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Cancer is heterogeneous disorders characterized by cellular different genetic alterations and diverse clinical behaviours results from uncontrolled division leads to loss of control of the cells growth. Neuron Specific Enolase(NSE) is considered as a marker of many diseases such as brain damage (traumatic brain injury), stroke and anoxic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest. Generally, in adults NSE accepted as a marker protein in the brain. Serotonin exhibits a growth stimulatory effect on several types of carcinoma, carcinoid and other tumor cells. In contrast, a few data are available on serotonin involvement in cancer cell migration and metastatic processes. Serum serotonin level was found to be suitable for prognosis evaluation of urothelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder, adenocarcinoma of the prostate and renal cell carcinoma. 201 patients with malignant tumors, 74 patients with different benign tumors and, 83 healthy individuals were enrolled in the present study. Our results show a significant increase (p = 0.011, and 0.043) of serum serotonin levels in malignant tumors group when compared with those of benign tumors (as a pathological control) group, and healthy individuals groups; respectively. No such results were shown when the two control (benign tumors and healthy individuals) groups were compared together. While evaluation of the NSE concentrations revealed a significant decrease in patients with malignant tumors when compared with those of benign tumors (p = 0.028), and healthy individuals (p< 0.000). According to ANOVA test, Same variations (p < 0.000) were obtained when benign tumors and healthy controls groups were compared together. Results shows a significant decrease in the serotonin concentration (p < 0.05) as well as the NSE (p < 0.01) levels, correlation between the levels of the two examined parameters has been negative and statically acceptable (r = - 0.723 at p<0.05) at malignant tumor patients group after treatment by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Before treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, negatively significant correlation (r = - 0.792 at p < 0.001) was observed for the concentrations of Serotonin to the NSE in the sera of malignant tumor patients group, while no such correlations were noted at this relation examined in the benign tumor patients. Serotonin and NSE correlations together can be used as primary diagnostic tools for distinguishing between cancerous and benign tumors, this correlation increases the sensitivity of the two biomarkers together comparing to measure everyone alone.

Serotonin is synthesized by conversion L-tryptophan into 5-hydroxytryptamine in the body by using two catalyze factors are tryptophan hydroxylase and 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase, it exhibits a growth stimulatory effect on several types of carcinoma, carcinoid and other tumor cells. In contrast, few data are available on serotonin involvement in cancer cell migration and metastatic processes. Serum serotonin level was found to be suitable for prognosis evaluation of urothelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder, adenocarcinoma of the prostate and renal cell carcinoma. Subjects: 201 patients with malignant tumors, 74 patients with different benign tumors and 83 healthy individuals were enrolled in the present study. Results: Outresults show a significant increase (p=0.011 and 0.043) of serum serotonin levels in malignant tumors group when compared with those of benign tumors (as a pathological controls) group, and healthy individuals groups; respectively. No such results were shown when the two control (benign tumors and healthy individuals) groups were compared together. Conclusion: Increase of serotonin could be related to activation of the serotonergic receptors sensitivity.

The present report is concerned with the synthesis novel Schiff base ligand by condense 6-Amino Penicillinic acid with Salicyldehyde. The ligand was characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry, UV-Vis and FT-IR studies. The ligand have got more than one moiety which are capable of chelation, therefore complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) were prepared. These complexes were characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, magnetic susceptibility and Molar conductivity studies. All these techniques indicate 1:2 stoichiometry of synthesized complexes. In all the complexes, Schiff base ligand acts as a tridentate ligand. Finally, the ligand and complexes have been screened for their antibacterial activity against four types of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus facials and Proteus mirabilis) then it isolated from different classes of ulcerative infections while L showed to be tridentate ligand with single negative charge through three active groups, L has been associated with metal ions to form the claw complexes to get octahedral shape. The prepared ligand and its complexes illustrated a good inhibitory ability towards the three varieties bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis), while the four complexes failed to be suggested in treatment of ulcers that caused by Streptococcus facials. So, the prepared compounds could be good alternatives to the common drugs which are used in treatment of ulcers.

