رائد عبد الامير نجم الاسدي

ABSTRACT : Diabetic nephropathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus (both T1DM and T2DM), caused by microvascular changes and can lead to kidney failure and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of cyclophilin A as a biomarker for the detection of diabetic nephropathy. The sample consisted of 119 T2DM patients, which included 65 females and 54 males whose ages ranged from 33 to 73.The participants were divided into three groups based on their urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), including patients with normoalbuminuria, patients with microalbuminuria, and patients with macroalbuminuria. This cross-sectional study reveals (when the ACR > 30 mg/day was used as the standard for detection of nephropathy), there was a significant difference between groups of diabetic patients (normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria) with serum cyclophilin A. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed that the best cut-off value of cyclophilin A to differentiate diabetic patients with nephropathy from diabetic patients without nephropathy was ≥ 20.63 ng/ml with 92% sensitivity, 92% specificity and area under the curve (AUC) = 0.978. In conclusion, the serum cyclophilin A can be considered as a good predictor for the diagnosis of DN

ABSTRACT— Drug resistance is one of the major issues in the world, and it led to a limitation of treatment options for serious health problems. The present work was achieved to detect the existence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Wound exudates and burn swabs (a total of 1590) were collected from the general hospitals in Al-Najaf city. The recommended biochemical assays were used to detect the Klebsiella spp. and the API 20E system was used to confirm this detection. MIC-strip and disk diffusion methods were used to identify the antibiotics susceptibility pattern and ESBLs were detected phenotypically, while by using the PCR technique, the bla-genes (blaOXA, blaCTXM, blaTEM, and blaSHV) were identified. Out of 1590 isolates, 109 (6.9%) isolates of K. pneumoniae were identified, and 4 (3.6%), 32 (29.3%), and 93 (85.3%) isolates were considered as pan-drug resistant (PDR), extensive drug resistant (XDR), and multi-drug resistant (MDR) respectively. ESBL producer isolates were identified in 86% of the isolates. PCR assay identified that 52.3% of the isolates holding one type of blagenes at least with the predominance of the blaCTX-M gene (35.7%). While the blaOXA gene was detected in 36 (33%) isolates and blaSHV gene was detected in 12 (11%) isolates. From the results of the present study, we concluded the presence of an alarming percentage of isolates of K. pneumoniae that produce ESBL in hospitals of Al-Najaf city and the existence of high rate of CTX-M-ESBL among these isolates.

Introduction: Globally, Giardia duodenalis (G. lamblia) is a protozoan parasite that has the ability to cause sporadic or epidemic infectious diarrhoea. Giardia infection is a crucial cause of waterborne and foodborne disease, outbreaks in the daycare centre, and international travel-related infection. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Giardia lamblia infection on serum MUC2 and lipid profile. Patients and Methods: From March to April 2021, a case-control study was conducted on 48 patients with giardiasis who attended AL-Hakeem Hospital in Najaf Province in Iraq and 24 healthy adults as a control group. Stool examinations were done using standard techniques for the identification of the parasitic infection. Results: The results showed a significantly higher concentration (130.57 ± 4.04 ng/ml, and 130.11 ± 3.6 ng/ml) (p < 0.05 of MUC2 in G. lamblia infected patients (males and females) in comparison to the individuals of the control group. In addition, significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.05) of cholesterol, VLDL, TG, and LDL were found in comparison to the control individuals, whereas the concentration of HDL was significantly lower (p < 0.05 in patients infected with G. lamblia as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The current study revealed that MUC2 and lipid profile are valuable biomarkers that help in the diagnosis of G. lamblia parasite infection.

Background: Globally, Giardia lamblia is one of the major causes of diarrhea in humans and it is the commonest reported gastrointestinal parasite. Thus, the present research work aims to investigate the serum concentration of ghrelin and obestatin in patients with giardiasis. Objective: The current study was designed to determine of G. lamblia infection effects on some biomarkers such as ghrelin and obestatin. Methods: The study was conducted on 48 patients infected with G. lamblia and 48 healthy persons, who attended the general hospital of AL-Hakeem in Najaf city from September to December 2018. The results: The results showed a highly significant decrease (P<0.0001) in serum concentration of ghrelin and a highly significant increase (P<0.0001) in serum concentration of obestatin in G. lamblia infected patients (28.85ng/ ml ±3.2) and (186.53ng/ml ± 1.56) respectively, in comparison to the control group (81.39ng/ml ± 3.8) and (92.89ng/ml ±2.9) respectively, with a significant positive association between the concentrations of ghrelin and obestatin (r = 0.0954). Conclusion: Ghrelin and obestatin are important physiological biomarkers that can support the diagnosis of Giardia lamblia parasite.

