سعاد محمد جودة الحدراوي

Vitamin D is the common molecules for every steroid that has the biological effects of cholecalciferol. Vitamin D can be synthesized in the mammalian skin after exposed to ultraviolet (UV) waves and this process occur endogenously. Amongst diverse Vitamins, VitD has powerful effects on the immune system. As major components of the diet, vitamins have essential effects on the innate and acquired immune system. The active form of VitD is calcitriol (1,25(OH)2VitD3). Calcitriol (1,25(OH)2VitD3) is the active form of VitD. Calcitriol regulates antimicrobial peptides productions, comprising defensin and cathelicidin, that controller the natural intestine microbiota floor and supports intestinal barriers. VitD in controlling the immune response in infectious and autoimmune diseases. There is a theory that VitD complements could be beneficial for treatment of COVID-19. Vit D has an important anti-inflammatory function on the immune system by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines in immune cells. Also, vitamin D deficiency is closely related to chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer. In addition, recently it was revealed that vitamin D receptors (VDR) are expressed in many organs such as the testes, and vitamin D may be a adjustable regulator of reproductive function and fertility.

Background and Aim: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of drugs that are effectively used to inhibit gastric acid secretion and are used to treat many acid-related disorders including gastroesophageal reflux disease and other gastric disorders, recent studies recommend that they may be associated with the risk of chronic kidney disease and liver disease. Therefor the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors on kidney and liver function in laboratory rats . Materials and Methods: Fifteen female albino White rats (Rattus norvigicus) were randomly assigned to three groups of five animals. The three groups included a control (group I) were fed regular pellet, the second group (group PPI- 2 weeks) were fed with standard pellet diet and given esomeprazole (10 mg/kg b.w.) via oral gavage daily in the morning for two weeks, and the third group (group PPI- 3 months) were fed with standard pellet diet and given esomeprazole (10 mg/kg b.w.) via oral gavage daily in the morning for three months. Blood samples were taken after 2 weeks and 3 months by using cardiac puncture technique for measurement of serum creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase ALAT, aspartate aminotransferase ASAT, total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In addition to the histopathological study of kidney and liver tissue. Serum creatinine and urea were significantly increased in group (group PPI- 3 months) compared with other groups. Serum ALAT, total bilirubin and ALP were significantly increased in group (group PPI- 3 months) compared with other groups. Histopathological study of the kidneys and liver revealed normal histology structure in the control group and females rats which treated with PPI (10 mg/kg) for 2 weeks, while some histological changes were observed in the liver and kidney in females rats which treated with PPI (10 mg/kg) for 3 months represented by the appearance of some widening of Bowman's space and shrunken glomeruli, whereas the renal tubules showed congestion tubular cells in kidneys and appearance of some congestion in the blood vessels and degradation was observed in the hepatic cells in liver. Conclusions: These data indicate that long-term use of proton pump inhibitors has adverse effects on kidney and liver structure and function. Keywords: proton pump inhibitor, liver function, kidney function, long term treatment, esomeprazole.

Thyroid nodules (or thyroid tumor) is a common disease in the wide-ranging population, but only a small number of them is finally diagnosed as cancers. The aim of this study was to discover and identify potential serum biomarker for the purpose of using it to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors or for the purpose of using as prognostic serum biomarker or for monitoring patients with thyroid tumor. Seventytwo patients were divided into two study groups : patients group with malignant thyroid tumor included 45 subjects the median of age was 45 years and patients group with benign thyroid tumor included 27 subjects the median of age was 45 years. The blood samples were collected at Middle Euphrates Cancer Center and Dr. Emad Kareem Al.sabari clinic/Al.-Najaf Al.-Ashraf during the period from September 2018 until March 2019. Each patients’ group of the study was divided into sub-groups according to the age, gender and body mass index (BMI). The patients were diagnosed by physician based on history, clinical presentation and fine needle aspitate. Also, each patients group was divided into two groups : before and after thyroidectomy. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were detected by using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) method. The results of TIMP-1 revealed a significant (P≤0.05) increase in concentration of TIMP in patients with malignant thyroid tumors and benign thyroid tumor group compared with healthy group. Also, the results of this study revealed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) of TIMP-1 in patients with malignant thyroid tumor after thyroidectomy compared with that before thyroidectomy. The results in this study indicated that there was significant decrease (P≤0.05) of TIMP-1 in patients with benign thyroid tumor after thyroidectomy compared with that before thyroidectomy. For the effect of age, sex and BMI on the TIMP-1, the results did not show significant effects on the TIMP-1.

