Thu-Alfeqar Razzaq Hussain Tweij

A combination of chemicals including povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine gluconate, ethanol, and methanol were used to remove Bacillus thuringiensis endospores from surgical tools. This study included two steps: the first one was conducted using four increasing concentrations of each compound. The best chemical concentration for a single agent was 7.5% povidone-iodine with only 3 colony-forming units (CFU) produced after treatment, 5% chlorhexidine treatment resulted in 12 CFU, 70% ethanol yielded 9 CFU, and 90% methanol resulted in 20 CFU. The second step included the following (v/v) combinations: 90% methanol + 70% ethanol, 90% methanol + 5% chlorhexidine, and 7.5% iodine + 70% ethanol + 5% chlorhexidine. The latter combination resulted in 0 CFU and therefore, sterilization was achieved. The combination 7.5% iodine + 5% chlorhexidine resulted in 1 CFU, 7.5 % iodine + 90% methanol in 4 CFU, 7.5% iodine + 70% ethanol yielded 6 CFU, and the combination 5% chlorhexidine + 90% methanol resulted in 9 CFU. The control treatment yielded about 300 CFU. To confirm results, a vegetative growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis were subjected to the same disinfection procedure and no bacterial growth were obtained for all the disinfectant combinations. Sterilization is defined as the process aimed at destroying or eliminating all kind of microbes and it is indispensable in health care settings.

Background/ purpose: Oral diseases are major health problems with periodontal diseases. Oral health is linked to acute and chronic periodontal diseases, which have been linked to anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria. To determine antimicrobial medicinal effect of the extracted Rue which used in treating of periodontal diseases. Materials and methods: A group of 30 patients undergoing of periodontal diseases were investigated by making growth culture pre and post of their treatment with extracted Rue, or phytochemicals that inhibit the growth of oral pathogens. Then making a comparative between the extracted Rue and 10 types of antibiotics for three types of bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonasgingivalis. Results: The result show that there is 7(23%), 3(10%) and 3(10%) isolates of each bacteria respectively. The inhibitory effect of extracted Rue show significant effect by inhibiting growth of bacteria in vitro 5(71%),2(67%) and 3(100%).Among 10 type of antibiotic used and compared with extracted Rue showed significant inhibitory effect for A. actinomycetemcomitans. of antibiotic for Chloramphenicol, , Nitrofurantoin, Oxacillin and Lincomycin, while the antibacterial effect on T. forsythia of antibiotic Chloramphenicol, Ampicloxacillin, Carbenicillin and Bacitracin, and The antibacterial effect on P. gingivalis of antibiotic showed significant inhibitory effect on bacterial growth for Chloramphenicol, Ampicloxacillin, Amoxicillin and Bacitracin. Conclusion: The incidence of oral disease, antibiotics resistance increased by bacteria and adverse affects of some antibacterial agents used in dentistry and financial considerations in developing countries, there is a need for alternative prevention and treatment options that are safe, effective and economical.

The most common abnormal parameters that view in seminal fluid analysis in infertile men are low sperm concentration, decrease in percentage of sperm progressive and decrease in percentage of normal sperm morphology, which constitute more than 80 % of the causes of male infertility, and due to presence of variation between several drugs that use to treat the infertility, the current study worked comparison between clomid and pregnyl to differentiate what is the best to use it where can be treat more than cause of these reasons. Methods: Fifty patients they divided into two groups, each group composed of 25 patients. From all patients in the two groups takes two samples of seminal fluid one before treatment and the other after three months of treatment to measure the sperm concentration, percentage of sperm progressive and percentage of normal sperm morphology. Results: The first group of the patients treated by clomid they showed significant improvement in sperm concentration (P = 0.000), percentage of sperm progressive (P = 0.012) and percentage of normal sperm morphology (P = 0.036). While the patients in the second group who treated by pregnyl they showed significant enhancing in sperm concentration only (P = 0.002).

Abstract Pharmacogenetics is one of the factors that effect on drug response and for the important of this subject, the study researched the correlation between the blood group and therapeutic response in infertile patients who are treated by pregnyl. Forty patients of different blood groups subdivide to four groups each one composed of ten patients of the same blood type as follow ten patients of blood group A, ten of B, ten of AB and ten of blood group O. From each patient collected two seminal samples one before treatment and the other after three months of treatment and analyze the seminal fluid to detect sperm concentration. Result: the paper show the patients of blood group O are more response (increase sperm concentration) compare with other blood groups while those of group AB not significantly response, patients with blood group A are significantly response ( p<0.05) (increase sperm concentration) and those with blood group B are also significant (p<0.05) but by lesser degree than group A. There is relationship between blood group and treatment response. Keywords: Spermatogenesis, Male infertility, Pregnyl, Blood group, Pharmacogenetics.