تبارك صباح عباس عنوز

In contemporary dentistry, nanotechnology has paved the way for new materials and technologies that have improved diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Its clinical applications are varied among several dental specialties such as restorative dentistry, implantology, periodontology, orthodontics and endodontics. Use of nanoengineered materials in restorations and implants enhance the mechanical properties, biocompatibility and antibacterial activity; nanoscaling of implant surfaces supports better bone apposition for osseointegration thus offering long term stability. In addition, nanomaterials have been incorporated into biomimetic oral care formulations, biosensors for the early detection of disease and nanoparticle-medicated drug delivery systems. The review reflects about the increasing involvement of nanotechnology in clinical dentistry and outlines its promise for revolutionizing oral health in personalized, minimally invasive, and patient-centric care. It highlights cutting-edge technologies and methods developed using nanotechnology for improving the material properties, performance, biocompatibility, and clinical success of various dental products and devices. Keywords: Nanotechnology, Restorative Dentistry, Implantology, Periodontology

Objectives This study was conducted to determine the periodontal health status and the level of creatine kinase (CK) of the study and control groups and to correlate the level of this enzyme with clinical periodontal parameters in the study and control groups. Materials and Methods This study included 80 male participants aged 35 to 55 years, divided into four groups: poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis (G1), well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis (G2), chronic periodontitis without diabetes (G3), and periodontally healthy controls (G4). Clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, periodontal pocket depth [PPD], and clinical attachment loss) and salivary CK levels (measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were compared between groups. Results All clinical periodontal parameters and CK levels were highest in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis patients, and the enzyme level revealed highly significant differences between all pairs of the study and control groups. There were nonsignificant weak correlations of CK with all clinical parameters in all groups except a significant moderate positive correlation with PPD in the nondiabetic with chronic periodontitis group. Conclusion It was concluded that poor glycemic control negatively impacts peri- odontal health status. CK is considered a good biochemical marker of periodontal tissue destruction and is useful in the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of periodontal diseases.

Surgery, College of Dentistry, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraq Abstract: Introduction: The tongue, a sensitive organ in the oral cavity, is often affected by various systemic conditions. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are prevalent chronic diseases potentially associated with oral manifestations. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between systemic diseases and common tongue pathologies. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 30 patients at the University of Kufa’s College of Dentistry in Iraq. Patients aged 20-70 years underwent oral examinations using a mirror and probe to identify various tongue pathologies, including coated tongue, hairy tongue, geographic tongue, fissured tongue, and fibroma. Data on pre-existing DM and/or HTN were collected. Statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the relationship between systemic diseases and tongue pathologies. Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.46 years, with a male predominance of 63.3%. Moreover, 63.3% of participants had chronic medical conditions: 26.7% had both DM and HTN, 16.7% had DM only, and 20% had HTN only. Fissured tongue (53.3%) and coated tongue (20%) were the most prevalent tongue pathologies. However, no statistically significant correlation (P = 0.816) was found between systemic disease (DM and/or HTN) and the presence of tongue pathology. Discussion: The absence of a statistically significant association in this limited sample (n=30) contrasts with some existing literature suggesting links between diabetes/hypertension and oral manifestations, possibly due to insufficient statistical power in this study. While fissured and coated tongues were common, their direct statistical link to the studied systemic diseases was not established. The findings highlight the need for cautious interpretation of results from small-scale exploratory studies and underscore the importance of larger, more investigations to clarify these complex relationships. Conclusion: While fissured and coated tongues were common in this study population, no statistically significant association was demonstrated between diabetes mellitus or hypertension and tongue pathology in this limited sample. Despite this, the tongue's sensitivity suggests that individuals with systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or hypertension (HTN), may be more vulnerable to tongue changes. Further research with larger samples is needed to clarify these relationships. Keywords: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tongue manifestations, fissured tongue, coated tongue, cross-sectional study, Hypertension.

