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اطروحة كجزء من نيل شهادة الدكتوراه في كلية الطب البيطري جامعة بغداد في علوم الادوية والسموم باشراف الاستاذ الدكتور دريد عبد الهادي عباس

A study was performed to investigate the protective effect of different extracts of alcoholic and oil of leave and dry date of ( Phoenix dactylifera) against oxidative stress induced by CCL4 at a dose of 100 mg/kg given orally daily to five treated groups (CCl4 control (+ve) , alcoholic extract of leave (150 mg/kg) , alcoholic extract of dry date (100 mg/kg) , oil extract of leave and date (250 mg/kg), also two control dosed with vehicles (distal water and corn oil) were used . At the end of two months experiment blood were collected and oxidant and antioxidant parameter were studied in serum of all animal groups including Malon dialdehyte (MDA) and reduce glutathione (GSH). Furthermore ,the possibility of genomic polymorphism in glutathione-S- transference enzyme (GSTs) isomers (GSTT1 and GSTM1) were studied in all animal groups blood by using conventional PCR technique to understand their involvement in oxidative toxicity induced by CCL4 alone and with different palm date and leave extracts.` The biochemical results recorded a significant increase in serum MDA with significant decrease in reduce glutathione (GSH) only in CCL4 treated group compared to other extract treated one or control groups indicating lipid perioxidation effect induced by CCL4 and improvement effect of such effect by all used date palm extracts. Also polymorphism of GSTs isomers were recorded only in CCL4 group genomic result manifested by absence of GSTM1 isomer that indicate reduction in GSTs enzyme function and its involvement as one of the main antioxidant enzyme while the appearance of both GSTT1 and GSTM1 in genomic results of different extract treated groups were indicative of antagonistic ability of different date palm extract to oppose oxidative effect that cause improvement in oxidant / antioxidant balance nearly as that of control groups.

A study was performed to investigate the protective effect of different extracts of alcoholic and oil of leave and dry date of ( Phoenix dactylifera) against oxidative stress induced by CCL4 at a dose of 100 mg/kg given orally daily to five treated groups (CCl4 control (+ve) , alcoholic extract of leave (150 mg/kg) , alcoholic extract of dry date (100 mg/kg) , oil extract of leave and date (250 mg/kg), also two control dosed with vehicles (distal water and corn oil) were used . At the end of two months experiment the animal scarified and histopathological sections of selected organs were examined for all rat groups including ( liver, kidney and spleen). The result showed in CCL4 group (shrinkage of glomerular renal tubular , necrosis of epithelial cell lining renal tubule, congested blood vessel, interstitial fibrosis in kidney while liver cell showed necrosis of hepatocyte, vacuolar degeneration, sever central fatty change , congested of blood vessel and fibrosis. No lesion absorved in spleen of all groups while less kidney and liver cell lesion were observed in groups treated by by oil of dry date and leave extracts indicating partial protection by such extract against oxidative stress induce by CCL4. No histological lesion were observed in kidney and liver of groups treated with methanolic dry date and leave extract that indicate complete protection of these extract against oxidative stress induced by CCL4

The aim of this study was detection of the bioactive chemical constituents of sesban leaves extract by a qualitative analysis for each ethanol and methanol extract as used the Ethanol extract as antibacterial . The phytochemical analysis of the methanol and ethanol extracts of leaves of Sesbania sesban revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, phenols, carbohydrates and anthraquinones. While, they realed other chemical compound such as, tannins, saponins, terpenoids , amino acids and phytosterols. From the other hand, the ethanol extract of sesban was used as antibacterial against the gram positive bacteria (Streptococcus, Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus, (ATCC 25923),) and the gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella typhi (MTCC 733), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 1771), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 15380) and was compared with standard drugs such as, gentomaicine and pencillin. The result showed greater inhibition zone in Pseudomonas (18 mm) at 1000mg/ml while, smaller inhibition zone in Streptococcus (10mm) at 500mg/ml.

Background : Platelets play an important role in the process of homeostasis, specifically in atherosclerosis formation when low molecular weight lipoprotein deposit in the wall of blood vessels and plaques formation ,this associated with many inflammatory response one of them is Platelet activation subsequent to the adhesion of platelets to the vascular wall results in the release of mediators that promote platelet aggregation. Aim : Statins as most drugs used for treatment hyperlipidemia have multiple effects including anti inflammatory effects , stabilization of plugs and inhibits platelets activation during atherosclerosis of the blood vessels.Materials and Methods : To evaluate the platelets activation there are many simple parameters can be made like platelets count , platelets distribution width, and mean platelets volume. Platelets parameter considered as marker about platelets activation state. Twenty one males rats were enrolled in our research , divided into three group , each group contain seven rats .First group considered as control group , second group considered was given simvastatin , third group was given atorvastatin. The drug dosing continued for 15 days after that blood was withdrawn to measure platelets count , platelets distribution width, and mean platelets volume. Results : There was no significant differences among control and treatment groups in regard to their effects on platelets count , platelets distribution width, and mean platelets volume (P >0.05). Conclusion : Neither simvastatin nor atorvastatin affect platelets count , platelets distribution width, and mean platelets volume.

