أ. د. سحر محمود جواد الجمالي

Current study was directed in AL- ameen center for research and advanced biotechnologies and the Faculty of science / branch of Natural science / animal dynasty, and 49 male albino rats be appropriate to the Sprague Dawley rinsing were charity. They assessed 200-245 g, and were distributed into seven clusters, 7 males in every cluster. The main encompassed regulator cluster that was verbally medicated with aqua of physiological salt 0.9% sodium chloride . The another cluster was vaccinated dermally with alloxan 100 mg/kg. The next and final clusters were orally administrated with terpene extract at the two concentrations (150,300) mg/kg respectively. The fifth and sixth clusters were vaccinated with alloxan 100 mg/kg, and then was orally dosed with terpene extract 150 and 300 mg/kg respectively. The last cluster was vocally acquiesced to the amyral solution 0.1 mg/kg after being inje

This practical studying involved preparation and development of new medical derivatives of ciprofloxacin drug via series of chemical reactions to preparation new derivatives to resist types of bacteria in hospitals and environment.Various chemical routes have been used to prepare ciprofloxacin derivatives ,then all these derivatives reconnoitered with many spectral chemical techniques for instance (FT.IR ,H.NMR ,C.NMR )–spectrophotometric ,then studying of their effects on bacterial pollution.

The study was conducted to evaluate the possible protective effects of alcoholic extract ofthe pomegranate peels against the Erythromycin antibiotic. The study was performed in the animal house of the Department of Biology, College of Education for Girls, University of Kufa, by following (20) Albino male rats from the (Sprague Dawley) strain, which was divided into four groups and each group consists of five males, that weighted between (200-250)g, and the first group was the control group that was orally given physiological solution(0.9%), while the second group was administrated the antibiotic Erythromycin at a concentration of (500) mg / Kg orally, and the third group, it was treated with alcoholic extract of the pomegranate peels with a concentration of (400) mg / kg + Erythromycin with a concentration of (500) mg / kg orallytoo. The last group was orallysubmitted to the alcoholic extract of the

The current study was conducted in the College of Education for Girls/ department of Biology/ animal house,50 male albino rats belonging to the Sprague Dawley strain were used. They weighed 180-228 g, and were divided into 7 groups, 5 males in each group. The first included control group that was orally dosed with a solution of physiological salt 0.9% NaCl. The second group was injected subcutaneously with alloxan 120 mg/kg. The third and fourth groups were orally administrated with astaxanthin extract at the two concentrations 250-500 mg/kg respectively. The fifth and sixth groups were injected with alloxan 120 mg/kg, and then was orally dosed with astaxanthin extract 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. The last group was orally submitted to the amyral

To appraise the association of VDR FokI and TaqI polymorphisms with diabetic nephropathy patients, a total of 60 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled in the recent paper, as well as 17 healthy men as a control. The patients have been divided according to the albumin/creatinine ratio (Normo albuminuria, micro-albuminuria, and macro-albuminuria,). ARMS PCR was used to diagnose the genotypes and allele frequencies of FokI "rs10735810*" and TaqI "rs731236*". The results indicated that FF, Ff and TT, Tt genotype were significantly higher in patients with T2DM than the control (OD=3.375, p=0.001), (OD=4.333, p=0.001), (OD=4.222, p=0.001), and (OD=2.833, p=0.025) respectively. Moreover, the results showed a notable increase of FF, Ff, and TT, Tt genotypes in the patients with micro-albuminuria and macro-albuminuria when compared with patients of normo albuminuria, (p=0.002), (p=0.005), (p=0.001), (p=0.010) respectively. The current outcomes propose that the F allele of FokI and T allele of TaqI polymorphisms in the VDR gene are associated with a higher risk of T2DM and nephropathy stages. Futhermore, the FokI and TaqI can be used as vital markers to predict the risk of complications of diabetes mellitus especially nephropathy.

