رؤى راضي منعم السياب

The aim of this study is to determine three heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cr) concentrations in cheesesamples in Iraq markets that are produced in Iran and Turkey. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Crwere measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Human health risk parameters, such asEstimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Carcinogenic risk(CR) due to heavy metals were calculated in all cheese samples of the present study. The average valueconcentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr in cheese samples made manufactured in Iran were 4.33±0.57 mg/kg,0.135±0.03, mg/kg, and 0.183±0.12 mg/kg, respectively. While those which were made in Turkey, thevalues were found to be 3.89±0.63 mg/kg, 0.167±0.032 mg/kg, and 0.105±0.07 mg/kg, respectively. Theaverage values of HI in Iranian and Turkish cheese samples were 0.526±0.07 and 0.483±0.26,respectively. While the average values of CR×10 for Pb, Cd, and Cr in Iranian cheese samples were0.006±0.0007, 1.13±0.0007, and 0.0056±0.7, respectively. But in Turkish cheese samples were0.005±0.0008, 0.37±0.07, and 0.65±0.4, respectively. The heavy metal concentrations in the presentstudy were found to be of no statistical signifi cance, compared to the Iranian and Turkish cheesesamples, where P-value was (P > 0.05). Most values for Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations were found to behigher than the allowed limits according to EU Regulations, while the health risk parameters werewithin the accepted worldwide average limits. Therefore, it can be concluded that most cheese sampleshave no health risks by consuming this cheese by consumers in Iraq.

In this research, heavy metals of Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations of Iraqi processed canned cheese that are available in Iraqi markets were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Also, the health risk parameters due to Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations such as Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotients (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Carcinogenic risk (CR) were calculated. The results show that the average value of Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations in-unit mg/kg (ppm) were 2.88±0.43, 0.131±0.02, and 0.015±0.01, respectively. The values of HI were ranged from 0.167 to 0.593, with an average value of 0.352±0.05. The average value of CR×10-6 for Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations were 0.004±0.0006, 0.297±0.05, and 0.09±0.08, respectively. The EDI, THQ, HI, and CR values of all these metals were less than the permissible value and less than the risk value. Our current study indicated that there is no chance of any kind of health risk through the consumption of these cheese products.

present work, the modified chemical bath deposition method (CBD) called successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction effective coast method was used for deposited copper oxide CuO nanostructured thin films. Structural, surface texture and optical characteristics of the deposited films were studied as a function of low annealing temperature (150, 200 and 250) oC. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the as-deposited and annealed films exhibited low crystallinity of polycrystalline nature in the monoclinic phase. It is observed a fixed or very little increment of peaks intensity and the crystallinity of the deposited films with the increase of annealing temperature to 250 oC. The lattice constants were calculated and show good agreement with the standard values. The crystallite size was decreased, whereas the dislocation density and the number of crystallites were increased with the increment of annealing temperature. The average grain diameter was increased and the average surface roughness decreased with the increment of annealing temperature. The optical energy gap for the as-deposited film is 1.87eV and increased to (2.03, 2.06 and 2.09) eV with the increment of annealing temperatures. The Urbach tails energy width decreased from 0.91 eV to (0.73, 0.54 and 0.46) eV for as-deposited and annealed films at low temperatures (150, 200 and 250) oC respectively. The low annealing temperatures was used because the deposition process was performs at low temperatures below 100 oC, therefore it can be concluded that the low annealing temperatures used in this work are not suitable temperatures for the growth of CuO films and it can be above 300 oC to enhance the film crystallinity and formation of CuO phase.