ABSTRACT Background and Aim: In recent years great interest has emerged in studying the health benefits of green tea particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease and cancer. We therefore evaluated health aspects of green tea on the body antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers also their special effects on body weight and body weight gain under prolonged high cholesterol diets in White rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty female albino White rats were randomly divided into four groups. Each group was fed with a different feeding system; each group consisted of five animals. Animals were fed for 10 wk. The four groups included a control (group 1) were fed regular pellet, the second group (group 2) were nourished with high cholesterol diet (3 % egg yolk and 4% coconut oil), the third group (group 3) were treated with green tea (0.6 ml of 5% green tea) orally for five times per week along with high cholesterol diet (3 % egg yolk and 4% coconut oil), and the fourth group (group 4) treated daily with green tea (0.6 ml of 5% green tea) orally for five times per week along with standard pellet diet. Blood samples were taken after 10 wk of nutritional treatment by cardiac puncture technique for estimated of serum glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) and also weight tests were done include body weight before and after experiment and body weight gains. Results: Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly (P0.05) in group 2 (CH) after weeks 10 compared with other groups, also serum MDA significantly decrease in group 3 (CH + green tea) and group 4 (green tea). Serum glutathione concentration significantly increases (P< 0.05) in group 3 (CH + green tea) and group 4 (green tea) and there was significantly decrease (P 0.05) in cholesterol group (group 2). Total cholesterol, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C increased significantly (P 0.05) in groups 2 (CH) after weeks 10 compared other groups also there were significant increase in the levels of HDL-C after 10 weeks in green tea group rats. Body weights increase (p0.05) after experiment in cholesterol group. Body weights gain after experiment was a significantly increase (p0.05) in cholesterol group, and there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in body weights after experiment in animals treated with cholesterol+ green tea (group 3) and green tea group (group 4) matched with control and cholesterol group. Conclusions: These data indicate that green tea supplementation resulted in elevated serum glutathione and decrease serum malondialdehyde. The green tea reduced the blood lipid and body weight gain.

Abstract The Plasma soluble corin is a key transmembrane serine protease, its principal functions is the synthesis of mature atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), these proteins have important functions in maintaining salt–water balance, blood pressure and cardiac function. Plasma soluble corin has been suggested to be associated with hypertension and obesity by cell and animal-based studies. However, the relationship remained unclear. In the present study, an attempt is carried out to estimate the level of plasma soluble corin in ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients and compare their levels with the healthy control group in addition to the study the correlation between plasma soluble corin and hypertention and body mass index in ischemic heart disease in male patients. One hundred and thirty six patients male patients with ischemic heart diseases including stable angina (AS), unstable angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI) (aged 35- >60 years) were involved in the present study during their admission to Al- Sader Teaching Hospital / Al- Najaf Al- Ashraf. Also patients groups were divided according to hypertention for the purpose of study the correlation between plasma soluble corin and this risk factor in ischemic heart disease. Body mass index, blood pressures and plasma soluble corin were determined in 176 participants aged above 35 years. Age matched forty healthy men were included as control group. Results of the present study in general revealed that there was significant decrease (P<0.05) in plasma soluble corin in MI, UA and SA patients in comparing with healthy control group. The blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) revealed a significant negative correlation (P<0.05) with plasma soluble corin in all IHD patients groups. The body mass index showed a significant negative correlation (P<0.05) with plasma soluble corin in all IHD patients groups. From the results of the study, we can conclude that the early detection of abnormal biochemical parameters include plasma soluble corin can limit complication and deterioration of hypertensive patients with ischemic heart disease. This finding suggests that corin may play a role in the pathology of hypertension and obesity.