The aim of this study was to investigate the status of antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) during oxidative stress in blood serum of rats subjected to oral methotrexate administration at a dose 10 mg/kg B.W and administrated antioxidant therapy (vit A and glutamine) to reduced or ameliorate such stress. A total of thirty six, male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing (250 – 300) g divided equally into six groups. The first group, control, were fed only standard rat chow as their diet and water ad libitum. The second group administered orally a single dose of methotrexate at a dose of 10 mg/kg B.W. The third group, given a single dose of methotrexate 10 mg/kg B.W + Vit-A (5000 IU/kg B.W) orally by stomach tube, twice daily. The fourth group, given a single dose of methotrexate 10 mg/kg B.W + Glutamine (500 mg/kg B.W), twice daily dosing. fifth group, given vit-A at dose 5000 IU/kg B.W orally, twice daily. Sixth group, given glutamate at dose 500 mg/BW orally, twice daily, all this dosing continue for 8 days. At the end from all animal, draw blood from heart by syring to obtained serum to determine its level then sacrificed and take section from liver for histopathology resulted in. It was found that methotrexate caused a signifcant increase in GSH levels (an important marker of lipid peroxidation) when compared with the control group while the level GSH were signifcantly decreased in the methotrexate + vitamin A group, methotrexate+ glutamine group, vitamin A group and glutamine group. The results indicate that methotrexate cause oxidative stress by reducing the activities and consequently the effectiveness of the antioxidant enzyme defense system. while the antioxidant therapy reducing of oxidative stress. Histopathological examination observed was normal in methotrexate treated rats and MTX with glutamine and vitmine A . but showed hydrodegenerate in treated groups of MTX+vit A while the glutamine treated group showed a necrosis and amyliod change.

Methotrexate is one of the most effective and commonly used medicines to treat various forms of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions. It is known as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) because it not only decreases the pain and swelling of arthritis but also can reduce damage to joints and the risks of long-term disability. Method: Twenty eight male rats, were taken from the research center in the College of Medicine at the University of Kufa. These animals were equally divided into four groups, Each of 7 rats, the first group received distilled water added equivalent fluid (corn oil , NaOH and citric acid) and served as control. The second group received methotrexate at dose of 2.5 mg/BW orally twice daily by gavage, the third group received methotrexate and vitamin A at doses of 2.5 mg /BW + 50000 IU respectively orally twice daily by gavage and the forth group received methotrexate and glutamine at dose 2.5 mg/BW + 500 mg /BW twice daily respectively. All groups dosing for period 30 days.At the end of the experiment, all rats were anesthetized using ether and drawed blood 4ml from heart using a 23-gauge needle syringe then killed and take piece of liver and placed in formalin 10 % for histopath examination. The blood placed in centrifuge 3000/minute for 10 minutes to obtain serum for analyzing liverfunction test ( alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferas (ALT) measurements and bilirubin)Result: In animal treatment with methotrexate only and those treated with MTX and vit A and glutamine there was no significant difference in serum ALT, serum AST and Bilirubin when compared with control groupbut ALP elevated in MTX with vit A treated rats and no significant difference in MTX and MTX+glutamine treated groups but showed amyloid changes liver and congestion in methotrexate treatment rat compared with control and no damage in liver of MTX with vit A and glutamine treated groupsConclusion: liver enzymes could be normal despite histopathic change in methotrexate treated animals.

The present studies were conducted to determine acute and chronic toxicity of aspirin and captopril given alone or in combination in seventy rats were used, 21 rats for acute toxicity (LD50) of aspirin, captopril and their combination in single dose, while the other forty nine rats were used to determine chronic toxicity effect which were divided into 4 groups, the control group (7 rats) received distilled water, the other three treatment groups each group (14) rats were divided into two subgroups T1&T2 according to the following oral daily dosing regiment ( aspirin subgroup 2 and 4 mg/kg , captopril, 6 and 12 mg/kg and aspirin + captopril ( 2 + 6 mg/kg and 4+12 mg/kg) respectively. LD50 was measured for all groups after their chronic treatment to determine chronic index. The results of acute toxicity (LD50) were, for captopril 4.3705 g/kg, aspirin 5.3705 g/kg and their combination (captopril 2.1295 g/kg + 2.6295 g/kg aspirin), respectively that reduced after chronic drug exposure to 3.1315 g/kg captopril, 3.1295g/kg aspirin and captopril 1.6315 g/kg + 2.1315 g/kg aspirin.