Several heavy metals are found naturally in the earth crust and are exploited for various industrial and economic purposes. Among these heavy metals, a few have direct or indirect impact on the human body. Some of these heavy metals such as copper, cobalt, iron, nickel, magnesium, molybdenum, chromium, selenium, manganese and zinc have functional roles which are essential for various diverse physiological and biochemical activities in the body. However, some of these heavy metals in high doses can be harmful to the body while others such as cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, silver, and arsenic in minute quantities have delirious effects in the body causing acute and chronic toxicities in humans. The heavy metals have been extensively studied and their effects on human health regularly reviewed by international bodies such as the WHO. The main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic. The focus of this work is to describe the heavy metals, sources of heavy metal exposure to humans and their toxicity mechanisms. Therefore it aims to study the noxious health effects of these heavy metals on humans.

Involves synthesis of some new aminoacetylenic derivatives of phthalimide. The phthalimide in this study served as starting material and was converted to the corresponding potassium salt through reaction with potassium hydroxide. The alkylation of the imide salt with the propargyl bromide afforded the desired N-propynylphthalimide (A1). The Mannich reaction (three componenets in one pot reaction) was carried out by using the N-propynylphthalimide (A1), formaldehyde, benzaldehyde and some of its derivatives, as well as morpholine or piperidine which are taken as secondary amines, in the presence of peroxide free dioxane and a catalytic amount of cuprous chloride under various basic, acidic, solvent and temperature conditions, resulted in formation of a novel aminoacetylenic Isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives (A2-A12).

Expectation values of energies ( potential, kinetic, Hartree-Fock, repulsion and attraction )forAr+16ion in some excited state (1sns ) where n=2,3,4,5 had been studied using " two-electron density function
(r1,r2)" to analyze Hartree-Fock equations using "slater type orbitals" also we calculated " nuclear magnetic shielding constant " and "the diamagnetic susceptibility " of this excited state for Ar+16.

Radioactivity in Food can be polluted with many types of radioactive materials due to natural and a nuclear emergency. The aims of this work are to govern the specific activity 238U, 232Th and 40Kas well as calculate the annual effective dose due to the ingestion of cerelac baby food that available in Iraqi markets. Samples were collected from local market in Najaf from different countries of origin. The levels of 238U, 232Th, and 40K were determined using gamma ray spectrometer. The results show that, the average specific activities for 238U, 232Th, and 40Kwere 8.49±2.18, 4.50±0.80and 223.85±29.22Bq/kg, respectively. However, the average value of radium equivalent activity and internal hazard index were 32.16±2.77Bq/kg and 0.109±0.012 respectively.whereas the total average annual effective dosecaused by 238U, 232Th, and 40Kfor children is estimated to be 0.571±0.05mSvy. The values found for specific activity and the annual effective dose in all samples of cerelac baby foodwere lower than worldwide median values for children; therefore, these values are found to be safe.

In the presents work, radon concentration was measured for different types of drinking bottled water and carbonated drinks samples that are available in Iraqi markets. Radon measurements were carried out using RAD-7 an electronic Radon detector. Annual effective dose was also calculated. The measured radon concentration in samples of drinking bottled water was ranged from 0.0354 to 0.248 Bq/l with a mean value of 0.11265 Bq/l and the measured radon concentration in the samples of the carbonated drinks lies between 0.0354 and 0.283 Bq/l with a mean value of 0.1418 Bq/l. The mean values of the effective dose in all samples of drinking bottled water and carbonated drinks were found to be 0.410844 and 1.022 μSv/y respectively. The results of this work revealed that the radon concentrations were lower than the recommended limits which were indicated by the World Health Organization and by the regulatory bodies of European Union.

In this investigation, the specific activity concentrations of the radioactive nuclides uranium-238 (U-238), thorium-232 (Th-232), and potassium-40 (k-40) were measured in 15 commercial tea samples obtained from Iraqi markets using a gamma-rayspectrometry system. The average specific activities for U-238, Th-232, and k-40 in the samples were 9.48±1.36, 2.91±0.45,and 597.78±14.90 Bq/kg, respectively. The results of key health risk parameters- radium equivalent, internal hazard index,annual effective dose, and excess lifetime cancer risk-were all found to be below the permissible values set by UNSCEAR.Therefore, the examined tea samples pose no significant health risks to Iraqi consumers (PDF) Estimating Natural Radioactivity Levels for Some Imported Tea Samples Available in Iraqi Markets. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393789864_Estimating_Natural_Radioactivity_Levels_for_Some_Imported_Tea_Samples_Available_in_Iraqi_Markets

The purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of Pb, Cd, and Cr in a number of selected cheese samples in Iraqi markets, both locally produced and imported from Iran and Turkey. This assessment was carried out through the application of atomic absorption spectroscopy. In the current investigation, human health risk parameters, such as estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR), were evaluated in all tested cheese samples. The evaluation of the r lead assay for Iraqi, Iranian, and Turkish cheese samples yielded the following average values: 2.88 ± 0.43, 4.33 ± 0.57, and 3.89 ± 0.63 in units of mg/kg, respectively. In the case of cadmium, the values were 0.131 ± 0.02, 0.135 ± 0.03, and 0.167 ± 0.032, respectively, whereas chromium values were 0.015 ± 0.01, 0.183 ± 0.12, and 0.105 ± 0.07, respectively. The average values of HI for Iraqi, Iranian, and Turkish samples were 0.352 ± 0.05, 0.526 ± 0.07, and 0.483 ± 0.26, respectively. Additionally, the average values of CR×10-6 for Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations in Iraqi samples were 0.004 ± 0.0006, 0.297 ± 0.05, and 0.09 ± 0.08, respectively. Meanwhile, the corresponding values for Iranian and Turkish samples were 0.006 ± 0.0007, 1.13 ± 0.0007, and 0.0056 ± 0.7, and 0.005 ± 0.0008, 0.37 ± 0.07, and 0.65 ± 0.4, respectively. The heavy metal content in the Iraqi samples was lower than in Iranian and Turkish samples. Also, no statistical significance was found when comparing the Iranian and Turkish samples, where the P-value was greater than 0.05. Most of the values of Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations were above the permissible limits according to EU regulations. However, the health risk parameters were within the globally accepted limits. Therefore, the majority of the investigated cheese samples have no health risks when used by Iraqi customers.

Intake of toxic metals via food is one of the main routes of exposure for the general public throughout their daily lives. The world's spread of food sources, besides the contaminated systems of fertilizing and irrigation water sources, has grown the importance of foodborne poses to metallics in jointly industrialized and developing countries. However, the globalization measures taken to decrease contamination and exposure to metals have also been effective. This survey will consider various issue aspects related to the effects of heavy metals in food on humans, the symptoms that are caused by them, their fusion in the food chain, and their sources.

In this review, some important statistical parameters were determined to investigate how the energies of two radioactive samples are normally distributed. Statistical parameters were calculated in the present study: Variance (σ2), Standard Deviation (σ or s), and Standard error (σx̄) as well as drawn histogram and box plot. These parameters were comely used in nuclear laboratories or nuclear experiments. Most of the statistical nature of radioactivity relies on the assumption that statistical processes normally contain a standard deviation due to the inaccuracy of nuclear measurements. This comprehensive study aimed to quantify the comparison between the energies of cesium-137 and cobalt-60 isotope samples conducted using the distribution in SPSS. The review in the current study has shown that there is a clear effect of the gamma-ray energy used in these parameters under study.

The Water Quality Index (WQI) is a single, deferential metric for describing the state of water quality as a whole, which aids in the selection of effective remediation strategies. Fifteen surface water samples were taken from the Euphrates in the AlHaydria neighborhood of AL-Najaf (Iraq). Various physicochemical parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium, chloride, sulfate, and electrical conductivity (EC), were measured to evaluate the quality of the surface water. All samples have a WQI between 25.92 and 47.22. Hasan - alsab (SW 14), Ali-Hajj Hassan (SW 4, SW 8), El-Hajj Abdel-Sayed (SW 10 to SW 12), and El-Hajj Abdel-Sayed (SW 12) have all recorded exceptionally high WQI values. There was generally good to moderate water quality across the research region. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.