Saif Ali Hussein Ali

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to identify the values ​​of some biokinematic variables of the forehand volley in tennis and padel, as well as to identify some biokinematic variables of the tennis forehand volley skill and their relationship to the speed of learning the forehand volley skill in padel. The researchers hypothesized that there is a correlation between some biokinematic variables of the tennis forehand volley skill and their relationship to the speed of learning the forehand volley skill in padel. The researchers used the descriptive approach due to its suitability to the nature and problem of the research. They selected the most important biokinematic variables under investigation in the performance of the forehand volley skill in tennis and padel. The researchers reached the most important results: a significant correlation between some biomechanical variables of tennis and padel for the forehand volley skill, as well as a correlation between some biokinematic variables of the tennis forehand volley skill and the speed of learning the forehand volley skill in padel.

The purpose of this paper is to designing assistive devices based on mechanical principles, developing specific exercises based on mechanical principles for the forehand stroke learning process, and identifying the values ​​of some kinematic variables of the forehand stroke. The researchers used the experimental method because it suited the nature of the problem. The researchers identified the research community as third-year students at the University of Kufa, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, consisting of two sections (A, B), numbering (60) students, with (30) students for each section. A sample of (12) students was selected from each section using a simple random method (lottery) to represent the research sample. Thus, the sample percentage was (40%) of the research community. Section (A) represented the experimental group, and Section (B) represented the control group. One of the most important results reached by the researcher is that: Exercises using assistive devices, based on mechanical principles, contributed to the development of tennis forehand skill, as they included the use of learning auxiliary tools. One of the most important recommendations recommended by the researchers is that: The necessity of using assistive devices based on mechanical principles in teaching curricula for teaching tennis skill performance.

The purpose of this paper is to identify some biokinematic variables related to the elbow joint angle at the moment of striking, the height of the starting point at the moment of striking, the angle of the starting point at the moment of striking, the height of the center of body mass at the moment of striking, and the ball's launch velocity at the moment of striking, as well as their relationship to the accuracy of students' forehand and backhand strokes. The researcher used the descriptive-analytical approach due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The research sample included (24) third-year students from the University of Kufa, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Variables were extracted using the Kinovea program. After presenting, analyzing, and discussing the results, the researcher reached the following conclusions: There is a significant correlation between the variables of the elbow joint angle at the moment of striking and accuracy in the forehand stroke, there is a significant correlation between the height of the starting point at the moment of striking and accuracy in the forehand stroke, and there is a significant correlation between the variable of the ball's launch velocity at the moment of striking and accuracy in the forehand stroke. One of the most important recommendations recommended by the researchers is that: Emphasize increasing elbow extension to increase ball speed for forehand and backhand strokes, and emphasize hitting the ball at belt level to generate high speed and accuracy.

Abstract The use of various exercises and the involvement of sports equipment and tools in raising the capabilities and vital motor capabilities had a positive and economic impact in improving the athlete's efficiency to reach higher levels related to learning and training, as it diagnoses and compares movements because it depends on accurate measurement to show the technical details of performance in its correct form, through the experience of researchers being Tennis specialists, as well as following many official matches inside and outside Iraq, note that there is an apparent slowdown in reaching the ball in time in the skill of the shot, which leads to losing many points and thus losing the match. The researcher believes that the reason for this is that the majority of coaches do not use innovative modern equipment during their training for that skill, in addition to the lack of sufficient focus on developing the flying strike skill, which makes the player play in the backline and not climb into the net to avoid losing the point, allowing the player to the opponent returns the ball without any difficulty. The research objectives were to prepare qualitative exercises with a device designed to develop flying strikes and identify the effect of qualitative exercises with a device designed to develop the flying strike in tennis

Abstract: The use of various exercises and the involvement of sports equipment and tools in raising the bio-kinetic capabilities and capabilities had a positive and economic impact on improving the athlete’s efficiency to reach higher levels. It is related to learning and training as it diagnoses and compares movements because it adopts accurate measurement to show the technical details of performance in its proper form. Through the researcher’s experience being one of the tennis players and a coach now, as well as observing many official matches inside and outside Iraq, he noticed that there is an apparent slowness in reaching the ball at the right time in the skill of volley, which leads to losing many points and thus losing the match. The researcher believes The reason for this is that the majority of coaches do not use innovative modern equipment during their training for that skill, in addition to that, the lack of sufficient focus on the speed of the motor response to reach the ball in the right time, which makes the player play in the backline and not climb into the net to avoid losing the point, which allows the opposing player to return the ball without any difficulty. The research objectives were to prepare qualitative exercises with a device designed to develop the speed of the motor response and to identify the effect of qualitative exercises with a device designed to develop the speed of the motor response. Conclusions: The researchers concluded that there is an effect of the exercises accompanying the proposed device in developing the speed of the motor response for tennis players, that the proposed device helps in the process of measuring the speed of the motor response and helps in training to develop the speed of the motor response