This study was carried out in the animal house laboratories of the Department of biology in the Faculty of Education for Girls / University of Kufa from 1/6/2018 until 1/8/2018, for the purpose of demonstrating the possible preventive effects of vitamin C against skeletal malformations in embryos in pregnancy for 20 days (prenatal) and postnatal newborns respectively for pregnant female rats that treated with indomethacin with a concentration of 8.40 mg / kg. In the current study, 40 female rats (aged 12 weeks) with a mean weight of (135.5 g) were employed and 40 fertile males with age (12 weeks). The females were placed with males for matting, and after obtaining the required number of pregnant female rats, which were divided into (4) main groups, each group contained 10 pregnant female rats. The first group was treated with normal saline that was represented the control group, while the second group was administrated indomethacin drug with a concentration of 8.40 mg / kg only, whereas the third group was subjected to vitamin C with concentration of 85 mg / kg only, and the fourth group was submitted to vitamin C with concentration of 85 mg / kg + indomethacin drug with a concentration of 8.40 mg / kg. Moreover, all the females in the four groups were orally administrated with a special administration tube(gavage) from the first day of pregnancy until delivery and by a dose every day, (5 ) female rats were explained during pregnancy for 20 days(prenatal) , while the remaining (5 ) female rats were left in each major group to postpartum, the weights of prenatal fetuses and neonatal were measured, as well as skeletal structures(bone skeletons) of prenatal fetuses and postnatal were cleared for studying the structural skeletal changes and abnormalities. The results of this study showed that there was a significant decrease (P <0.05) in body weights of the fetuses during pregnancy for (20) days (prenatal)and postpartum births in the groups that treated with indomethacin drug with a concentration of 8.40 mg / kg in compared to the control groups , groups that treated with vitamin C at a concentration of 85 mg / kg only and with vitamin C at a concentration of 85 mg / kg + indomethacin drug with a concentration of 8.40 mg / kg respectively , while there was a significant increase (P <0.05) in body weights of the fetus during pregnancy for (20) days (prenatal)and postpartum births in groups that treated with vitamin C with a concentration of 85 mg / kg and with vitamin C at a concentration of 85 mg / kg + indomethacin drug with a concentration of 8.40 mg / kg when compared with the control groups, on the other hands the results did not show any significant differences (P> 0.05) between these two groups. Also, the findings of present study pointed to a significant decrease (p <0.05) in the lengths of the body, front and hind limbs, and length of the tails of the fetuses during pregnancy for (20) days (prenatal)and postpartum births in the groups that administrated with indomethacin drug with a concentration of 8.40 mg / kg when compared with the control groups and groups that treated with vitamin C with a concentration of 85 mg / kg, as well as the groups of vitamin C with a concentration of 85 mg / kg + indomethacin drug with a concentration of 8.40 mg/kg respectively .

Most recent studies have focused on the effects of drugs, various antibiotics ,toxins, , heavy metals and other chemical compounds which have detrimental effects on the liver and kidneys that which stimulate the oxidative stress and excessive production of different types of free radicals represented hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide that leading to discourage or disrupt the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in the body cells, in addition to different changes in the chemical compositions of nucleic acids , protein compounds and effectiveness of liver enzymes, which is one of the most important evidence of hepatotoxicity, as well as those toxic radicals cause mesenchymal shrinking in the renal glomerulus and low rates of glomerular filtration subsequently , therefore, this study was aimed to use plant extract with high content of antioxidants which may show protective effect to the hepatic and renal tissues from Gentamicin toxicity . This study was conducted in the "Faculty of Education for girls"-Biology departments' animal house, and including follow up (20) male laboratory rats of (Sprague Dawley) strain were divided into four groups, each group comprised five males, first group a control group, which was orally given 0.9% physiological solution, and second group was injected with Gentamicin antibiotic 80 mg/kg intraperitoneally, while the third group was treated with Gentamicin 80 mg/kg intraperitoneally, + alcoholic extract of red cabbage 100 mg/kg orally, concern to the final group, was only given red cabbage extract 100 mg/kg orally .Moreover, the treatments of study were once daily and continued for fifteen consecutive days.The current study included recording of the total animal body weight before and after trial, the relative weight of liver and kidneys of animals after the end of experiment, in addition, the evaluation of some biochemical parameters such as: effectiveness of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST). Furthermore, levels of creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH), besides the histological sections of both liver and kidney. The analysis of data of the present investigation showed the following results: there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the total body weight at antibiotic injecting group in compared with the control group and the other groups ofstudy, contrarily the animals that injected with Gentamicin showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in the relative weights of liver, right and left kidneys when compared with the other males in the control group and other groups of the current experiment,. As well as, the findings revealed a significant elevation (P < 0.05) in effectiveness of AST,ALT and ALP in the group that was injected with Gentamicinintraperitoneallywhen compared with control group and the other studying groups, in addition ,there was a notable increase (P < 0.05) in the levels of creatinine , urea ,and ( MDA) in males that treatment with Gentamicin when compared with the control group and other experimental groups , otherwise a remarkable decrease (P < 0.05) in the level of (GSH) was diagnosed in themale rats that treated with antibiotic when compared with all other groups of this study.Conversely, the group that treated with extract only, was recorded an observable increase (P < 0.05)in the total body weight and GSH level unlike other groups of study.The study concluded that alcoholic extract of red cabbage exerted protective influences to the hepatic and renal tissuesagainst the toxicity of Gentamicin antibiotic at dose of 80mg/kg because of its potent content of antioxidants.

