سهاد رشيد مجيد الحمامي

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common type of diabetes. It is caused by inefficient insulin use, as well as the progressive loss of pancreatic β cells function. T2DM is the most common type of diabetes in the world. It is the major cause of death in adults and children, mainly of heart disease. The non-synonymous polymorphism rs1990760 is located in the HNF-3b binding site within exon 15 of the IFIH1 coding region. At codon 946, it encodes a change from alanine to threonine (Ala 946 Thr). Methods On 100 patients and 100 controls, a case-control study was conducted. After extraction of genomic DNA, the SNP rs 1,990,760 analysis was performed using Taq-man real time PCR (RT-PCR). Fasting blood sugar, insulin level, HOMA-IR and lipid profile were determined. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight and BMI were calculated. T2DM risk was determined as an odds ratio. Results TT, CT genotype carriers were less likely to develop T2DM [OR = 0.38, CI 95% = 0.17–0.82, P = 0.01] and [OR = 0.40, CI 95% = 0.16–5.99, P = 0.04] respectively. High density lipoprotein (HDL) is shown significant differences in codominant model among genotypes in the patient's group. Conclusion Interferon-induced helicase (IFIH1) gene polymorphism rs1990760 is involved in reduced risk of T2DM. In addition this SNP may play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases by affecting HDL levels.

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are considered as biomarkers playing a role for prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). More relevantly, miRNAs confer higher sensitivity levels than currently used tools. In this study, we aimed to evaluate serum and tissue expression levels of miR-770-5p, miR-571 and miR-661 among T2DM and DFU patients compared to healthy control population. Methods The study included 600 subjects (300 patients, 150 healthy control individuals and 150 individuals with trauma injury). Sampling was taken from T2DM (blood) and DFU patients (blood and tissue), healthy subjects (blood control samples) and individuals with trauma injury (tissue control samples). Serum and tissue expression levels of miR-770-5p, miR-571 and miR-661 were measured using quantitative Real time PCR (RT-qPCR) technique. Results The miR-661 expression was significantly higher in tissue and sera samples of patients with DFU compared to control groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003), but not from sera of T2DM patients (without DFU). In addition, the expression of miR-770 was significantly higher in diabetic tissue compared to healthy tissue (p = 0.002), healthy blood (p < 0.001) and sera of patients without DFU (0.0261). However, the miR-571 was not significantly different between T2DM patients' blood samples and each of healthy blood (p = 0.0134), healthy tissue (p = 0.1153) and other samples. Moreover, this miRNA expression level was not significantly different between sera of T2DM patients and healthy individuals (p = 0.142). Conclusion The miR-661 and miR-770-5p had substantial roles as biomarkers in the rapid diagnosis of both T2DM and DFU diseases. Nonetheless, the miR-571 played no significant role as a diagnostic biomarker to this aim. Further in-depth studies are needed to verify the association of these miRNAs or other those potential miRNAs with the T2DM and DFU development.