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are known to have a significant impact on muscle function, joint health, and quality of life. Unilateral chewing habit has come up as a possible risk factor. Objective: to assess the effect of chewing pattern correction on the signs and symptoms of joint disorders and muscle dysfunction. Methods: Thirty‑one patients with a history of less than one year’s duration of unilateral chewing (Group A) and 36 patients with more than one year’s duration (Group B) participated in the study. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, Axis I, were recorded before and after restoring normal chewing patterns. Results: Patients with a prolonged history of unilateral chewing (Group B) exhibited more severe initial temporomandibular joint disorder symptoms than those with a shorter duration (Group A), with significant differences in right/left TMJ arthralgia and right disc displacement. Post‑intervention, Group B showed significant improvement in multiple temporomandibular joint disorder manifestations compared to Group A. Conclusion: Restoration of normal chewing patterns leads to a marked reduction in the symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder in protracted cases, however, unilateral chewing history. Behavioral management and conservative interventions are effective in improving TMJ functionality. Keywords: Arthralgia, habits, spasm, temporomandibular joint disorders

TOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity. It accounts for more than 90% of oral cancers and is ranked as the sixth most prevalent cancer when considered on a global scale. In terms of pathogenesis, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors play a role in their interaction. Well-established risk factors are smoked tobacco, alcohol drinking, betel quid chewing, and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection-especially HPV-16. From these exposures mutate key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes such as RAS, MYC, and TP53 plus promoter hypermethylation of genes like p16 and DAPK.These molecular changes lead to unrestrained cell proliferation apoptosis inhibition angiogenesis and tissue invasion facilitated bymatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) .Geographically, OSCC varies a lot. The cultural practice of chewing betel quid in South and Southeast Asia makes this region the highest implac6tion for this disease, while lower rates are seen in Arab countries as alcohol consumption is not prevalent. In Iraq, increasing tobacco consumption, more waterpipe (shisha) smoking, and lifestyle changes have driven an upward trend of OSCC incidence. It usually affects men above the age of 40; however, recent data show increasing incidence among the younger nonsmokers which may indicate a shift in etiology where HPV infection plays a bigger role .Genetic studies in global and Iraqi populations have shown consistent overexpression of p53, cyclin D1, and EGFR. Conserved molecular pathways because of regional exposure differences. The survival rate remains poor due to late-stage diagnosis and recurrences. To improve patient outcomes in the face of these challenges will require culturally sensitive public health campaigns, early detection facilitated by molecular biomarkers, and targeted therapies that genetic profiling guides. This review synthesizes available evidence on the etiology and epidemiology of OSCC, highlighting gaps in knowledge and proposing avenues for research that can help direct preventive efforts while decreasing this disease’s burden globally

Amoxicillin is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in children. As a result, it is prescribed as the first line of defense against cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and respiratory infections.The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effects of amoxicillin on the formation of dentin and enamel during the secretory and early phases of mineralization.Materials and methods used to perform this study was sixteen pregnant adult Wistar rats were equally divided into two groups. The first group that do not received drug and prescribed with a saline solution (control group), the other group received 250 mg/kg/day amoxicillin (study group). From the 13th gestational day until delivery, the treatment were given every day by oral gavage. After birth, the newborn rats were also received the same treatment as their mothers from first day of birth until 7or 12 day after birth. The newborns will be sacrificed at 7 and 12 days postnatally, the jaws will be dissected, and taking the maxilla,were the samples fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and the upper first molars were analyzed histologically by H & E stain and histomorphometrically by image J to examine the enamel, dentin, ameloblast and odontoblasts mean thichness in both groups and in each healing periods.The results of study was, the mean enamel, ameloblastic layer and odontoblastic layer thickness were significantly different in the amoxicillin 250 mg/kg groups when compared to the control group. Whereas, the result revealed non significant group difference in the dentin thickness in both duration , the p value at 7 days (P = 0.147) and the p value at 12 days is (P = 0.054). Vacuolization of the ameloblastic and odontoblastic layer were observed in amoxicillin-treated groups in both duration.

ُقيمت دورة علمية يوم الأحد الموافق 1/4 حول تأثير الأدوية على نمو الأسنان اللبنية والدائمية، حيث تناولت الدورة دور بعض الأدوية في التأثير على مراحل تكوّن ونمو الأسنان، وانعكاساتها السريرية على صحة الفم والأسنان. وقد هدفت الدورة إلى تعزيز المعرفة العلمية لدى المشاركين ورفع الوعي بأهمية الاستخدام الصحيح للأدوية، خاصة لدى الأطفال، لما لها من تأثير مباشر على نمو الأسنان اللبنية والدائمية