This study wasperformedin the Labs of the Animal House in the Department of Biology/ Faculty of Education for Girls / University of Kufa from the period 1/2/2018 to 1/7/2018.Forty female adult rats with average weight of 135.5 g and 12 weeks,and forty fertile maleratswith age of 12 weeks .As for the purpose of obtaining pregnant rats females,the fertilemale rats were placed with female rats for matting, and then (40) pregnant female ratswere divided into two main groups,eachof them was consisted of (20) pregnant female ratsdivided into four subgroups, each subgroup was contained5 pregnant females,all pregnantfemale ratswere orally treated with one dose daily from the first day of pregnancy until the birth,thenthe pregnantfemale rats in first main group were dissected inday(20) of pregnancy for obtaining of prenatal embryos,while thepregnantfemale rats in second main group were remained until the birth for obtaining postnatal newborns. Moreover, prenatal embryos atday (20)of pregnancyand postnatal newborns were dissected for obtaining the kidneys (left and right),weights of these kidneys were measured, andthen the histological sections of these kidneyswere prepared. The results of the study showed a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the weights of the kidneys (left and right) of embryos in day (20) of pregnancy (prenatal) and postpartum newbornsin the groups that treated with indomethacinat a concentration of 8.40 mg / kg when compared with the control groupsand the other groups that administrated with vitamin C at a concentration of 85 mg / kg,as well as with vitamin C at a concentration of 85 mg / kg + indomethacin at a concentration of 8.40 mg / kg respectively,whereasthe experimental groups that subjected to vitamin C at a concentration of 85 mg / kg,and with vitamin C at a concentration of 85 mg / kg + indomethacin at a concentration of 8.40 mg / kg were indicated a significant increase (P <0.05) in the weights of the kidneys (left and right) of the embryos in day (20)of pregnancy (prenatal) and postpartum newborns in compared to the control groups,converselythere was no notablechanges (P> 0.05) between them.

Benzothiazole Derivative is one of the important classes of fused cycles -compounds due to these moieties can use as a subunit in great numbers of drug design. For this, the present work focused on preparation six compounds with some derivatives and esterification steps for some of them, then, the investigation of derivatives carried out via many technical like (FT.IR, H.NMR, Some of them by Mass spectra )– spectrophotometric, then inhibition test of derivatives on bacteria.

The current study was designed to assess the probable preventive influences of extract of Ajwa fruits on the renal functional performance and some biochemical parameters of the blood, so this investigation was performed in the Biology department animal house/Faculty of Education for Girls. Sixty male Albino rats of Sprague–Dawley were equally divided into four groups, each group was comprised fifteen males :the first group was(the control),that orally submitted to 0.9% normal saline solution, the second group was intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg/kg of Gentamicin, the third group was subjected to 1 mg/kg of Ajwa fruits alcoholic extract orally+80 mg/kg of Gentamicin antibiotic intraperitoneally, the last group was orally treated with Ajwa dates alcoholic extract (1mg/kg). The treatments of all laboratory animals were one time at day and continued for three weeks. Regarding the statistical analysis of study, there was a noticeable decline in the levels of erythropoietin hormone, total protein, albumin, as well as reduced glutathione(GSH) in serum, in the opposite, urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum were significantly raised at the group that intraperitoneally injected with Gentamicin when compared with the other groups of the experiment, the other groups, that orally given Ajwa fruits extract +gentamicin antibiotic, and the extract of Ajwa dates only, no differences were noted in these criteria in compared with control group