Every day, life requires levels of high of physical activity and food, the tendency genetic prefer to store excess calories in order to help body for staying at the level of alive, so an overweight is mean increase the body weight compared with the level of weight acceptable to the normal. Its belief that obesity is a result for losing of ability to correct habits of eating. Obesity is not a single disease, there are 300 different genes were linked to obesity, in addition to several environmental factors could be associate to obesity happening, while most considerations common indicted to the fact that obesity process is a result of an interaction of environmental factors with the genetic predisposition lead to fat accumulation and increased in the adipose tissues. Trace elements are important materials for biochemical reactions in the human body. They are intervening in the synthesis of hormones, reproduce the cells, the immune system, and food digestion. Elements are inorganic compounds, do not synthesis in the body and are contain a minimum amount, so they are necessary for consumption food as well as more important in human life. Subjects: 47patients (33.28 ±7.424 years with age range 34 years) and 24 healthy individuals (25.96 ± 3.983 years with age range 13 years) were enrolled in the present study. Patients with BMI more than 30 Kg/m2 (45.179 ± 9.09 Kg/m2, and 38.7 Kg/m2 as BMI range); haven’t diabetes mellitus, they aren't subjected to obesity surgical operation before. Control group might at approximate age range with the patients group, with similar food style. Average BMI of no smoking, no alcohol drinking healthy group was 18.5 Kg/m2 (22.829 ± 0.752 Kg/m2). Results: A significant (p < 0.05) decrease of the Fe, Cu, Mn, and Ni levels in the patients group comparison to those of healthy individuals. Results of Zn came unfamiliar to other element so as previous obesity studies, no significant variation (p > 0.05) was recorded when Zn levels of healthy and patients groups were compared together. Levels of Fe at obese patients were correlated significantly to Cu, Mn and Ni, while in the control group similar correlations were indicated at Fe to Cu and Mn levels only, on the other hand, level of Ni at healthy group failed to illustrate same patients results when it correlated to Fe. Strong positive correlation was observed for decreasing of Ni and Mn levels at patients group, in contrast to the relationship at the levels of these elements at control group which stay uncorrelated. Moderate significant correlation was noted at Ni and Zn levels were compared together at obese patients group, while no such correlation was observed at control individuals group. Other correlations were not statistical significance either at the healthy individuals nor obese patients. At obese group, statistical analysis showed that gender had no effect in the levels of the studies elements, except Mn and Ni. Although levels of Mn and Ni at the obese women were less than those in the control women, but these levels were higher than that recorded at obese males. In the control group, results of the advised trace elements didn’t show significant differences between female and male subgroups. Conclusion: Evaluated trace elements in the current study at male patients were less than those noted at obese females. Zn levels don’t correlated to obese individuals unless they had been have health complications correlated to obesity. Ni may be consider as a new trace element could use in the assessment of obesity and follow up its complications.

Obesity is not a single disease, there are 300 different genes were linked to obesity, in addition to several environmental factors could be associate to obesity happening, while most considerations common indicted to the fact that obesity process is a result of an interaction of environmental factors with the genetic predisposition lead to fat accumulation and increased in the adipose tissues. Under normal conditions ROS and RNS are produced. This production balanced by number of acceptor electron molecules that synthesized cellular. An injured tissues caused by disorders in the balance between the production of reactive species of known as free radicals and antioxidants which is the defensive mechanism, through this status the raise in the oxidation processes will occur in contrast to the reduction in the synthesis of defense molecules. Subjects: 47patients (33.28 ±7.424 years with age range 34 years) and 24 healthy individuals (25.96 ± 3.983 years with age range 13 years) were enrolled in the present study. Patients with BMI more than 30 Kg/m2 (45.179 ± 9.09 Kg/m2, and 38.7 Kg/m2 as BMI range); haven’t diabetes mellitus, they aren't subjected to obesity surgical operation before. Control group might at approximate age range with the patients group, with similar food style. Average BMI of no smoking, no alcohol drinking healthy group was 18.5 Kg/m2 (22.829 ± 0.752 Kg/m2). Results: Evaluation of the MDA concentrations revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in patients of obesity when compared with healthy individuals. From the statistical analysis of the obese patients group, a positive correlation between the serum MDA concentration with BMI raise (r = 86.925 % at p < 0.001). while highly significant differences (p < 0.05) were noticed at the two study's groups were compared together, when both of ceruloplasmin oxidase activity and concentration were examined. It has been monitoring the positive relations between BMI levels and both of the activity and concentration of ceruloplasmin oxidase enzyme in the sera samples of obese patients group, where the activity and concentration of ceruloplasmin oxidase rose in 76.112 % and 68.869 % (at p < 0.05) of the total cases of patients. The Person's correlation demonstrated significant positive relationship in those of obese patients (r = 0.828 at p < 0.005), But not in those of controls group. Conclusion: MDA levels is affected during the overweight gain; and they correlated directly to BMI. Cp acts as acute phase protein in response to weight gain, in addition to its an antioxidant role to accommodate the overflow of electrons (free radicals) formed during the process of obesity.