Currently there is considerable interest in the potential health benefits of oil seeds, such as soy and flaxseed, especially in relation to cardiovascular disease and cancer. We therefore evaluated health aspects of dietary flaxseed supplementation on blood lipid under prolonged hypercholesterolemic conditions in white rats. Sixty male albino White rats were randomly assigned to four groups of five animals per feeding duration based on dietary treatment. Animals were fed for 0, 8, or 16 wk. The four diets included a control diet (CO) of regular rats chow, a 10% ground flaxseed-supplemented chow (FX), a 0.5% cholesterol-supplemented chow (CH), and a diet supplemented with 0.5% cholesterol and 10% ground flaxseed (FX+CH). Blood samples were taken at baseline (0 wk) and after 8, or 16 wk of dietary intervention by cardiac puncture technique for measurement of serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) and atherogenic index (TC/HDL-C). Serum TC, LDL-C, and the ratios TC/HDL-C increased in groups (CH) and (FX+CH) after weeks 8 and16 compared with time 0. Serum HDL-C decreased in group (CH) and increased in group (FX+CH) compared with time 0. Serum TG and VLDL-C remained unaffected. Flaxseed- supplemented diet reduced the levels of serum cholesterol and LDL-C and the TC/HDL-C ratios after 8 and 16 weeks but increased the levels of HDL-C after 16 weeks in cholesterol-fed rats. These data indicate that cholesterol feeding resulted in elevated serum TC, LDL-C, and the ratios TC/HDL-C. The flaxseed- supplemented diet reduced serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, and the ratios TC/HDL-C.

هدفت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة بعض الاوجه المناعية والفسلجية المرافقة لمرض التهاب المفاصل من 04 سنة تم - خلال دراسة بعض المعايير الدموية والمصلية لحوالي 04 مريضا تراوحت اعمارهم بين 04 الحصول عليها من مستشفى الصدر التعليمي في محافظة النجف الاشرف - مركز المفاصل والعلاج الطبيعي إذ تم فحص ) 04 ( عينة دم لاشخاص يعانون من التهاب المفاصل قسمت الى مجموعتين:-شملت المجموعة الاولى مقارنة ) 04 ( حالة لمرضى لديهم فحص شدة المرض المتمثل بالتفاعل مع البروتين الفعال C موجبا مع 04 ( حالة لمرضى لديهم فحص شدة المرض المتمثل بالتفاعل مع البروتين الفعال ( C سالبا, وقورنت المجموعتين مع مجموعة السيطرة التي شملت 04 ( حالة سوية لاشخاص لايعانون من أي حالة مرضية. ( شملت المعايير المناعية والدموية قياس العدد الكلي لكريات الدم البيضاء , قياس خضاب الدم , قياس معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء , و معدل مكداس الدم وكذلك قياس العامل الروماتيزمي و فحص البروتين الفعال C الذي قسمت على اساسه مجاميع المرضى الى مجموعة فحص البروتين الفعال C- الموجب ومجموعة فحص البروتين الفعال- C السالب اضافة الى قياس الفعالية النوعية لانزيم الادينوسين دي امينيز وتقييم مستوى . انترلوكين- 1 بينت نتائج هذه الدراسة وجود ارتفاع معنوي ) P<0.05 ( في التعداد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض, كذلك وجد أن هناك ارتفاع معنوي ) P<0.05 ( في معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمر لكلا المجموعتين مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة, وقد لوحظ بأن المعايير أعلاه يزداد ارتفاعها بزيادة شدة الاصابة كما اظهرت الدراسة وجود انخفاض معنوي ) P<0.05 ( في تركيزخضاب الدم والنسبة المئوية لمكداس الدم لكلا المجموعتين مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة وقد اظهرت نتائج دراسة المعايير الانزيمية لعينات الدم وجود ارتفاع معنوي ) P<0.05 ) في الفعالية النوعية لانزيم ادينوسين دي امينيز في مجموعة المرضى مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة وكذلك ارتفاع مستوى انترلوكين - 1 مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة .

Abstract This research designed to study the effects of flaxseed oil (0.25 ml) orally given for 28 days on the total cholesterol concentration and on lipid lipoprotein in the blood of cholesterol fed rats. Methods: Randomly 12 adult female rats were divided into 4 groups (3 animals for each group). The control group ( group I) were fed with standard pellet diet, the second group (group II) were fed with 1% cholesterol diet, the third group (group III) were daily administered (0.25 ml) of the flaxseed oil along with high cholesterol diet, and the fourth group (group IV) received daily (0.25 ml) of flaxseed oil. Results: The results showed a disturbance state in blood lipids in the animals that fed with diet contain cholesterol characterized with significant increase in total cholesterol (TC) and the concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) and in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) in the serum and a significant decrease in the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) concentration. Also the result showed that flaxseed oil administration has no protective effects against this lipid disturbance which induced by cholesterol use. Conclusion: The treatment with flaxseed oil didn’t cause significant decrease in total cholesterol level and didn't cause increase the level of High density lipoprotein in the plasma of treated rats.