The current investigation has been performed in the animal house of (Biology department) that belonged to the Faculty of Education for "Girls" to evaluate the possible improvable impacts of Broccoli alcoholic extract on regression of the functional performance of hepatocytes and the oxidative stressparameters that induced by Augmentin antibiotic, soforty males of laboratory rats were related to(Sprague – Dawley) strain used in the this study, divided into four treated groups equally, the first wascontrol(normal group),therefore orally treated with normal saline (0.9% solution),and the second group was administrated with625 mg/kg of Augmentin orally, as well as the third group was orally given100mg/kg of Broccoli alcoholic extract + Augmentin625 mg/kg, in addition tothe forth group that was receivedBroccoli alcoholic extract 100mg/kg orally .Moreover, the treatments of this study had been continued for seven days(one week)at once daily.Concern to the complete statistical analysis for the findingsof the present study,there was a significant elevation in the effectiveness of hepatic enzymes, and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as total bilirubin levels,whilethe level of reduced glutathione(GSH) was notably decreased in the experimental group that was orally subjected to the Augmentin antibiotic when compared with the other groups of study .On the other hand, the two groups that submitted to Broccoli alcoholic

Most recent studies have focused on the effects of drugs, various antibiotics ,toxins, , heavy metals and other chemical compounds which have detrimental effects on the liver and kidneys that which stimulate the oxidative stress and excessive production of different types of free radicals represented hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide that leading to discourage or disrupt the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in the body cells, in addition to different changes in the chemical compositions of nucleic acids , protein compounds and effectiveness of liver enzymes, which is one of the most important evidence of hepatotoxicity, as well as those toxic radicals cause mesenchymal shrinking in the renal glomerulus and low rates of glomerular filtration subsequently , therefore, this study was aimed to use plant extract with high content of antioxidants which may show protective effect to the hepatic and renal tissues from Gentamicin toxicity . This study was conducted in the "Faculty of Education for girls"-Biology departments' animal house, and including follow up (20) male laboratory rats of (Sprague Dawley) strain were divided into four groups, each group comprised five males, first group

Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is particularly useful for treating infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. However, gentamicin is associated with serious adverse effects, most commonly ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, which limit its practical use in the clinical environment. Gentamicin is also known to cause infertility in humans and animals, which may be related to increased oxidative stress. Date palm fruits are rich in nutritive and bioactive compounds, including antioxidants, and are recognized for their healthbenefits. In the present study, we investigated the potential protective activity of Ajwa date extract on the reproductive functions of male mice treated with gentamicin. Sixty BALB/c male mice were divided equally into four groups. The control group was given normal saline orally. The gentamycin group was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.)with 80 mg/kg gentamicin. The Ajwa group was given 1 mg/kg of Ajwa date extract orally. The gentamicin + Ajwa group was given 1 mg/kg Ajwa date extract orally and injected (i.p.) with 80 mg/kg gentamicin. All groups were treated once daily for 34 days. The animals were then sacrificed, and multiple parameters were measured to assess the male reproductive functions. Compared with mice from the control group, the gentamicin group exhibited significantly reduced body and reproductive organ weight, and pathological alterations in the reproductive organs, including a reduction in the diameter of the seminiferous and epididymal tubules, and in the height of the epididymalepithelial cells. Furthermore, sperm parameters, including sperm concentration in the epididymis and sperm viability, were also negatively affected by gentamicin treatment. Importantly, these alterations were associated with increased oxidative stress, as shown by the reduced level of the antioxidant glutathione and the increased level of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde. Histological analyses also revealed signs of cell deaths during spermatogenesis and decreased numbers of Leydig cells. The latter likely explained the reduced testosterone levels observed and contributed to the adverse effects of gentamicin. Remarkably, Ajwa date extract alleviated all recorded adverse effects of gentamycin on the male reproductive functions in gentamicin-treatedmice. Although further investigation is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved, we propose that the antioxidants and other nutritive and bioactive compounds in Ajwa date extract acted synergistically to prevent or protect against the adverse effects of gentamicin. Future studies will enable further purification and analysis of these compounds and help develop novel treatments to counteract the adverse effects of gentamicin.