A new Schiff base ligand has been synthesized from condensed 6.Amino Penicillinic acid with Benzyldehyde , then it mixed with number of the transition metal to form complexes. The newly prepared Schiff base ligand and metal complexes have been characterized by various techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR , UV/ Visible, FT IR , Mass spectral ,Magnetic moment, molar conductance method , and it tested the effectiveness of inhibitory compounds prepared against four types of bacteria S.aureus , pseudomonas aeruginosa , Streptococcus Facials and Proteus Mirabils then it isolated from different classes of ulcerative infections.

The first mammalian lectin was isolated by Gilbert Ashwell and Anatol Morell, meanwhile, firstmember of the ß-galactose-specific lectins family was isolated from the electric eel. The number of purified animal lectins has startedto grow quickly since the beginningof the 1980. Recently, studies directed to human were carried out concerning detection, purification, identification, determination of physical and chemical properties, as well as determination of lectins levels in the normal and abnormal individuals. The present study was designed to investigate lectins in sera of patients with kidney tumors, in addition to non tumoral kidney disease patients. Fifty five patients of malignant kidney tumors were enrolled in addition to 23 patients of benign kidney tumors, and 18 patients of non tumoral kidney diseases used as control groups, in addition to 46 healthy individuals were also investigated.The measurement of total serum proteins revealed significant (p < 0.001) decrease in patients of malignant tumors when compared with those of benign, non tumoral diseases, and healthy individuals. The conditionsof the hemagglutination assay of serum lectin activity were optimized. The cutoff value of the specific hemagglutination activity was found to equal 6 SHU for discriminatory malignant kidney tumors. Serum lectins activity were indicated to be inhibited bygalactose, mannose, lactose and N-acetyl galactosamine. Purification of lectin from sera of patients with malignant kidney tumors by affinity chromatography with the use of silver stain revealed LacBL PAGE of purified lectin demonstrated one band consisted lectin activity. These results suggest that the diagnosis of the specific hemagglutination activity of lectin is promising biomarker for discrimination of malignant kidney tumor patients and the purified lectin could be introduced in the field of biomarkers

Oxygen free radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of tissue damagein many pathological conditions, including liver diseases. Aim of the present study focused on the investigation the possible relationship between serum malondialdehyde level, an index of lipid peroxidation, and ceruloplasmin levels, as protective agent against lipid peroxidation, in hepatitisC virus. A group of 31 hepatitis virus type C patients enrolled in the study, while; control group consisted of 25 healthy subjects.In the present study, total proteins (g/L), malondialdehyde (μM), ceruloplasmin oxidase activity (U/L) and ceruloplasmin concentration (g/L) were measured in sera samples of patients with hepatitis C virus as well as in the healthy controls. (20) (PDF) A Biochemical Study to Estimate Malonaldehyde and Ceruloplasmin Oxidase Activity As Parameters Express Oxidation-Antioxidation Balance for Patients with Acute Hepatitis Virus Type C. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328052618_A_Biochemical_Study_to_Estimate_Malonaldehyde_and_Ceruloplasmin_Oxidase_Activity_As_Parameters_Express_Oxidation-Antioxidation_Balance_for_Patients_with_Acute_Hepatitis_Virus_Type_C [accessed Jul 10 2019].

