Suhad Hameed Hasan Albushabaa

The current study aims to assess zooplankton diversity in Bahr Al-Najaf depression using diversity index, specimens were collected from five sites at Bahr Al-Najaf depression, Iraq during April 2017 to March 2018. Forty- eight taxa of zooplankton were identified including 26 taxa to Copepoda, 17 taxa belonged to Rotifers and 5 taxa to Cladocera: Copepoda was the most dominant group (54.2%); Rotifera comprised (35.4%); Cladocera comprised (10.4%). Relative abundance index of zooplankton showed Copepodite and nauplii of Harpacticoid, Hexarthra mira, Daphnia sp., Harpacticoid sp., and Copepodite and nauplii of Cyclops were more abundant. According to the constancy index, the Copepodite and nauplii of Harpacticoid, nauplii Cyclops, nauplii stage and Hexarthra mira can be considered as the most frequent; Shanon-Weiner diversity index values of zooplankton recorded less value 0.48 in August 2017 at site (5); while the higher value was recorded in April 2017 at site (2) was 2.42; the higher value of species richness index was recorded in April 2017 at site (2) which was (7.2), the higher value of species uniformity index was recorded in February at site (2) and March at site (1) (0.61). The present study concluded that Copepoda was the most abundant of zooplankton with variations in zooplankton species (density and from month to another).

The present study was conducted to evaluate some physical and chemical parameters such as (water temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness, and sulfate ions) and the concentrations of some heavy metals such as (Zinc, Lead, Cadmium, Manganese and Iron) in water of Bahr Al- Najaf. Five sites were chosen in Bahr Al- Najaf; the samples were monthly collected from April 2017 to March 2018. The results showed that water temperature ranged between (12.3-37.8) C0, pH values (7.16 -8.88), electrical conductivity (EC)(3.8-77.8) ms/cm, salinity (2.43- 49.79) ppt turbidity (Tur) (7.16 -45.5) NTU, total dissolved solids(TDS)( 2476-32366) mg/l, total hardness (TH) ( 553.18 - 2073 )mg/l, calcium(Ca+2) and magnesium (Mg+2)ions (122.91-689.37) and (80.29-609.21) mg/L respectively, sulfate ions (SO4)-2(360.9 -1263.1)mg/l, dissolved oxygen (DO) (6.6 - 17.8) mg/l, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) ( 0.73- 12.77) mg/l. The study results of heavy metals concentrations in water showed that Zinc (Zn) ranged between (0.001-13.86) ppm, lead (Pb) (0.02- 1.87 ) ppm, cadmium (Cd) ( 0.001-3.33) ppm, manganese (Mn) ( 0.006-0.23) ppm, iron (Fe) ( 0.03-0.91) ppm. The water quality of Bahr Al- Najaf depression under this study was considered of salinity, slightly alkaline, very hard and concentrations of BOD5 were recorded in some months exceeding the permissible limit. It seems clearly that Bahr Al-Najaf depression was contaminated by domestic sewage. Increasing levels of heavy metals in Bahr Al-Najaf depression exceeded the permissible limit, giving a hint of water pollution by heavy metals.

ABSTRACT : The present study was conducted on 56 males BALB/c mice, at the animal house Faculty of science / University of Kufa during the period from January 2016 to December 2016. This study included biochemical criteria to evaluate the protective role of Ethanolic extract of Iraqi Propolis (200mg/kg) and Camel’s milk (200μl) against hepatotoxicity induced by visceral leishmaniasis caused by Lieshmania donovani agent. The levels of liver enzymes (Alanine transaminase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Aspartate transaminase (AST), were measured in negative control groups (non infected), positive control groups (infected), Ethanolic extract of Propolis groups, and Camel’s milk groups. In addition, burden of amastigote in the liver and spleen was calculated of all positive groups(treated and untreated). The results show a significant increase (P£0.05) in serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT, ALP, and AST) in positive groups as compared with the control groups. A significant decrease (P£0.05) in the serum levels of each (ALT, ALP and AST) enzymes in groups treated with Ethanolic extract of Propolis and Camel’s milk if they were compared with positive groups. No significant different of Ethanolic extract of Propolis and Camel’s milk groups in serum levels during six weeks after administration as comparing with negative control excepting Ethanolic extract of Propolis groups there were significant elevation of them in comparing with negative control. In concluded that both Ethanolic extract of Propolis and Camel’s milk groups has ability to reduce the burden of parasite

