Selma Merza Hasan Al-mousawy

Abstract: Introduction: Periodontitis is one of periodontal disease occur as a result to bacterial infection which associated with the accumulation of dental plaque. Gingival inflammation or Gingivitis is a non-destructive periodontal disease associated with redness, swelling and Most commonly, gingival inflammation is occurs in response to plaque accumulation on tooth surfaces. Gingival disease is multi factorial may related to environmental and genetic factors, as blood groups is considered as a genetic factors. Aim of study: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ABO blood grouping with type of Rh factor on plaque formation and gingivitis in orthodontic patient. Material and methods: The participant in this study were 100 patient, they were assessed after 3-4 months from the initiation of treatment to evaluate the reaction of different patient with different blood groups to the orthodontic treatment, all the patients wearing the same orthodontic appliance from the same company. The patients were subjected to two assessments to evaluate the plaque formation and gingival health (plaque formation and gingivitis). Result and discussion: The statistical analysis of the result regarding the gingival index show non-significant difference between the positive and negative blood group type, that’s mean the Rh factor has no effect on plaque formation and gingival inflammation (gingivitis). But there was significant difference between some different blood groups. It was found that blood group O have associated with gingivitis more than other groups in addition that there was significant difference between O and all other types of blood groups. There was significant difference between A group and AB type of blood group but non significant difference between A and B groups and also between B and AB. The difference between results of different studies may be attributed to the geographical area and the distribution of blood groups among different countries of the studies.

ABSTRACT : Growth modifying appliances are generally accustomed devices to treatment jaw discrepancy in growing patients. Their outcome strongly depends on proper identifying the site of the discrepancy i.e. whether the lower or upper jaw and whether related to skeletal or dental structures. Lateral cephalometric radiograph (LCR) is an essential diagnostic aids for patient with sagittal dysplasia to aid in treatment planning and monitor the progress of treatment. The aim of this retrospective audit is to investigate the effectiveness of the use of LCRs in the treatment planning of myofunctional and/or orthopedic appliances and to estimate if these radiographshad been used properly. The standard was set so that at least 90% of the cases should be based on cephalometric analysis before taking decision regarding treatment planning. Recordswere collectedfor 51 patients who were treated by myofunctional/orthopedic appliances in the orthodontic department at the College of Dentistry/Baghdad University in 2019.These recordshad been checked for LCR involvement, accuracy of cephalometric tracing and the impact of the result of tracing on treatment planning. Only 37% of cases got benefit from LCR on treatment planning while 31% of cases had no LCR in their records as well as 32% had LCR but with no any effect on treatment decision. Recommendations: Emphasizing on the concern of taking and analyzing cephalometric radiographs whenever there is a growth modifying appliance. Adequate knowledge of cephalometric tracing should be available before setting the treatment plan.

Abstract Fixed orthodontic appliances consider as a host for dental plaque accumulations which lead to subsequent gingivitis. O’Leary plaque index and gingival index by L?e and Silness of 60 repeated observations (before and after first stage of orthodontic treatment) which taken from 30 patients (13 male & 17 female) with age range (17-30) years old. According to ANOVA, there was highly significant difference in plaque index before and after treatment in both males (p value=0.00) and females (p value=0.00), but there was no gender difference in plaque index before and after treatment. The present study showed that there was highly significance difference in the gingival index before and after treatment in both males (p value=0.00) and females (p value=0.00). Plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation obviously increased in orthodontic patients, so good oral hygiene program must be followed during orthodontic treatment in order to overcome these side effects.

Abstract: Background: The aim of present study is to detect the prevalence of malocclusion in specific group aged between 12-17 years school children in Al-Najaf city of Iraq. Patient and methods: Cross sectional study composed of two groups that classified according to the gender into male and female groups, the study was done in randomly selected secondary school for male and others for female in Al-Najaf city, in the period between October, 2015 and May, 2016. Ten schools were randomly selected 788 females and 584 males were clinicaly examined aged between 12-17 years old. Results: The result shows Class I malocclusion was 88.04% according to Angle’s classification, whereas 8.03% show Class II Div.1, 1.31 % exhibit Class II Div. 2 and Class III malocclusion were present in 2.3%. Crowding was present in about 57%, While Excessive overjet, Negative overjet, anterior crossbites, Posterior crossbites show 16.1%, 3.4%, 10.34%, 12.68% respectively, Deep overbite were in 6.4%, Open bite in 2.9%, Median diastema were in 2.7%. Conclusion: Angle’s Class I malocclusion show maximum prevalence, followed by Angle’s Class II/1 and Class III, while Angle’s Class II/2 malocclusion shows the lowest percent of prevalence in secondary school of Al-Najaf. Keywords: malocclusion, prevalence, al-najaf.

Abstract: Background: Periodontitis (PD), the most common oral disease, is a destructive inflammatory disease of the teeth supporting tissues and is caused by group of specific microorganisms included: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetem-comedias and this condition is categorized by both destruction of connective tissue and alveolar bone due to a chronic inflammation. In periodontitis the clinical findings of bone resorption and the clinical attachment loss around the tooth are a result of inflammatory mediated alterations to remodeling balance of the bone. Material and Method: The samples consist of 60 female participants, 30 were in healthy condition (not suffering from systemic disease and not taking any medication) and 30 with rheumatoid arthritis, with age between (40-45) years. Periodontal status of the two groups was assessed by measuring the probing pocket depth, periodontal attachment loss, plaque index, calculus index and gingival index and salivary sample were collected after subjecting all participants for saliva stimulation and measuring the salivary PH and flow rate for them. Results: The rheumatoid arthritis(RA) group showed a highly significant difference in probing pocket depth(PPD), Plaque index(PI),gingival index(GI),calculus index(CAL.I) and loss of attachment(L.A) compared to Non-RA group, while there is significantly decrease in salivary flow rate among RA patients when compared to control groups and there is no significant difference in salivary PH between two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence of a highly significant relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease this may be due to the similar pathophysiology nature of both diseases. Key words: Periodental Diseases, Rheumatoid arthritis, loss of attachment, pocket depth, plaque index, calculus index,gingival index, salivary flow rate and PH.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Inflammation associated with insertion of orthodontic miniscrews (OMS) may lead to their failure, therefore inhibition of microbial buildup is preferable. Chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate has offered persistent, slow release of active chlorhexidine over time, and hence a good anti-microbial agent. Aims of study: To prepare and characterize CHX-HMP antimicrobial nanoparticle for coating and characterization of the stainless steel and titanium orthodontic miniscrews. Materials and Methods: Suspension of 5 mM CHX-HMP nanoparticles were prepared. The formulated suspension was subjected to examination by AFM and FTIR. Sterilized miniscrews were immersed in the prepared suspension for half a minute, then inserted in deionized water for 10 seconds to eliminate any unbound material and then left to dry in air for at least 1 hour. The OMSs were examined by using SEM and FeSEM. Results: The AFM micrographs displayed that the characterization of nanoparticles expressed a relative homogeneity in terms of particle size and in their topographical distribution with the regular shaped particles being well aligned vertically with mean particles size 45.2 nm. FTIR showed the presence of C=O bond in chlorhexidine digluconate and its absence in the mixed nanoparticles indicate the replacement of gluconate by hexametaphosphate. SEM and FeSEM showed that all coated OMS (stainless steel and titanium) revealed nanoparticles of spherical shape with perfect homogenous distribution with no agglomeration meaning that the coating of OMS with the prepared colloidal suspension have a good dispersion of nanoparticles. Conclusion: OMS could be coated with antimicrobial CXH-HMP nanoparticles to assist reducing infection associated with the insertion of OMS.