صادق كاظم لفتة الزرفي

The present study aims to measure some heavy metals (copper, cadmium, cobalt and lead) in the blood and a sample of milk in nursing mothers in Wasit and Najaf, and those concentrations the two provinces were compared. Seventy seven samples were collected of milk divided by (37 samples of Wasit province and 40 samples of Najaf province), and identical other of blood samples divided by (37 samples of Wasit province and 40 samples of Najaf province) of the General Hospital of the districts (The Martyr Dr. Feiroz Hospital, Alasri district of the health center, in Wasit province, and (Zahra Teaching Hospital, the health center of Muslim bin Aqeel (p), the health center for Abasiya) in the province of Najaf, in the period between July and August and September of 2014. The results showed that there is a disparity in the presence of these elements in the blood and milk of breastfeeding mother's. As it turns out that there are clear differences between the two groups subjected to study in both provinces, as the highest percentage of the concentration of elements was recorded in Wasit compared to Najaf. The highest concentrations of the elements copper and cobalt (11.4, 2.19) μg/dl, were recorded respectively, in the blood of mothers in Wasit province, while the highest concentrations of the element copper (1.18) μg /dl, in the milk of mothers in Wasit province, and lower concentration of element in Najaf province recorded (6.37) μg/dl. It appeared there is a positive correlation between blood and milk to mothers for copper, cadmium and counterproductive for cobalt and lead. The average age in the province of Najaf is 25 years old while in Wasit province, 27 years old and the height of the mothers had an average of 158 cm in Wasit and156 cm in Najaf, while the average weight is 66 kg in Najaf and 63 kg in Wasit. The ages of mothers that are younger than 25 years recorded a significant increase in copper concentrate and cobalt in the blood while the ages of the mothers that are older than 25 years, recorded a slight increase in most elements in the mother milk and the highest value was recorded in the copper concentration and was 8.28 μg /dl. However, the lowest value was 0.53μg /dlin cadmium. The present study conclude The mean concentration of heavy metals in human milk and blood of lactating women aged ≥ 25 years was higher than that in women aged < 25 years . Keyword: Heavy Metals, Blood, Milk, Nursing Mothers, Najaf

Ibn-Najem marsh is one of the Iraqi Marshlands that occupies around 90 Km2 distributed in three provinces. However, the majority of the marsh (75%) belongs to An-Najaf province, the rest of which is shared by Babylon and Al-Qadisiyah provinces' . The concentration of iron , manganese and phytoplankton biomass as chlorophyll were measured in winter, spring, summer, and autumn in 2009 in water and sediments of Ibn-Najem marsh. Phytoplankton were collected from seven sampling stations including Al-Haidarey, Abu Garab , Um Oyon , Al-Tail , Al-Gazali, Abu-Hallan and Al-Hamam respectively. Iron and Manganese ions were measured in water and sediments. The average rates of phytoplankton biomass were high in station 3 in spring with a value of 0.49 μg/l as the results indicated. The minimum value was found in station 1 in winter with a value of 0.03 μg/l .The concentration of manganese was extremely high in the sediments, while the concentration of iron was low in winter and autumn . Iron decreased in the sediments in winter, while in water, it recorded minimum values for iron which was measured in summer. The maximum values of iron and manganese were noticed in autumn. The minimum concentration of manganese was in spring. The concentration of iron and manganese elements exceeded than Iraqi limitations for freshwater quality.

The present study aims to measure some heavy metals (copper, cadmium, cobalt and lead) in the blood and a sample of milk in nursing mothers in Wasit and Najaf, and those concentrations the two provinces were compared. Seventy seven samples were collected of milk divided by (37 samples of Wasit province and 40 samples of Najaf province), and identical other of blood samples divided by (37 samples of Wasit province and 40 samples of Najaf province) of the General Hospital of the districts (The Martyr Dr. Feiroz Hospital, Alasri district of the health center, in Wasit province, and (Zahra Teaching Hospital, the health center of Muslim bin Aqeel (p), the health center for Abasiya) in the province of Najaf, in the period between July and August and September of 2014. The results showed that there is a disparity in the presence of these elements in the blood and milk of breastfeeding mother's. As it turns out that there are clear differences between the two groups subjected to study in both provinces, as the highest percentage of the concentration of elements was recorded in Wasit compared to Najaf. The highest concentrations of the elements copper and cobalt (11.4, 2.19) μg/dl, were recorded respectively, in the blood of mothers in Wasit province, while the highest concentrations of the element copper (1.18) μg /dl, in the milk of mothers in Wasit province, and lower concentration of element in Najaf province recorded (6.37) μg/dl. It appeared there is a positive correlation between blood and milk to mothers for copper, cadmium and counterproductive for cobalt and lead. The average age in the province of Najaf is 25 years old while in Wasit province, 27 years old and the height of the mothers had an average of 158 cm in Wasit and156 cm in Najaf, while the average weight is 66 kg in Najaf and 63 kg in Wasit. The ages of mothers that are younger than 25 years recorded a significant increase in copper concentrate and cobalt in the blood while the ages of the mothers that are older than 25 years, recorded a slight increase in most elements in the mother milk and the highest value was recorded in the copper concentration and was 8.28 μg /dl. However, the lowest value was 0.53μg /dlin cadmium. The present study conclude The mean concentration of heavy metals in human milk and blood of lactating women aged ≥ 25 years was higher than that in women aged < 25 years . Keyword: Heavy Metals, Blood, Milk, Nursing Mothers, Najaf

