سيناء كاظم علي الحسيني

Researchers have consistently linked some TCF7L2 gene variations, such as rs7903146, rs12255372, and rs11255372, to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in numerous populations and ethnic groups. The goal of this study is to show if the TCF7L2 variations rs4506565 T/A is linked to T2DM in Iraqi Arab patients. For this purpose, a case-control study was conducted with 100 T2DM patients and 100 controls. The Tetra-Primer ARMS-PCR Technique was used to genotype TCF7L2 rs4506565 T/A, making use of newly-designed primers. The study concluded that the TCF7L2 gene polymorphism rs4506565 T/A shows no significant difference in genotypes in any of the codominant, dominant, over dominant, recessive, and additive models. The dominant model has a significance with age but no significance with other parameters.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a multifactorial, heterogenic disease with a complicated origin. T2DM has been linked to a significant number of genes throughout the last few decades. TCF7L2 gene is the first T2DM candidate gene found using genome-wide screening and positional cloning, and TCF7L2 gene has shown the highest relationship with T2DM among all identified genes to date. This study demonstrates the link between the gene and diabetes patients in Iraq. For this purpose, a case-control study with 100 T2DM patients and 100 controls has been conducted. Tetra-Primer ARMS-PCR Technique has been used to genotype TCF7L2 rs7903146. Statistical analyses have been carried out using SPSS version.20.0., the comparison of control and T2DM the heterozygous genotype (CT) in the codominant model shows OR=40.2333(95% CI: 6.0293 to 100.9850, P < 0.0001) in which there is an increased risk of T2DM about 40 folds in comparison with wild type (CC) after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. In addition, the (TT) in codominant model states the OR=17.7500(95% CI: (6.0051 to 52.4659), P < 0.0001) that increases the risk of T2DM about 17 folds in comparison with wild type (CC). The dominant model represents the comparison of control and T2DM shows CT+TT the OR=31.8021(95% CI: 13.4618 to 75.1291, P < 0.0001); hemce, there is an increased risk of T2DM about 31 folds in comparison with wild type. Over Dominant model represents CT with OR=13.9487 (95% CI: ( 6.8372 to 28.4569), P < 0.0001) in which there is an increased risk of T2DM about 13.9 folds in comparison with (CC+CT). Finally, the findings reveal that the TCF7L2 gene polymorphism (rs7903146) is linked to the risk of T2DM. Genotyping frequency of rs7903146 C/T among male and female demonstrates significant genotypes (T/T) and C/C with gender. These findings strongly suggest that the TCF7L2 gene polymorphism (rs7903146) plays a role in the development of T2DM in Iraqi Arab patients

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a multifactorial, heterogenic disease with a complicated origin. T2DM has been linked to a significant number of genes throughout the last few decades. TCF7L2 gene is the first T2DM candidate gene found using genome-wide screening and positional cloning, and TCF7L2 gene has shown the highest relationship with T2DM among all identified genes to date. This study demonstrates the link between the gene and diabetes patients in Iraq. For this purpose, a case-control study with 100 T2DM patients and 100 controls has been conducted. Tetra-Primer ARMS-PCR Technique has been used to genotype TCF7L2 rs7903146. Statistical analyses have been carried out using SPSS version.20.0., the comparison of control and T2DM the heterozygous genotype (CT) in the codominant model shows OR=40.2333(95% CI: 6.0293 to 100.9850, P < 0.0001) in which there is an increased risk of T2DM about 40 folds in comparison with wild type (CC) after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. In addition, the (TT) in codominant model states the OR=17.7500(95% CI: (6.0051 to 52.4659), P < 0.0001) that increases the risk of T2DM about 17 folds in comparison with wild type (CC). The dominant model represents the comparison of control and T2DM shows CT+TT the OR=31.8021(95% CI: 13.4618 to 75.1291, P < 0.0001); hemce, there is an increased risk of T2DM about 31 folds in comparison with wild type. Over Dominant model represents CT with OR=13.9487 (95% CI: ( 6.8372 to 28.4569), P < 0.0001) in which there is an increased risk of T2DM about 13.9 folds in comparison with (CC+CT). Finally, the findings reveal that the TCF7L2 gene polymorphism (rs7903146) is linked to the risk of T2DM. Genotyping frequency of rs7903146 C/T among male and female demonstrates significant genotypes (T/T) and C/C with gender. These findings strongly suggest that the TCF7L2 gene polymorphism (rs7903146) plays a role in the development of T2DM in Iraqi Arab patients