The present studies were conducted to determine acute and chronic toxicity of aspirin and captopril given alone or in combination in seventy rats were used, 21 rats for acute toxicity (LD50) of aspirin, captopril and their combination in single dose, while the other forty nine rats were used to determine chronic toxicity effect which were divided into 4 groups, the control group (7 rats) received distilled water, the other three treatment groups each group (14) rats were divided into two subgroups T1&T2 according to the following oral daily dosing regiment ( aspirin subgroup 2 and 4 mg/kg , captopril, 6 and 12 mg/kg and aspirin + captopril ( 2 + 6 mg/kg and 4+12 mg/kg) respectively. LD50 was measured for all groups after their chronic treatment to determine chronic index. The results of acute toxicity (LD50) were, for captopril 4.3705 g/kg, aspirin 5.3705 g/kg and their combination (captopril 2.1295 g/kg + 2.6295 g/kg aspirin), respectively that reduced after chronic drug exposure to 3.1315 g/kg captopril, 3.1295g/kg aspirin and captopril 1.6315 g/kg + 2.1315 g/kg aspirin.

The present studies were conducted to determine acute and chronic toxicity of aspirin and captopril given alone or in combination in seventy rats were used, 21 rats for acute toxicity (LD50) of aspirin, captopril and their combination in single dose, while the other forty nine rats were used to determine chronic toxicity effect which were divided into 4 groups, the control group (7 rats) received distilled water, the other three treatment groups each group (14) rats were divided into two subgroups T1&T2 according to the following oral daily dosing regiment ( aspirin subgroup 2 and 4 mg/kg , captopril, 6 and 12 mg/kg and aspirin + captopril ( 2 + 6 mg/kg and 4+12 mg/kg) respectively. LD50 was measured for all groups after their chronic treatment to determine chronic index. The results of acute toxicity (LD50) were, for captopril 4.3705 g/kg, aspirin 5.3705 g/kg and their combination (captopril 2.1295 g/kg + 2.6295 g/kg aspirin), respectively that reduced after chronic drug exposure to 3.1315 g/kg captopril, 3.1295g/kg aspirin and captopril 1.6315 g/kg + 2.1315 g/kg aspirin.

The present studies were conducted to determine acute and chronic toxicity of aspirin and captopril given alone or in combination in seventy rats were used, 21 rats for acute toxicity (LD50) of aspirin, captopril and their combination in single dose, while the other forty nine rats were used to determine chronic toxicity effect which were divided into 4 groups, the control group (7 rats) received distilled water, the other three treatment groups each group (14) rats were divided into two subgroups T1&T2 according to the following oral daily dosing regiment ( aspirin subgroup 2 and 4 mg/kg , captopril, 6 and 12 mg/kg and aspirin + captopril ( 2 + 6 mg/kg and 4+12 mg/kg) respectively. LD50 was measured for all groups after their chronic treatment to determine chronic index. The results of acute toxicity (LD50) were, for captopril 4.3705 g/kg, aspirin 5.3705 g/kg and their combination (captopril 2.1295 g/kg + 2.6295 g/kg aspirin), respectively that reduced after chronic drug exposure to 3.1315 g/kg captopril, 3.1295g/kg aspirin and captopril 1.6315 g/kg + 2.1315 g/kg aspirin.

hypermotility, bringing about excess loss of body fluids and electrolytes in feces. Many plant materials of nutritional qualities are being used in folklore medicine owing to their availability and safety; one of these plant materials is Phoenix dactylifera fruit. Method: The date methanolic extract at a dose (1000 and 500mg/kg) leaves methanolic extract at a dose (2000 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) and leaves oily extract at a dose (1000 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) were given orally to six groups of rats (five animals per group) to evaluate the activity of the extract against diarrhea induced by castor oil in the rat. While date methanolic extract at a dose (1500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) and leaves oily and methanol extracts at a dose (2000 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the frequency of several wet feces (inhibition defecation percentage). Two other groups received normal saline and loperamide (5mg/kg) as a positive control. The result obtained shows that the methanol date and leaves extract and leaves oily extract at different doses of date and leaves extract. Pharmacologic contain for Phoenix dactylifera was active substances with antidiarrhoeal properties.

A seminar on self-guidance and educational guidance for college students and how to deal with them

The seminar discussed the most important achievements of researchers in nanotechnology in the field of cancer treatment and other diseases The most important types of nanomaterials used in the field of research and its effects and the mechanics of its work in the killing of cancer cells

In accordance with the University Order No. 5481 dated 1/3/2018, the University of Tabriz Medical Sciences was invited to the stem cell research center at the invitation of the Cancer Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran to participate in a workshop( An introduction to the stem cell culture and real time PCR , And for seven days for the period from 3 to 9/3/2018

A training course was held at the Faculty of Science on 1-3 / 4/2018