سهى هادي كاظم الجبوري

In the presents work, radon concentration was measured for different types of drinking bottled water and carbonated drinks samples that are available in Iraqi markets. Radon measurements were carried out using RAD-7 an electronic Radon detector. Annual effective dose was also calculated. The measured radon concentration in samples of drinking bottled water was ranged from 0.0354 to 0.248 Bq/l with a mean value of 0.11265 Bq/l and the measured radon concentration in the samples of the carbonated drinks lies between 0.0354 and 0.283 Bq/l with a mean value of 0.1418 Bq/l. The mean values of the effective dose in all samples of drinking bottled water and carbonated drinks were found to be 0.410844 and 1.022 μSv/y respectively. The results of this work revealed that the radon concentrations were lower than the recommended limits which were indicated by the World Health Organization and by the regulatory bodies of European Union.

Radon gas is a significant health threat linked to thousands of preventable deaths each year. In this research, radon concentrations are measured in 136tap water samples collected from 34different places of Baghdad city, Iraq, using the electronic radon detector RAD-7 (Durridge Co., USA). The results of radon concentration varies from (0.012) to (0.283) Bq/L with a mean value of (0.111) Bq/L. The annual effective dose in Ingestion (stomach) and Inhalation (lungs) per person for children and adult is also calculated. The total annual effective dose of children and adults were (5.676) and (2.838) μSv/y respectively. At last may be concluded, the results of radon concentrations and annual effective dose in all samples show no significant radiological risk for the inhabitants in the reign study.

In this study aimed to put the basis for a baseline of concentration of investigations on the occurrence of natural and anthropogenic radioisotopes in Iraq, in thirteen canned samples of powdered milk, available in Iraq's markets, Radioactivity of the principal Naturally Occurring Radionuclides in anthropic and natural environments: 238U(226Ra), 232Th and 40K, have been measured by means of gamma ray spectroscopy with a NaI(Tl) detector. Also, fifteen canned samples of the most common firms of liquid milk have been investigated for detecting the presence of Radon with an innovative measurement technique by means of alpha spectrometry of Radon short-lived progenies using the RAD7 Radon-in-air analyser. In the samples of powdered milk, the measured specific activities of 238U(226Ra), 232Th and 40K range from 0.115±0.062 to 25.000±1.067 (Bq/kg), from 0.562±0.065 to 2.930±0.807 (Bq/kg), and from 104.171±2.984 to 461.351±8.450 (Bq/kg), respectively; Also, it has been found that, for the same samples, the Radium Equivalent Activity and the Internal Hazard Index for the above radionuclides range from 08.021 to 54.753 (Bq/kg), from 0.021 to 0.210, respectively. The average Total Effective Dose associated to the exposure due to annual intake of 238U(226Ra), 232Th and 40K from ingestion of powdered milk, has been estimated to be for children 397.36 μSvy- 1 , 13.136 μSvy-1 and 173.271 μSvy-1, in the following age ranges (2-7y ,7-12y and 12-17y ) while for adults (over 17y) has turned out to be 35.381 μSvy-1, 3.083 μSvy-1 and 23.979 μSvy-1 , for the three different species of radionuclides, respectively. All these results for the average specific activities and the Radiation Hazard Indices of 238U(226Ra), 232Th,40K, have been compared with the reference limits recommended by UNSCEAR and found to be below those values. For the samples of liquid milk Radon activity concentrations have been measured with the new proposed technique and the resulting values vary from 59.2±5.4 to 237.3±10.9 (mBq/l) turning out to be lower than the reference limits indicated by the World Health Organization and by the regulatory bodies of European Union.

In this research, Uranium (238U), Thorium (232Th) and Potassium (40K) specific activity in (Bq/kg) were measured in (12) different types of wheat flours that are available in Iraqi markets. The gamma spectrometry method with a NaI(Tl) detector has been used for radiometric measurements. Also in this study we have calculated the radiation hazard indices (radium equivalent activity and internal hazard index) and Ingestion effective dose in all samples. It is found that the specific activity in wheat flour samples were varied from (1.086 ± 0.0866) Bq/kg to (12.532 ± 2.026) Bq/kg, for238U, For 232Th From (0.126 ± 0.066) Bq/kg to (4.298 ± 0.388) Bq/kg and for 40K from (41.842 ± 5.875) Bq/kg to (264.729 ± 3.843) Bq/kg. Also, it is found that the of radium equivalent activity and internal hazard index in wheat flour samples ranged from (3.4031) Bq/kg to (35.1523) Bq/kg and from (0.0091) to (0.1219) respectively. But The range of summation of the Ingestion effective dose were varied from (0.0317) mSv/y to (0.5734) mSv/y. This study prove that the natural radioactivity, radiation hazard indices and Ingestion effective dose were lower than the safe.

Introduction. Wheat flour is a nutritious type of food that is widely consumed by various age groups in Iraq. This study investigates the presence of long-lived gamma emitters in different type of wheat flour in Iraqi market. Materials and methods. Uranium (238U), Thorium ( 232Th) and Potassium (40K) specific activity in (Bq/kg) were measured in (12) different types of wheat flours that are available in Iraqi markets. The gamma spectrometry method with a NaI(Tl) detector has been used for radiometric measurements. Also in this study we have calculated the internal hazard index, radium equivalent and absorbed dose rate in all samples. Results and discussion. It is found that the specific activity in wheat flour samples were varied from (1.086±0.0866) Bq/kg to (12.532±2.026) Bq/kg with an average (6.6025) Bq/kg for238U, For 232Th From (0.126±0.066) Bq/kg to (4.298±0.388) Bq/kg with an average (1.9465)Bq/kg and for 40K from (41.842±5.875) Bq/kg to (264.729±3.843) Bq/kg with an average (133.097) Bq/kg. Also, it is found that the radium equivalent and the internal hazard index in wheat flour samples ranged from (3.4031) Bq/kg to (35.1523) Bq/kg with an average (19.6346) Bq/kg and from (0.0091) to (0.1219) with an average (0.0708) respectively. Conclusion. This study prove that the natural radioactivity and radiation hazard indices were lower than the safe.