Rusul Najah Abdulkadhim Alnomani

Background. Several hematological alterations involving cellular components of the blood have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may contribute to the development of diabetes related complications. Chronic hyperglycemia increases oxidative stress, which can affect red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects glycemic control over the preceding three months and is widely used to assess disease management. Objective. To evaluate the association between selected hematological parameters from the complete blood count (CBC), and glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Methods. This cross-sectional, exploratory study included 50 patients with T2DM, who were divided into two groups based on their HbA1c level into a good glycemic control group (n = 25, HbA1c < 7%) and poor glycemic control (n = 25, HbA1c ≥ 7%). CBC parameters and HbA1c levels were measured. Group comparisons between groups were performed using the independent sample t-tests and Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between hematological parameters and HbA1c. Results. Patients with poor glycemic control had significantly higher mean WBC count (7.90 ± 1.72 vs. 6.53 ± 0.89 × 109/L, p < 0.001), neutrophil count (4.98 ± 1.57 vs. 3.91 ± 0.82 × 109/L, p < 0.004), platelet count (286.88 ± 54.18 vs. 216.48 ± 39.33 × 109/L, p < 0.001)), and mean platelet volume (10.44 ± 2.11 vs. 8.21 ± 0.86 fL, p < 0.001) compared with the good control group. No significant differences were observed in RBC parameters. Platelet count showed a significant positive correlation with HbA1c (r = 0.516, p < 0.001). In addition, WBC count (r = 0.485, p = 0.001), neutrophil count (r = 0.431, p = 0.002), and mean platelet volume (MPV) (r = 0.598, p < 0.001) were also significantly positively correlated with HbA1c levels. Conclusion. Poor glycemic control in this cohort of patients with T2DM was associated with higher WBC, neutrophil, and platelet counts, as well as increased MPV. These results suggest a potential correlation between subclinical inflammation, platelet activation, and hyperglycemia. However, given the small sample size and the exploratory cross-sectional design of the study, the findings should be interpreted with caution and confirmed in larger prospective studies before any clinical utility can be established.

Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by the progressive loss of kidney function, is a major global public health challenge. It is associated with increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease and metabolic dysfunction. Hematological abnormalities are common in CKD and may reflect disease severity and progressive renal impairment. Objectives. This study aimed to compare hematological markers between patients with stage 3-5 CKD and healthy controls and to evaluate their association with CKD stage and renal function impairment. Methods. This 6-month cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Al-Sadr Medical City. A total of 120 participants were included: 60 patients with CKD and 60 apparently healthy controls with comparable age and sex distributions. Adults aged ≥18 years with stage 3-5 CKD were included based on clinical history, laboratory findings, or a previous medical diagnosis. Results. The prevalence of hypertension tended to increase with CKD stage. Serum urea and creatinine levels increased, while eGFR decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Hemoglobin levels and RBC counts de creased, whereas RDW and MPV increased with disease severity, indicating worsening anemia and signif icant hematological changes. WBC, neutrophil, and monocyte counts were higher in the advanced stages of CKD. Conclusions. Chronic kidney disease is associated with marked and progressive deterioration in hemato logical parameters. Anemia, increased RDW, and altered platelet indices were associated with declining renal function. Routine hematological parameters are inexpensive and widely available markers associated with CKD stage and may reflect disease severity; however, longitudinal studies are required to determine their prognostic value

BACKGROUND: The chronic illness anemia is often mild-to-moderate normocytic normochromic anemia, which changes with time to become hypochromic or microcytic. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the biochemical and statistical predictors of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) among patients presenting with normochromic normocytic anemia. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional observational study comprising 120 anemic patients visiting the outpatient clinic between May 2025 and November 2025. The parameters of complete blood count, serum ferritin, serum iron, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) have been tested, and transferrin saturation (TSAT) has been computed. RESULTS: Patients who had IDA were much younger and were mostly women in comparison to the normocytic anemia. There was no significant difference in hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and red cell distribution width between the groups. The levels of ferritin, serum iron, and TSAT were much smaller, whereas the level of TIBC was much greater in the IDA group. Multivariate logistic regression found the independent predictors of IDA to be ferritin, serum iron, TIBC, and TSAT, but no significant predictive value in the red blood cell (RBC) indices. Correlation analysis proved the existence of physiologically consistent correlations between markers of iron profile parameters. CONCLUSION: IDA is prevalent in patients with normochromic normocytic anemia, and it cannot be excluded with the help of RBC indices. The use of iron profile parameters will help in making a correct diagnosis and early detection to enhance the clinical decision-making and management of patients.

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the joints but also presents with systemic manifestations, including hematological abnormalities. These changes – such as anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis – often correlate with disease activity and can serve as surrogate markers for inflammation. Aim. To evaluate hematological parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and assess their correlation with disease activity levels. Method. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 60 patients with RA and 40 matched healthy controls. RA diagnosis was based on the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. Disease activity was assessed using the DAS28-ESR score, and patients were classified into normal, inactive, and active groups. Complete blood count, ESR, rheumatoid factor (RF), and anti-CCP levels were measured. Results. Groups with RA activity showed notable hematological variations. Indicating anemia of chronic illness, hemoglobin, RBC count, MCV, and MCH dropped with increasing disease activity (p ≤ 0.0001). Active RA was associated with elevated RDW, WBC, neutrophils, PLT, and MPV. While monocytes exhibited marginal significance (p = 0.05), lymphocyte levels showed no appreciable change (p = 0.5). Active RA had noticeably increased RF and anti-CCP levels (p = 0.002 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion. Hemoglobin, RDW, WBC, and PLT were most significantly correlated with active RA. These results underline the need for regular hematological testing in tracking RA progression and guiding therapeutic planning

we participated in the annual conference of the Iraqi society of hematology to discuss the latest update in hematology with regarded to diagnostic methods and treatment updates

We participated in the annual conference of blood cases, held in Baghdad to discuss many disease cases and present the latest research findings and updates in terms of diagnosis and treatment