Background: Streptococcus pyogenes cause major infectious problems including pharyngitis, scarlet fever, and rheumatic fever Emergence of resistant strains make such infections and relevant complications (e.g., rheumatic valvular disease and glomerulonephritis) a serious clinical challenge especially in children. Aims and objectives: In a maneuver of overcoming the resistance developed by S. pyogenes and improving the ability of antibiotics to fight such bacteria, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSAID is repurposed as antimicrobial against S. pyogenes, in objective to be united with the usual antibiotic mentioned by WHO principle of care. The combination was evaluated for its MIC and combination index versus S. pyogenes. Materials and Methods: From patients, suffering pharyngitis a multidrug-resistant strain of S. pyogenes was insulated. The maximum dangerous isolate was cultivated for MIC determination ceftriaxonemefenamic acid combination in comparison with each alone to establish the combination index. Results and conclusions: There were a pointed synergism concerning ceftriaxonemefenamic acid (index ˂ 1) at P= 0.012 and Z score= 2.3 additional validation of MIC folds of dilutions are to be evaluated to achieve rational evidence. Recommendations: We suggested to additional validate the antistreptococcal effect of the combined ceftriaxonemefenamic acid on more dilutions of MIC assay and to identify the benefit of this combination in patients developed pharyngitis induced by S. pyogenes.

Background: "Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects approximately 1% of the global population and results in chronic synovitis and joint destruction.” It is believed that elevated serum level of cathepsin G (CTSG), a serine protease, contribute to RA pathogenesis and exacerbate disease activity. However, the data about the potential role of CTSG in the diagnosis of RA and disease activity evaluation are limited. The objective of this research is to determine whether CTSG could serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and evaluation of RA activity. Methods: One hundred and thirty-two patients with inflammatory arthritis from the Rheumatology Department at Al-Sader Medical City in Al-Najaf City participated in this cross-sectional study from July 2023 to September 2023. The study included 121 females and 11 males, ranging in age from 18 to 70 years. The level of CTSG and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) in the serum was assessed using ELISA. Other routine tests were evaluated, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and rheumatoid factor (RF). Results: The mean of CTSG was significantly lower in RA patients (110.53 pg/ml ± 49.959) than in those with other types of inflammatory arthritis (132.65 pg/ml ± 30.199). According to “DAS-28 ESR” and “DAS-28 CRP”, the study found no significant difference in CTSG levels across the four disease activity groups (P = 0.585, P = 0.823, respectively). Additionally, CTSG had a significant negative correlation with diabetes mellitus and treatment intake in newly diagnosed RA (P = 0.009, P = 0.041, respectively). This study is the first to evaluate CTSG as an RA diagnostic tool, showing a sensitivity of 70.1% and a specificity of 60.0% at a cut-off value of ≤133.33 pg/ml. Conclusions: The study results suggest that CTSG has potential as a diagnostic biomarker for RA when used alongside other clinical and laboratory criteria. However, it should not be solely relied upon for evaluating RA activity

معرفة مفهوم المقدمة وشرح اهميتها والتعرف علىى خطوات كتابتها واهم خصائصها

المقدمة: منذ نشأته وظهوره في أواخر عام ٢٠١٩، هدد كوفيد-١٩ (COVID-19) صحة الإنسان في جميع أنحاء العالم وأثر أيضًا بشكل كبير على الاقتصاد العالمي.

مقدمة داء فطريات الغشاء المخاطي هو عدوى فطرية انتهازية سريعة التقدم ومجتاحة للأوعية الدموية تسببها الفطريات من رتبة المخاطية. واعتمادًا على الاعراض السريرية ، يتم تصنيف الاصابة الى أنفية ، أو رئوية ، أو جلدية ، أو معدية معوية ، أو منتشرة أو غير ذلك ،