sama safaa Abd-alameer Alkhalaf

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterium that causes serious illnesses, including pneumonia, liver abscess, meningitis, bloodstream infections, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to isolate and diagnose K. pneumoniae from clinical specimens of urine from patients with UTIs and perform molecular detection of the blaSHV-la gene in K. pneumonia in the Najaf Province, Iraq. The study included 100 clinical specimens from October 2021 to March 2022. As an initial diagnosis, K. pneumoniae isolates were diagnosed based on culture and biochemical features. Apart from the usage of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology to identify the blaSHV-la gene, the final diagnostic was achieved by the automated Vitek-2 compact system. The biochemical findings revealed that 40 out of every 100 isolates tested positive for K. pneumoniae. These results were validated by Vitek, which revealed that 40/100 of the samples tested positive for K. pneumoniae, and by PCR utilizing the blaSHV-la gene, which showed that 13/40 of the samples tested positive for K. pneumoniae isolated from the urine of patients with UTIs. In conclusion, the results indicated that the use of the Vitek-2 technique was required to confirm the accurate identification of the pathogen. Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates showed multidrug resistance to antibiotics commonly used to treat UTIs. The blaSHV gene encoded for Extended-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic was found almost in K. pneumoniae isolates.

Ebola virus causes disease, previously known as the hemorrhagic fever, is a menace routinely lethal sickness triggered by infection per the Filoviridae family's Ebola virus. The Ebola virus (EBOV) is feast by commerce by means of the blood or bodily fluids of someone who has contracted or died from EVD, as well as contaminated things like as needles, animals that was infected, otherwise bush meat. EVD takes two days to three weeks’ incubation period then an rushed inception devoid of the need for a carrier status. A flu-like syndrome is characterized by a rapid onset of high fever, chills, and myalgia, among other clinical signs. It's generally identified by a combination of clinical symptoms, including start of disease, high fevers lasting fewer than 3 weeks, and as a minimum 2 hemorrhagic symptoms in spite of no predisposing causes. This is usually enough evidence for physicians to suspect EHF and start supportive therapy until test findings confirm the virus. Patients first show with nonspecific influenza similar symptoms before succumbing to shock and several organ failures. severe bleeding problems and several organ failures are the leading causes of death. For the reason that there is presently not any conventional rehabilitation for EVD, this one is perilous to minimize contagion and the virus's transmission. Supportive treatment for patients includes maintaining fluid balance, electrolyte balance, hypertension, and oximetry, beside that treatment consequences arise after secondary infections. This review gives a comprehensive summary of the Ebola virus.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa individuals whom is resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR) are becoming increasingly prevalent, posing a major public health risk. Infections by P. aeruginosa are hard to treatment those because its inherent resistance toward several antibiotics (b-lactam and also penem antibiotics) besides these bacteria have ability to obtain additional resistance mechanisms to multiple classes of antibiotics. In the direction of maintain genetic flexibility, many techniques were utilized in the molecular process. The most frequent strategies employed by microorganisms to preserve their viability include development of biofilm, quorum sensing, plus transfer of gene. Such genetic flexibility gives a variety of advantages, including a favorable environment for growth and survival in the face of antibiotic stress. This review focuses on Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance mechanisms and treatment alternatives.

diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs ) are an inflammatory disease caused by a bacterial infection such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), provided with genetic virulence factors. This study aims to detect KPC and CTX-M genes of P. aeruginosa isolated from chronic DFU patients

The body, in its natural state, can compensate for the fluids it loses by drinking quantities of water and fluids of all kinds in proportion to the quantities lost from its body. However, there are cases that require replacement of lost fluids from the body, so members of the medical staff resort to compensating for lost fluids from the body through fluids. Prepared in advance to cover the needs of people, each according to his health status