saif ali Mahmoud alkassar

ABSTRACT Background: Arabic gum is a soluble fiber that acts as a natural prebiotic and can be fermented by intestinal bacteria. This characteristic can enhance broiler growth, blood biomarkers, and carcass traits. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Arabic gum (AG) on growth performance traits, carcass characteristics, blood biochemistry, cecal microbial load, and economic efficiency in Ross 308 broilers raised under a small-scale production system. Methods: Five treatment groups were randomly assigned, with each group consisting of 6 replicates of 15 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks, totaling 450 chicks. The first group served as the control (CON) and received only the basal diet, whereas the second, third, fourth, and fifth groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.0% AG, respectively. The experiment was continued until 42 days of age. Results: Supplementation with AG at all levels, especially a level of 1.0% AG, significantly (p < 0.05) improved live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and performance index. Carcass traits were also significantly enhanced (p < 0.05), and carcass, breast, and thigh yields were significantly increased, whereas bursa percentage decreased. Blood biochemical parameters were markedly improved; the AG-treated groups exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA, and IgY), antioxidant enzymes, and liver enzymes compared with the CON group, along with reduced urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde levels. AG also significantly (p < 0.05) altered cecal microbiota; the 1.0% group showed the highest total bacterial counts and Lactobacillus populations. Conclusion: AG supplementation in broiler diets may improve intestinal flora, immunity, antioxidant activity, and overall productivity. Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, Blood biochemistry, Carcass traits, Cecal microbiota, Feed conversion ratio.

ABSTRACT Background: Growing populations around the world are driving up the demand for broilers, so the poultry industry must maintain standards for food safety and quality. The threat of antibiotic resistance to health has prompted the adoption of organic feed additives aimed at boosting immunity and production. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of peppermint leaf and stem powder on broiler growth, meat quality, blood biomarker indices, liver, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Methods: At one day of age, 360 unsexed broiler chicks of the Ross 308 strain were used in the study. The birds were allocated into six groups, each with 60 birds, and each group had three replicates (20 birds per replicate). The first group served as a positive control, receiving a basal diet supplemented with antibiotics and antioxidants, and the second group was a negative control, consisting of birds that received only a basal diet. Peppermint powder (Pep) was added at four different levels (0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45%, and 0.60%) to the basal diet in the remaining four treatments. Results: The addition of Pep improved growth performance significantly (p < 0.05), according to statistical analysis. In particular, the addition of Pep at a level of 0.60%/kg diet resulted in the highest body weight gain (2058.1g) and lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.43) compared to other treatments. Moreover, Pep treatments significantly decreased (p < 0.05) total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels by 135.6, 116.39, and 45.03 mg/dl, respectively, whereas high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly increased (110.10 mg/dl). In addition, all Pep treatments reduced the levels of liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase to 92.60, 2.49, and 111.21 U/dl, respectively, and led to a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, especially when Pep was used at 0.45% and 0.60%. Conclusion: Using Pep as a natural feed additive improves the growth performance traits (weight gain, FI, FCR, and carcass traits) and blood profile of broilers. In addition, it is a natural alternative to synthetic antibiotics and antioxidants. Keywords: Phytogenic feed additives, Antioxidants, Blood characteristics, Broiler performance, Peppermint.

المحتويات ت عنوان الفصل الصفحة المقدمة 1 1 الوضع الحالي والمستقبلي للأعلاف عالميا 2 - 9 2 التقييم الاقتصادي لصفات الاعلاف الحيوانية الناتجة من المحاصيل المعدلة وراثيا 10- 27 3 كيمياء كربوهيدرات الأعلاف المستخدمة في علائق الدواجن 28 - 47 4 كيمياء بروتين الاعلاف المستخدمة في علائق الدواجن 48 - 64 5 جداول التحليل الكيميائي للمواد العلفية الشائعة في تركيب علائق الدواجن 65 - 179 6 كيمياء دهون الاعلاف المستخدمة في تركيب علائق الدواجن 180 - 197 7 كيمياء العناصر النادرة العضوية وغير العضوية المستخدمة في علائق الدواجن 198 - 204 8 مسارات هضم العناصر الغذائية داخل جسم الدواجن 205 - 210 9 التحليل الكيميائي التقريبي للمواد العلفية مختبريا 211 - 233 10 كيمياء الفيتامينات المستخدمة في اعلاف الدواجن واعراض نقصها 234 - 257 المصادر 258 - 264 الملاحق 265 - 284

