ثناء شمس الدين عباس الطريحي

Background: The emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria has become a serious problem worldwide. Integrons are useful marker of antibiotic resistance dissemination among Enterobacteriaceae. The purpose of current study was to compare the existence of the intI1andintI2 gene and its associations with the resistant to antibiotic of Escherichia coli isolated from patients with suspected with UTIs. Methods: For the period of the study about of 1300 urine specimens were collected from patients suspected with UTIs, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method 28 antimicrobial agents used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of E coli isolates. The isolates had be subjected to polymerase chain reactions (PCR) for detection of class 1 and 2 integron and antibiotic resistance genes. Results: From 1300 urine specimens E. coli isolates had represented in 111(41.3%). The antimicrobial sensitivity profile of 111 E. coli isolates were studied 104(93.3%) were multidrug resistant (MDR) and five (4.4%) isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics. The PCR data of integrons genes revealed that 89 (85.6%) of MDR E. coli isolates had integrons genes, intI1 was detected in 82.7% of isolates, while intI2 was found only in 6.7% of them. Detect the bouth of intI1 and intI2 had detected in 3.8% of the isolates. The qacE∆1 gene were found in 65.1%, sul1 gene were detected in 8.1% ,and variable region in a different size products were detected in 89.5% of class I integron, at the same time as for variable regions of class II integron were detected in 57.1%. Conclusions: The study is show that the high frequency of class I integron in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates conferring resistance to some classes of antibiotic. Keywords: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, classI and classII intgrons, antibiotic resistance Correspondence: *Hashim Ali Abdualmeer Al-sherees Department of Microbiology / Faculty of Medicine / University of Kufa

Summary Staphylococcus aureus is a representative constituted pathogen related with the major community and hospital acquired sickness and has been taken into consideration for a long time as a major problem of Public Health,Several virulence factors engaged in the pathogenesis of S. aureus strains Perhaps the most notable virulence factors associated with this microorganism are the heat-stable enterotoxins that cause the sporadic food-poisoning syndrome or foodborne outbreaks (Martin et al.,2003). Hypothesis: The pathogenesis of Allergic rhinitis(AR) has been a hot subject , recent studies had suggested that Staphylococcus aureus excretes exotoxins that may act as superantigens and can influence the activity of both immune modulatory and pro inflammatory effector cell type and therefore, may have a potentially important role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disease or lead to exacerbation of upper airway disease Methodology A case –control study has been conducted to determine the prevalence of enterotoxin producing Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal cavities of patients with allergic rhinitis during the period from March 2014 to November 2014, 100 patients with Allergic rhinitis and 100 control subjects, the patients attended Al-Sadder Medical City, outpatient clinic of ENT in Najaf city. For isolation of S. aureus, a nasal swab was taken from each of the 100 patients and 100 controls by using a sterile cotton swab. Isolates were identified by a conventional test and then confirmed by Biomerieux Vitek 2 Compact Automated Microbial Identification. The super antigen genes (SEA, SEB,SEC,SED,SEE,and TSST) were detected by using conventional PCR on the isolate then an enzyme immune assay RIDASCREEN ® SET A, B,C,D,Epreformed on broth culture of these isolates in order to identify the enterotoxins production or libration. Result: Nasal S. aureus carriage was significantly more frequent in patients with allergic rhinitis than in non-allergic controls (P < 0.001),(Odds=3.4306 CI=1.8-6.26).The distribution of toxigenic S. aureus that recover from allergic rhinitis patients by PCR test was (63.16%) and (26.32%) from control groups and the difference was non-significant P= 0.434.The most frequently detected enterotoxin was staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB).ELISA test seem to be more sensitive for (SED, SEC, and SEE) and less sensitive for (SEA and SEB), however the specificity of ELISA is better in (SEB, SEC, SED, SEE than SEA Conclusion: We have demonstrated that the rate of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in allergic rhinitis patients was significantly higher than that of control subject,-Staphylococcus aureus isolated from allergic rhinitis patients have a probably a relationship with the disease and their superantigen have been a role in triggering and exacerbation of the disease

This study was carried out to evaluate the relation between the causative agents of otitis media and the parameter related to the patients (e.g., gender, age) the criteria of causative agents include type of bacteria, growth conditions, susceptibility to antibiotics, and the ability to produce ß-lactamase enzymes. A total of 50 ear swabs were obtained from outpatients infected with otitis media.The results showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis (30%) was the predominant pathogens followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18%), Proteus mirabilis (8%), and Proteus vulgaris (4%). The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern showed that all bacteria were resistant to cephalothin and moderate resistant to other antibiotics.For detection of ß-lactamase producing bacteria, results showed that Ps. aeruginosa was recorded a high percentage in producing of ß-lactamase enzymes (55.6 %) in comparison with the other bacteria.

Abstract: This study was performed between May 2006 and May 2007 to identify patients who had nosocomial bacteramia and identify the pathogen responsible and its resisitance to antibiotics. Of 550 patients in various wards, 115 (20.9%) had positive blood cultures. Gram-positive cocci were recognized in 46.9% patients; these included coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus 16.5%, Streptococcus pneumoniae 6.95% and other Gram-positive cocci. Gram-negative bacilli were responsible 53.04% of isolates. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21.73% was the predominant isolate. Patterns of drug resistance varied according to species of bacteria but were generally quite high.

تهدف الرسالة التي تقدمت بها الطالبه (زهراء محمد حسين غازي الخاقاني ) ، إلى (تقييم ارتفاع مستويات المعلمات المناعيه ( NLRP3,IL1β and IL18 ) عند مرضى السكري النوع الثاني اللذين يعانون من الاكتئاب مقارنه بمرضى السكري النوع الثاني ممن ليس لديهم اعراض الاكتئاب) أظهرت نتائج الرسالة (وجود علاقة مباشرة بين ارتفاع المؤشرات الحيوية مثل NLRP3 و IL1β و IL18 وزيادة شدة أعراض الاكتئاب بين مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني و هذه العلاقة تشير إلى أن ارتفاع مستوى هذه المؤشرات قد تكون مرتبطة بزيادة شدة الاكتئاب بين المرضى الذين يعانون من مرض السكري من النوع الثاني. وتدعم النتائج الفرضية القائلة بأن نظام الـ Inflammasome يلعب دورًا في تطور الاكتئاب لدى مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني.كذلك بينت نتائج الدراسة ان معدل انتشار الاكتئاب عند الاناث كان اعلى من الذكور بشكل ملحوظ وذات دلاله إحصائية عالية).