Objective: The present study is carried out to the measurement of lipid peroxidation end product, malondialdehyde (MDA) in addition to estimate the lipid profile parameter both in control subjects and in ischemic heart diseases (IHD) patients. Methodes: Sixty eight patients with ischemic heart diseases including stable angina (SA), unstable angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI) (aged 40-69 years) were involved in the present study during their admission to Al- Sader Teaching Hospital / Al- Najaf Al- Ashraf. Age matched twenty two healthy men were included as control group. All blood samples were taken early morning from fasting subjects. Ischemic heart diseases patients were divided into smoker and nonsmoker groups, to observe the effect of smoking on lipid peroxidation in coronary heart disease patients. The measured parameters in serum included: total cholesterol (TC) and it's different fractions, triglycerides (TG) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results: Malondialdehyde and lipid parameters were found significantly high (P< 0.05) with the exception of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol which was not significantly different among groups in ischemic heart diseases patients. Smokers with coronary heart disease showed significantly increased (P< 0.05) malondialdehyde levels as compared to nonsmokers with coronary heart disease. Conclusion: Malondialdehyde elevation in IHD patients indicating a possible role of oxidative stress processes in the pathophysiology of the heart diseases. Smoking has adverse effects on lipid profile and MDA.

Linear growth occurs in 3 stages, During fetal and early infant life, growth is largely regulated by nutrition, during childhood by growth hormone (GH) and during puberty by GH and sex steroids. Short stature may be the result of a condition causing growth failure with a growth rate below the appropriate growth velocity for age and lower of thyroid hormones. The present study showed there was role of thyroid hormones and growth hormone in short stature problems that underlying cause and increased risk for reduced body mass index. Forty children divided into 2 groups were studied. Group I (short stature) consisted of 20 patients (aged 5 years). Group II (control) include 20 children aged 5 years. Hormonal estimation was done including GH,T3, T4, TSH, also study BMI in both groups. Hormonal profile: There was a significant decrease in serum levels of GH, T3 and TSH (P<0.0001) and insignificant change in the T4 between short stature and control( P= 0.05). also in this study showed positive correlation(r=0.561, P<0.01) between Growth and T3 hormones and their effect on short stature.

Objective:In the present study, an attempt is carried out to estimate the degree of iron overload in IHD patients in addition to the measurement of lipid peroxidation end product, malondialdehyde (MDA). The level of these compounds will indicate the risk of tissue damage caused by oxidative stress and iron overload. Methodes: Sixty eight patients with ischemic heart diseases including stable angina (AS), unstable angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI) (aged 40-60 years) were involved in the present study during their admission to Al- Sader Teaching Hospital / Al- Najaf Al- Ashraf. Age matched twenty two healthy men were included as control group. All blood samples were taken early morning from fasting subjects. Serum levels of iron and total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) were measured spectrophotometrically while unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), estimated total iron body stores (ETIBS), transferrrin saturation percentage (TS%) and transferrin concentration were calculated mathematically. Serum ferritin and MDA were measured using ELISA technique. Results: Results of the present study in general revealed that there is a mild state of iron overload in IHD patients in comparing with healthy control. The results of iron status showed significant increase (P<0.05) in all iron indices of IHD patients in comparing with healthy control group except TIBC and UIBC, which decrease significantly (P<0.05) in those patients in comparing with control group. Moreover, a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum ferritin and ETIBS was found in IHD patients compared with control group. Serum MDA is increased significantly in IHD patients as compared with control group. Conclusions: From the present study, it can be concluded that, iron status parameters showed be uses as a useful routine measures in IHD patients and iron stores in patients reveal a possible role of iron overload in the development of coronary atherosclerosis. MDA elevation in IHD patients indicating a possible role of oxidative stress processes in the pathophysiology of the heart diseases. Smoking has adverse effects on MDA and iron status leading, among many other known causes, to increase IHD risk.