Raghda Muhammed Ali Abd Alameer Al-Jabban

When recounting a tale, the central concept of valuation relates to the process of assigning positive, negative, or ambivalent worth to various events and recollections. To put it another way, the appraisal process reveals how significant, pleasurable, or painful an experience was in the life of the storyteller. Atwood has always stressed the link between the dialogical self and the valuation system, or the strong tie that occurs between literature and the social, political, and cultural milieu in which it is produced. Atwood, on the other hand, is a master of indirection, using an oblique manner in both prose and poetry that consists of identifying objects in detail in order to infer thoughts. In addition, the relationship between self and society is important as well. The generalized other, which is an integral part of the self, is accountable for one's social and rational actions. Key Words: Margret Atwood; the Dialogical self; Valuation System; Cat’s eye; Bakhtin.

This study concentrates on the term “Dirty Realism” and its contrast or paradox in the poetry of the American poet and writer Raymond Carver (1938-1988). The paper discusses three major points which are Carver’s life and career, Carver’s treatment of the term “Dirty Realism” and his poem Happiness which carries the paradox of the term. Finally, the poem ends with a conclusion which sums up the main points of the subject. Key Words: Raymond Carver, Dirty Realism, Happiness.

Diaspora as one of the main discussed themes in the modern literature means that there are many people who are away from their own country and are deprived of growing up in their true homeland. This study aims to apply the tenets of American school comparative literature to analyze the two pieces of poetry titled as Tigris the Donor of Welfare -Ya Dijlat Alkhayr- by Muhammad Mahdi Al-Jawahiri -1899-1997- as one of the most famous modern Iraqi poets and Date Palm Trinity by Khaled Mattawa -1964- - as an eminent Libyan-American poet, writer, and translator in order to explore the theme of diaspora in their poetry. Both poets have written and published their works in diaspora. To do so, this study will compare the previously mentioned poems in order to find their similar and different features and the significance of these features. Likewise, and regarding the notions of diaspora and Arab exile, this paper will benefit from the theories of Edward Said, Salhi, Netton, Faist, and finally Al-Maleh. It is concluded that these two poets\\\\\\\' personal experiences like being exiled have been reflected through their writings in order to create an intimate text which in turn validated their poems.

The play Arms and the Man by Bernard Shaw is considered one of Shaw's plays that did not meet the proper demand for it, despite being a play with a deep dramatic dimension, as well as supporting modern ideas and principles comparable to brilliant theatrical works, because Shaw was one of the most important and famous playwrights in the modern realistic theater and is one of the most important playwrights of satirical literature (comedy), as he presented works commensurate with a targeted social situation with a critical literary dimension, those works perform wonderful human, social and literary goals . Bernard Shaw works in his play (Arms and the Man) on two main elements: the realistic dimension and the emotional dimension (romantic), as this play is a process of transformation from the romantic state to the real state, and this can be discovered in the first chapter for the romantic side, and the second and third parts for the realistic side. The aim of this study is to explore the basic elements and scenes that depend objectivity in the play on both sides: anti-war and anti-romance, so the scenes presented can be inferred to identify the scene of war as well as the scene of love and how to infer each side according to realism and modern realistic theater, as well as studying the characters and measuring their literary and realistic dimensions and assigning each character to the themes of the play dealt with in this study in terms of anti-war and anti-romance and vice versa.

This paper selects the great British novelist Jane Austen's work Pride and Prejudice as a text to apply two linguistics theories: Halliday's (1994; 2014) Processes of Transitivity and Fowler-Uspensky Model of Point of View to emphasize more how the linguistics theories open further gates to the reader in understanding the British society at the end of the eighteen century and early nineteen century, as the selected theories reveal many aspects in human nature such as the psychological and ideological aspects. Moreover, because of the lack of space, the researchers analyze only four different sketches from all over the novel to reach a general understanding of the use of these two theories in Austen's work.Keywords: Fowler-Uspensky model, Halliday's Processes of Transitivity, Jane Austen, point of view, and Pride and Prejudice.