Theory)in the first weeks of the WWII. As a Jewish man, Freud got high reputation after the war during whichHolocaust happened. Freud's theory was an-in depthanalysis of the individual's psychological struggle and their inner beast. This study also provides an example from the Holy Quran demonstrating thatman has two spirits(good and evil) whichare controlling him. The world before the WWII suffered the social struggle between the two superpowers: Capitalism and Socialism. Through his main characters (Ralph and Jack), Golding uses these axes to create a link between the inner and global struggle. Key words: Religious struggle, Psychologicalstruggle, Socialstruggle

Abstract Modern world can learn a lot from Franz Kafak`s The Metamorphosis story. It deeply exposed alienation theme, and employed it as a vehicle to show the fault of modern man. This novel was published at a period when world was only responding to the effects of the industrial revolution. Employees had to change social interactions within the workplace to adapt to the current power system. Individuals struggled to fulfill the pressures of work and personal life and were exhausted. Gregor's alienation was a tragic consequence of the unsustainable socio-economic system of industrialization, contributing to his separation from social principles. This paper investigates the effects of separation of individuals who as a result have not only alienated themselves from their society but they lost their identity as well as moral values. It also focuses on the economic, political and financial issues that have changed the mentality of young people from a source of benefits to a source of risks. To do so, my paper is going to consider Kafka`s The Metamorphosis as a raw material to examine the concept of alienation of the contemporary man. Key Words: Alienation, Moral Messages, Identity, Struggle for Survive, and Values