The present study show that Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus sergenti are two phlebotomine species were morphologically identified. A total of 1376 male and female Sandflies were collected from five different collection regions between January – December 2016. The results show that Sandflies were decreased in number during the cold months in winter season (December, January and February) reach (0%) and the insect becomes more active in warmer months especially in August and September months were (16.10 and13.95%), respectively. The results showed no promastigotes in adult female specimens, which were dissected and examined by microscope examination. The investigated study to Leishmania donovani in female insect vector by using PCR technique with 18s rRNA gene shows positive female Phlebotomus papatasi Sandflies with promastigote of parasite in 8 pools and 3 individual of females Sandfly insect. So, the present study concluded incriminated of Phlebotomus papatasi for transmitting to L. donovani in An-Najaf province by the results with PCR technique and that the PCR technique is more accurate and does not require the skill or experience for detecting the parasite in Sandflies than microscope method

This study was conducted at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Kufa University, Al-Kufa City / Najaf- Iraq. The fauna of insects associated with rabbit carcasses(Lepus cuniculus) placed indoor and outdoor habitats, and their succession patterns were investigated. A total of 1589 adults and immature insects were collected during summer and autumn, 2016, representing in 3 orders and 7 families. Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera comprise79.11%, 12.21% and8.68% .A total of 630 insect specimens was collected from rabbit carcasses placed indoor. Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera comprised 80.2%, 11.7% and 8.1%, respectively. While, 959 insect specimens were collected from rabbit carcasses placed outdoor .Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera comprised 78.4%, 12.5% and 9.1%, respectively. Four stages of decomposition were observed fresh, bloated, decay and dry. The duration of it varies with temperature and relative humidity of each season. The total period of decomposition was 15 and 19 days during Summer in carcasses placed outdoor and indoor respectively (Mean temperature 40 ○C and RH between 10% and 20%) ,while reaching 18 and 25 days during Autumn in carcasses placed outdoor and indoor respectively, (mean temperature 29○C and RH between 54% to 64% ).The results showed that the succession pattern of insect associated with the stages of decomposition was similar between indoor and outdoor habitats with differences in the timing of insect colonization were observed between the two habitats within trials for Summer and Autumn .Also, Chrysomya albiceps was the first insect attracting to the carcass during the fresh stage in both habitats and it was the most abundant fly colonized the carcasses in both habitats but most number at outdoor, followed by Musca domestica. In general, it was appeared that the numbers of forensic insect species which colonize rabbit carcasses were increased outdoor and decreased indoor. Moreover, they were higher numbers during the autumn season than the summer season.

The study was divided into six groups (5 rats in each group) for 8 weeks. Group 1: control animals give water and pellet kept it as negative group. Group 2: administrated CCl4 as in equal volume with olive oil (1/1) at 3 days in weeks. Group 3 and Group 4 were administrated royal jelly (RJ) at two concentrations 150,300 mg/kg of body weight. Group 5 and Group 6 were administrated CCl4 along with royal jelly at two concentrations 150,300 mg/kg of body weight respectively. At the end of experiment (60 days), rats was scarified, serum sample obtained for assessment of laboratory analysis the results show significant decrease (p<0.05) in liver function (AST, ALT and ALP) in groups treated with RJ at both doses 150,300 mg/kg of body weight in compared with group treated with CCl4 only that has significant raise in AST, ALT and ALP levels and histological filed the result showed histological change include hepatocyte necrosis, sinusoidal vessels congestion and cytoplasmic vacuolization but, normal liver section n groups treated with RJ at both doses 150,300 mg/kg of b.w

The College of Science, in collaboration with the Chemistry Department and organized by the Women's Affairs Unit, held a seminar titled "Electronic Blackmail of Female Students: Causes and Methods of Confrontation." The seminar aimed to raise awareness among female students about the dangers of this phenomenon and to promote legal and technical protection. The seminar concluded with several recommendations, most notably the necessity of securing personal accounts with advanced technological measures to reduce hacking, and emphasizing the importance of breaking the silence and not hesitating to report the blackmailer, as they are legally the weaker party. The victim remains protected by law as long as they seek support and assistance.

An electronic scientific symposium was attended at the University of Al-Qadisiyah on insects and their relationship to forensic evidence