Rusul Zaki Abd Ulhasan Mudhafar

The city of Kufa contains immovable spaces that are not invested and distributed in some areas, so most of the spaces invested in the center of the city became a circle between all regions. The distribution of urban spaces and other factors need to some extent in the Middle East and North Africa, It deforms the general appearance of the city, resulting in an underexposed space, and work on composition

SUMMARY This research delves into the intricate relationship between environmental characteristics and livestock distribution in Al-Manathira district, Iraq. The study evaluates the influence of natural factors such as land topography, soil fertility, water resource availability, and climatic conditions on the spatial patterns of livestock species, including cattle, sheep, goats, and buffalo. Employing a mixed-methods approach, it combines field surveys, soil analysis, and spatial data mapping to reveal how environmental zones shape the densities and productivity of various livestock. Results highlight significant correlations between fertile soils, proximity to water resources, and livestock density, particularly in riverine lowlands. This analysis provides actionable insights for optimizing livestock management practices, promoting sustainable agricultural development, and addressing the challenges posed by environmental constraints in semi-arid regions like Al-Manathira.

ABSTRACT This research evaluates the environmental conditions in the Harfiyin neighborhood of Najaf, Iraq, focusing on solid, liquid, and gaseous pollutants from industries. A field survey revealed significant waste, particularly solid waste from factories, and a large landfill contributing to air pollution. The presence of smoke, fumes, and toxic gases affects residents' health. Laboratory tests confirmed high levels of pollutants in the soil. Four samples were collected to assess the environmental impact. The results show a significant presence of solid waste, in line with international standards.

ABSTRACT The bottom line is that the distribution of services in the city of Kufa has been distributed in a way that is not proportionate to the distribution of its population according to the urban structure of the city and its residential neighborhoods, as requirements for recreational services must be determined, which are represented by public parks, cafes, and green area services are also distributed within residential areas that primarily benefit children and are frequented by them. Daily, It is necessary to establish and distribute playgrounds, public parks, and other services according to the population census of those areas. These services must also be considered and invested in a correct way that serves the people of the city because of their impact in attracting tourists. This planning must also be consistent with the natural reality prevailing in the city and the distribution of its services. According to the population of those areas