Diagnostic radiation still one of the most important way in the diagnosis of several diseases, in spite of the possible passive effects of their product radiations. In order to test the hypothesis that radiations may perturb in the body functions (that including the function of nervous,sexual, immune and gastrointestinal tract systems)of the handlers in diagnostic radiation field, the present study was designed to determination of oxidative stress parameters (MAD and NO as a lipid peroxidation agents, and SOD in addition to CP levels, as protective agents against lipid peroxidation) in addition to cortisol level as a reflection parameters to the bearable effect in sera of 25 workers in Al-Sadder Medical City, and 30 non work controls. Elevation of MDANO and cortisol levels were recorded (p<0.005, p<0.05, and p<0.05; respectively) in sera sample of workers in the diagnostic radiation fields, on the other hand, significant decreases (p<0.005 and p<0.001; respectively)in levels of antioxidation parameters CP and SOD. Current work can present a simple and sensitive tool to evaluate the radiations effect in this field workers, oxidation and oxidation parameters can illustrate a good imagination about the workers health. This work can be applied in other fields which recorded radiance activities, in addition to that it can develop to involve estimation of several oxidative stress and antioxidation parameters and compare their results to present work (20) (PDF) Treatment With Diagnostic Radiation Field And Stress: A Biochemical Study To Evaluate Cortisol And Oxidative Stress Parameters In Sera Of Handlers In The Sections Of Diagnostic Radiation In Hospitals. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328052408_Treatment_With_Diagnostic_Radiation_Field_And_Stress_A_Biochemical_Study_To_Evaluate_Cortisol_And_Oxidative_Stress_Parameters_In_Sera_Of_Handlers_In_The_Sections_Of_Diagnostic_Radiation_In_Hospitals [accessed Jul 10 2019].

The present study was designed to investigate lectins in sera of patients with kidney tumors, in addition to non tumoral kidney disease patients. Fifty five patients of malignant kidney tumors were enrolled in addition to 23 patients of benign kidney tumors, and 18 patients of non tumoral kidney diseases used as control groups, in addition to 46 healthy individuals were also investigated. The age of patients and healthy individuals were 10-90 years. The measurement of total serum proteins revealed significant (p < 0.001) decrease in patients of malignant tumors when compared with those of benign, non tumoral diseases, and healthy individuals. The conditions of the hemagglutination assay of serum lectin activity were optimized. They were Tris buffer of 20 mM and pH 7.4, 60 mM CaCl2, 800 µg of defatted serum, 30 ˚C for serum samples, 60 minutes for serum samples, and human blood of group A+ suspension with 1.4 optical density. The measurement of the specific hemagglutination activity of lectins demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) elevation in patients of malignant tumors when compared with those of other patients and healthy individuals. Lectin activity was pointed out to be significantly (r = 0.767 at p < 0.0005) positively correlated with stage of malignancies. The cutoff value of the specific hemagglutination activity was found to equal 6 SHU for discriminatory malignant kidney tumors. Serum lectins activity were indicated to be inhibited by galactose, mannose, lactose, and N-acetyl galactosamine. Purification of lectin from sera of patients with malignant kidney tumors by affinity chromatography with the use of silver stain revealed N-Acetyl Galactosamine Binding Lectin (GalNAcBL). The purified folds and the yield was 178 with 32.4%. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of purified lectin demonstrated one band consisted lectin activity. The approximate molecular weight of GalNAcBL was determined and found to be 63.83. Purified lectin was characterized through the assessment of the capability to agglutinate RBCs, inhibition by EDTA, pH dependency, thermal dependent, and carbohydrate contents. GalNAcBL were observed to be calcium dependence lectins (C-type). These results suggest that the diagnosis of the specific hemagglutination activity of lectin is promising biomarker for discrimination of malignant kidney tumor patients and the purified lectin could be introduced in the field of biomarkers.

Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the oxidative stress in sera of young patients without a family history of hypertension, then find the relation of it to lipid profile. The study involved 56 young healthy (30.5 ± 4.7 years) and 23 healthy elderly volunteers (66.3 ± 3.5 years), these individuals were compared with 67 patients (28.6 ± 5.0 years), attending the Gastro Intestinal and Liver Centre at Al Sader Medical City and several specialized clinics in Najaf government. Malondialdehyde level was measured by TBARS assay as reflection to the oxidative stress effect. Using standard enzymatic assays, TG, TC, HDL-C, VLDL- -C, and LDL-C values were measured for patients and controls on the same day of sample obtainment. Levels of serum MDA, TG, VLDLC, and LDL-C were significantly raised (p<0.005) in hypertensive patients group when compared with young and elderly controls, while non significant variations were obtained when the control groups were compared together. Daytime SBP and DBP were both strong positive correlated (r=0.82, p<0.005 for SBP, and r=0.95, p<0.005 for DBP) with the MDA in hypertensive patients, but in elderly controls only the correlation between SBP and MDA levels was statistically significant (r=0.61, p<0.005). Sera TG, VLDL-C, and LDL-C levels showed the same of MDA results when they were correlated to SBP and DBP, while correlations between blood pressure with sera TC were moderate positively in the study groups. In spite of; HDL-C levels in hypertensive patients were within the levels of those of two control groups, HDL-C levels showed negatively correlation with both SBP and DBP. Notably, there was a positive correlation (r=0.60, p<0.005) between serum LDL-C levels and SBP of elderly controls, no such correlations were observed when the relation was between Daytime SBP and DBP and VLDL-C or LDL-C of young controls. the highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.94 at p<0.005) of MDA and TG of the hypertensive patients. Significant positive correlations were also observed for MDA with VLDL-C (r = 0.74 at p<0.005), and with LDL-C (r = 0.71 at p<0.005). It is well known that the endogenous female sex hormones have significant effect on lipid levels, according to that, testing the gender effect was occurred. MDA level in the study subgroups revealed a significant increase (p<0.005) in male patients when compared to females, while, student's t-test failed to exhibit significant changes among male and female subgroups in the control groups. Except for the significantly variation (p<0.005) of TG in the patient subgroups, all the other lipid profile parameters showed no significant differences between male and female subgroups. Concerning the controls subgroups, TG, TC, HDL-C, VLDL-C, and LDL-C were comparable between male and female subgroups. Finally, treatment for hypertension is similar for all demographic groups, but socioeconomic factors and lifestyle may be barriers to BP control in some patients, therefore; dealing with transitory hardships and arrangement of food style may be consider as a prim factors in the hypertension treatment. Key words: oxidative stress, lipid profile, hypertension

The present study was designed to investigate the presence of mannose binding lectin (ManBL) in the sera and tissue samples of patients with tumoral (benign & malignant) kidney in addition to patients with non tumoralkidney affection, in order to establish the possibility of using serum and tissue ManBL test for diagnosis and epidemiological testing of kidney cancers. Participants of the present study were 96 patients at the age range 12-80 years; they were attending by different hospitals in Najaf (basically) and Karbala, and 46 healthy individuals within the same age range of the studying patients groups.Specific hemagglutination activity levels were revealed a significant increased (p < 0.001) in the sera and tissues of the patients with the malignant tumors specimens in comparison to that of pathological controls and healthy individuals. Serum and tissue hemagglutination activity levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in patients with metastatic disease compared with patients with localized tumors. While, the levels of the hemagglutination activity were approximate at patients with the end malignant kidney tumors stages. Upon electrophoresis of the study samples, the results reflected presence of changes in some proteins and glycoproteins bands presents in these samples. Using hydrophobic affinity chromatography, ManBLs were purified from sera of malignant, benign kidney tumors and non tumoral kidney diseases in addition to healthy individuals groups. The purified lectins were found to be glycoprotein with 77.45KDas an approximate molecular weight and its sugar content was equal to13.5%. The maximum concentration of purified ManBL was found at patients with malignant kidney tumors.The results revealed that thehighest hemagglutination activity of purified ManBL occurredwith O+RBCs, at pH 7.4, and 37 ̊C. ManBL (regardless of its origin) lost the hemagglutination activity, completely, in the presence of EDTA.A result that indicates that the present purified thehuman ManBLs is a calcium dependen (20) (PDF) Detection, Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of Mannose Binding Lectin (ManBL) from Patients with Different Kidney Diseases and Healthy Individuals. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328052164_Detection_Isolation_Purification_and_Characterization_of_Mannose_Binding_Lectin_ManBL_from_Patients_with_Different_Kidney_Diseases_and_Healthy_Individuals [accessed Jul 10 2019].

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