The present study designed to investigate the possible efficacy of alcoholic extract of Ajwa fruit to prevent the hepatotoxicity and retrogression of the lipid profile that may be induced by OchratoxinA .This study was carried out in the animal house of Biology department – Faculty of Education for Girls ,forty male rats of strain ( Sprague – Daw ley ) were equally divided into four groups , the control ( first group ) was orally treated with 0.9% of normal saline solution , second group was also orally administrated with Ochratoxin A ( 289 μg / kg ) , the third group was orally received alcoholic extract of Ajwa dates ( 1 mg / kg ) + 289 μg / kg of Ochratoxin A respectively , while the fourth group was subjected to 1 mg / kg of Ajwa dates alcoholic extract + Ochratoxin A at the concentration of 289 μg / kg orally . The treatment of the four groups was once daily for the period of five days weekly. The statistical analysis for the results of present study has been showed a noticeable rise ( P< 0.05 ) in the levels of total cholesterol , triglycerides , low density lipoproteins ( LDL ) very density lipoproteins ( VLDL ) , total bilirubin , whereas a significant reduction ( P< 0.05 ) was revealed in the high density lipoprotein (HDL ) and glutathione levels in the experimental group of laboratory animals that submitted to Ochratoxin A in compared with the other groups of study .With regard to the histological examination for the liver sections of rats that treated with this type of the fungal toxin, several detrimental changes were diagnosed when compared with the othergroups. In the conclusion,Ajwa dates alcoholic extract was alleviated the deteriorative impacts of Ochratoxin A on the hepatic tissues and the lipid profile due to its effective chemical ingredients and potentialities.

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to compare the beneficial effects of vitamins C and E on Lincomycin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Sixteen of male albino rats sexually matured were randomly divided into four groups: (i) control, (ii) Lincomycin (500 mg/kg) administrated orally, (iii) Lincomycin plus vitamin C (500 mg/kg) and vitamin E (400 mg/kg), (iv) vitamin C plus vitamin E were administrated orally at the same doses of third group. Lincomycin treatments were started directly (1) day after the first administrations of these vitamins and continued for (21) days. At the end of the experiments: body weight, liver, kidney and spleen relative weights, erythrocytes sedimentation rate, urea, total bilirubin, creatinine, malondialdehyde, glutathione, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, liver enzyme activities ALP, AST and ALP were significantly increased (p <0.05) in Lincomycin treated group, while haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, white blood cell counts, high density lipoproteins were significantly decreased (p <0.05) in the same group when compared with the three other groups: control , vitamins ,Lincomycin and vitamins groups. Vitamins C and vitamin E were suppressed the oxidative stress of Lincomycin which used in this study, so the data of the present

Summary Diabetes mellitus is a global disease and one of its important complications is diabetic nephropathy, which causes a decrease in production of Erythropoietin hormone, therefore, this study is designed to compare the level of the erythropoietin hormone in male diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. This study was conducted in the Diabetes Mellitus and Endocrinology Center in Al- Sader Medical City ,including 73 patients with type II diabetes mellitus of whom 30 patients have nephropathy, while 43 patients are without nephropathy. The groups' age ranged from 35-70 years. The study lasted from October 2012 until March 2013. Albumin to creatinine ratio in urine, levels of: Erythropoietin, creatinine, total protein and albumin were evaluated in the serum. The hematological parameters including: red blood corpuscular count, mean corpuscular volume and white blood cells count were estimated .The results of the study showed the following: there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the ratio of albumin to creatinine in urine at

أجري البحث الحالي في البيت الحيواني العائد لقسم علوم الحياه / كلية التربية للبنات , وهدف الى دراسة تأثير المستخلص الكحولي للزنجبيل في وزن الجسم و الخصوبة وبعض المعايير الكيميوحيوية للدم لدى اناث الجرذان البيض المعاملة بعقار الباراسيتامول . وتضمن متابعة ) 32 (أنثى من الجرذان البيض البالغة جنسيا أي بعمر ثلاثة أشهر. ولأجل اجراء هذه الدراسة تم تقسيم الحيوانات عشوائيا الى اربع مجاميع بواقع ثمانية اناث لكل مجموعة , أذ جرعت المجموعة الاولى ) І ( بمحلول الملح الفسلجي واعتبرت مجموعة سيطرة , واعطيت المجموعة الثانية ) ІІ ) 7.5) (ملغم /كغم من عقار الباراسيتامول , اما المجموعة الثالثة ) ІІІ ( فقد جرعت اولا بالتركيز (500) ملغم /كغم

subcutaneously injected with normal saline (0.9 % NaCl2) or peganum harmala alcoholic seed extract (75, 100, 150 mg/ kg) at twice/ weekly interval for one month period. Thereafter, anim7

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