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a multifactorial, heterogenic disease with a complicated origin. T2DM has been linked to a significant number of genes throughout the last few decades. TCF7L2 gene is the first T2DM candidate gene found using genome-wide screening and positional cloning, and TCF7L2 gene has shown the highest relationship with T2DM among all identified genes to date. This study demonstrates the link between the gene and diabetes patients in Iraq. For this purpose, a case-control study with 100 T2DM patients and 100 controls has been conducted. Tetra-Primer ARMS-PCR Technique has been used to genotype TCF7L2 rs7903146. Statistical analyses have been carried out using SPSS version.20.0., the comparison of control and T2DM the heterozygous genotype (CT) in the codominant model shows OR=40.2333(95% CI: 6.0293 to 100.9850, P < 0.0001) in which there is an increased risk of T2DM about 40 folds in comparison with wild type (CC) after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. In addition, the (TT) in codominant model states the OR=17.7500(95% CI: (6.0051 to 52.4659), P < 0.0001) that increases the risk of T2DM about 17 folds in comparison with wild type (CC). The dominant model represents the comparison of control and T2DM shows CT+TT the OR=31.8021(95% CI: 13.4618 to 75.1291, P < 0.0001); hemce, there is an increased risk of T2DM about 31 folds in comparison with wild type. Over Dominant model represents CT with OR=13.9487 (95% CI: ( 6.8372 to 28.4569), P < 0.0001) in which there is an increased risk of T2DM about 13.9 folds in comparison with (CC+CT). Finally, the findings reveal that the TCF7L2 gene polymorphism (rs7903146) is linked to the risk of T2DM. Genotyping frequency of rs7903146 C/T among male and female demonstrates significant genotypes (T/T) and C/C with gender. These findings strongly suggest that the TCF7L2 gene polymorphism (rs7903146) plays a role in the development of T2DM in Iraqi Arab patients

Objective: Firstly To assess the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in obese men, and secondly to compare the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) of an 8-week exercise intervention on cardiovascular disease CVD risk factors. Design and Method: Trails comparing (HIIT) and (MICT) in obese men participants aged 42-52 years and subdivided to two groups: first group consisted from 30 individuals subjected to (HIIT) while the second group comprised from 30 volunteers subjected to (MICT). Participants performed 12 weeks of exercise consisting of 30 min of exercise five times a week, and all parameters were repeated following the 12-weeks Result: Both HIIT and MICT elicited significant (p < 0.05) reduction in body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), metabolic characteristics such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin and lipids variables, as well as improving in insulin sensitivity and blood pressure, in addition to there were significant decline in c- reactive protein (CRP) in study groups after 12- weeks exercise intervention. The present results show an inverse relationship between the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and body mass index and observed the activity of this enzyme at baseline was less than those in HIIT and MICT, in addition to the activity of this enzyme In individuals with HIIT group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the value in those with MICT group. Conclusion: There is much information about the impact of physical activity on reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This information derives from different population groups where sedentary then, physical activity reduced the risk of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular mortality in patients have one or more from CVD risk factors. Present study have shown that reduction in large risk factors CVD can be achieved by moderate or intense physical activity. The risk factors of CVD included: obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure.

Herein, we describe a simple spectrophotometric method for the measurement of peroxiredoxin activity and demonstrate reproducibility, accuracy, and precision. In these experiments, peroxiredoxin activity was measured by incubating enzyme samples with phosphate buffer solution containing suitable concentrations of the substrates 1,4-dithio-DL-threitol (DTT) and hydrogen peroxide. Titanium sulfate was added to stop enzyme reactions, and subsequent reactions with residual hydrogen peroxide produced pertitanic acid, which was spectrophotometrically measured at 405 nm. Advantages of this method are including the elimination of catalase interference and allowing application of this method to all types of biological tissues. The peroxiredoxin assay is simple and can be completed with few additions. The method is precise, with coefficients of variation of 2.93% within runs and 5.4% between runs. Data from the present peroxiredoxin assay were strongly correlated with those from the ferrous oxidation–xylenol orange (FOX) method (r = 0.9835)