The purpose of this study is to prediction the monthly average of maximum and minimum temperature of the holy city of Najaf for next eleven years (2011-2021), by using the Liner Trend analysis to reveal the nature of the periodic behavior pattern of the monthly average temperature via a series of long time extending from December 1971 to January 2010 (480 months), then hire it to get a model of directional linear regression to predict the average temperature monthly. The results showed that there are different values of the climate cycle and varied from month to month, it has been shown that there is a trend toward rising rates of heat and that so important for climate change study and desertification phenomenon.

اجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة جميع التأثيرات المحتملة للمياه الملوثة الصناعية المطروحة بواسطة معمل جلود الكوفة على الصفات اللمنولوجية وبيئة النباتات المائية لمبزل الكوفة الجنوبي. جمعت نماذج الدراسة التي شملت الماء والنباتات المائية للمبزل خلال اربعة اشهر وهي (كانون الثاني وشباط وحزيران وتموز) للعام 2010 من اربعة مواقع، الموقع الاول الملوث بالمياه الصناعية لمعمل الجلود اما الموقع الثاني فأنه يبعد (100) م من الموقع الاول والموقع الثالث يبعد على 500 م من الموقع الثاني والموقع الرابع فتم اخذه على بعد اكم قبل الموقع الثاني لاغراض المقارنة (سيطرة) مع باقي المواقع. اوضحت نتائج الدراسة ان درجة حرارة الماء وقيم للتوصيلية الكهربائية والأس الهيدروجيني تراوحت مابين مابين(11.3-30.5) مْ (1.4-8.4) مليسيمنز/سم (7.3-8.3) على التوالي. سجلت الدراسة تراكيز الاوكسجين الذائب مابين (5.6-11.2) ملغم/لتر وتراوحت قيم القاعدية الكلية مابين (92-229.3) ملغم كاربونات الكالسيوم/لتر التي سادت فيها ايونات البيكاربونات. اما العسرة فتراوحت مابين مياه ذات عسرة متوسطة الى مياه عسرة جداً(1140-6400) ملغم /لتر. اظهرت تراكيز المغذيات الرئيسية سياقات مختلفة اذ تراوحت مديات النترات والنتريت مابين (0.5-20.17) و (0.4-13.9) اما الفوسفات فكانت مابين (4.1-22.1) مايكروغرام/لتر على التوالي. سجلت الدراسة مديات عناصر الكروم والحديد الذائبين (0.8-3.5) و (0.7-2.5) ملغم/لتر على التوالي. سجل 20 نوعاً في هذه الدراسة وسجل أكبر عدد من الأنواع في المحطة الثانية اذ بلغ 14 نوعاً ، كما سجلت المحطة الاولى والرابعة 10 انواع اما المحطة الثالثة فسجلت 12 نوعاً وسجل نبات زهرة النيل Echhornia crassipes لاول مرة في شط الكوفة .

تضمنت هذه الدراسة اختيار محطتين , الأولى الشمالية قبل محطة تصفية ماء الكوفة , والثانية الجنوبية بعد محطة تصفية المياه الثقيلة لدراسة بعض الصفات الفيزيائية والكيميائية لنهر الكوفة. أجريت التجارب في محطات الدراسة لمدة أربعة اشهر (كانون الثاني، شباط، آب، أيلول) للعام 2002. وتناولت الدراسة قياس(الأس الهيدروجيني pH التوصيلية الكهربائية Ec ودرجة الحرارة Temperature و الحامضية الكلية والقاعدية الكلية والملوحة والعسرة الكلية و الكلوريد و الكبريتات و النترات و النتريت والفوسفات) وأظهرت النتائج إن معدلات الأس الهيدروجيني لمحطات الدراسة اتجهت نحو القاعدية وتراوحت بين (7.8- 8.3) , وسجلت أعلى قيمة للقاعدية خلال شهر أيلول وبلغت (256) ملغم / لتر وأدنى قيمة بلغت (1,1) ملغم / لتر لشهر آب لمحطة (1) فيما ازدادت تراكيز الملوحة والعسرة الكلية في المحطة (2) حيث سجلت أعلى القيم للعسرة خلال شهر شباط وبلغت 480 ملغم / لتر كما سجلت أعلى قيمة للحامضية (40.2) ملغم/ لتر وأدنى قيمة (4.2) ملغم/لتر لمحطة (1) خلال شهر شباط وأيلول على التوالي. بالاضافة الى ذلك فان أعلى قيمة للمغذيات النباتية (النترات والفوسفات) في محطة (2) حيث بلغت 13.2 ملغم / لتر في شهر كانون الثاني و (1) ملغم / لتر في شهر أيلول على التوالي. اما الكبريتات فقد سجلت أعلى القيم في شهر أيلول في المحطة (2) وبلغت (1165 ملغم /لتر)