ن مبدأ التعاون العلمي بين الجامعات العراقية تم الانتهاء من تأليف كتاب جديد للأستاذ الدكتور نهاد عبد اللطيف علي التدريسي في كلية الزراعة جامعة القاسم الخضراء قسم الانتاج الحيواني بعنوان (الاحتياجات الغذائية العضوية للدواجن) وهو تاليف مشترك مع اساتذة من جامعة الكوفة /كلية الطب البيطري لعام 2023. الكتاب مؤلف من عشرة فصول ومعزز بطرق عرض للبيانات الاحصائية لمختلف طرق العرض وفيه جداول على اساس تحليل الاعلاف الخضراء وما تتضمنها من طاقة وبروتين ومعادن والياف ودهن (وهذه غير مالوفة في كتب التغذية التي تعتمد عادة على المواد الجافة كما في توصيات مجلس البحوث الامريكي).وتطرق الكتاب الى مصطلح جديد وهو المضادات الحيوية العضوية والدواء العضوي وتم طرح مفاهيم جديدة لمعايير معنى الغذاء العضوي باسلوب يتناقض مع المعايير الامريكية والاوربية والصينية بفرضيات غذائية عن إمكانية انشاء صناعة اعلاف جديدة اسمها صناعة الاعلاف العضوية لتنبثق من العراق نحو العالم وفق المعايير الجديدة لضمان اعلى نسبة صحة وامان للمستهلك للحوم وبيض كل انواع الدواجن بما فيها الديك الرومي والبط والوز والسمان وليس فروج اللحم ودجاج البيض فقط. اما الدجاج (المحلي) العراقي فكان نصيبه فصلا كاملا ويستحق وعن جدارة وبتحدي ان يكون نواة للدجاج العضوي(لحم او بيض عضوي) لانه ثنائي الغرض بأمتياز.

لكتاب يهتم باخلاقيات المهنة وكيفية التعامل مع الطيور الداجنة واهم الاجهزة الداخلية للطير ذات العلاقة بسلوك الطيور كذلك العوامل الفسلجية والبيئية والوراثية المؤثرة على سلوكيات الطيور من ناحية التغذية والتزاوج والتكاثر وانتاج البيض وسلوكيات الهجرة والرقاد على البيض ..وقد تضمن الكتاب اخر قوانين جمهورية العراق المتعلقة بصيد الطيور وضوابطه..الكتاب ملون في جميع صفحاته..وحاليا منشور في موقع النيل والفرات دوت كوم لمن يرغب شرائه

Abstract This experiment was conducted in the poultry farm of veterinary medicine college, University of Kufa . The purpose of this study was evaluated the effect of Rovabio multienzyme. With five levels (0.125,0.250,0.375,0.500%) on the productivity and physiological characteristics of the 300 bird (Ross-308). With 40 ± 2 g initial body weight at day one. A completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications were fed experimental diets included, (1) basal diet no enzymes (control),( 2) basal diet + 1.25 kg/ton enzymes, (3). Basal diet +2.5 kg/ton enzyme, (4) basal diet + 3.75 kg/ton enzyme, (T5) basal diet+5 kg/ton enzyme. The diets of all groups were formulated in an isonitrogeous and isoenergetic diet based on wheat/barley. Data on feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, were collected for 3 periods starter (1-21d), finisher (22-42 d), and total (1-42 d). Carcass characters. Biochemical & hematocrit parameters were collected for end total period (42d). Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) among different experimental diets for weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The lowest feed consumption and weight gain were observed in control group while the highest were obtained in groups that fed with multi enzyme supplementation. Also, poor feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in control group and best FCR (lowest) were in groups that were fed multi enzymes. In carcass traits no differences (P>0.05) between groups were observed. Adding enzyme increased the concentration of blood HDL and decreased triglyceride, cholesterol and VLDL at 42 d of age. Results from this experiment suggest that multi enzyme supplementation can improve broiler performance. Key words : Enzymes, wheat, physiological and broiler.