Osama Jassim Mohammed Al-mosherefawi

The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the transport network and its structure and installation in Kufa city is fundamental. Because of its efficient role in economic, social, and urban development, enhancing spatial interaction between parts of the city and the diversity of land uses in it. As it is one of the main criteria for judging the extent of the development city, so the problem of research is represented by the following question: What is the reality of the application of transport indicators, both quantitative and qualitative, within the urban transport network in the city of Kufa? To identify the value and importance of these indicators in improving the level of urban transport service. The research assumes a discrepancy in applying quantitative and qualitative transport indicators, especially between one neighborhood and another in the city. These indicators also play a significant role in improving the level of urban transport service. One of the most important conclusions reached by the research is that there is a difference in the road density index concerning the area as it got the maximum percentage in the Al-Rashadiya district by 36.53 km/km 2, while the minimum rate in the Al-Safir district was 4.3 km/km 2. And there is a noticeable discrepancy in the network’s Roads concerning the degree of their connectivity (gamma index) in the study area neighborhoods (0.51-0.62). That means the network interconnection did not reach the total network limit. But, at the qualitative level to judge the quality of the transport service, there may be shortcomings in accessibility and security through a high number of accidents as well as the environmental impact of the high rates of air pollution as a result of reliance on private transportation.

Urban land uses of all kinds are the constituent elements of the urban spatial structure. Because of the influence of economic and social factors, cities in general are characterized by the dynamic state of their elements over time. Urban functions occur in a certain way with different spatial patterns. Hence, urban planners and the relevant urban management teams should understand the future spatial pattern of these changes by resorting to quantitative models in spatial planning. This is to ensure that future predictions are made with a high level of accuracy so that appropriate strategies can be used to address the problems arising from such changes. The Markov chain method is one of the quantitative models used in spatial planning to analyze time series based on current values to predict the series values in the future without relying on the past or historical values of the studied series. The research questions in this study are formulated thus: What are the trends in the patterns of urban land use functions in Al-Najaf, Iraq, between 2005 to 2015? How can the values of the changes be predicted for the year 2025? The hypothesis is based on the increasing spatial functional change of land use patterns in the city during the study period due to various economic and social factors. Making accurate predictions of the size of spatial changes motivates this study as a guide to urban management towards developing possible solutions to address the effects of this change, as well as the need to understand its causes and future upward trends. The contribution of this article is the presented outlook for spatial functions for the next 10 years. The computations using the Markov chain model will enable management to understand future relations and develop appropriate policies to reduce the hazards of unplanned changes in the city. Results show that residential posts, slums, and commercial activities are getting worse, while change values for industrial functions and other things are going down.

Abstract The new sustainable development goals set by the UN include a goal of making cities inclusive, safe, sustainable, and resilient. Cities are growing at huge rates, and conditions of deteriorating QOL̛ s are increasing in the form of poor access to services, and slums are remarkable, especially in the cities of the Middle East; hence, the research problem can arise from a lack of knowledge regarding the in determination of a way to assess the resilience of cities to develop mechanisms that will improve the quality of urban life. In this study, a tool called CRF has been applied for the assessment of the city's resilience principles of health and quality of life, economics and social, infrastructure and environmental systems, and the principles of governance and strategic leadership. The research aims to determine the efficiency of Kufa City in achieving the principles of resilience according to the CRF. The research is based on the descriptive analytical method. The research concluded that the city of Kufa achieves low levels of some indicators of resilience, especially on the imposition of security and the rule of law, transportation, and communications, and achieves reasonable rates of resilience regarding opportunities for creating a sustainable economy and achieving basic needs. Keywords: Resilience of Cities; Resilience Framework; CRF; Urban Containment; Goals; Indicators; Al-Kufa; Al-Najaf

Green areas are an essential component of city planning, as they serve as an outlet for them to spend their free time, in addition to the environmental role that these green areas play in improving the city's climate by purifying the air and beautifying the city. The study's problem is summarized in identifying the appropriateness of the current spatial distribution of green areas in the city of Najaf with the current population densities and the pattern in which green areas are distributed using GIS and knowing the per capita share of those green areas in the city, the research assumes that the inconsistency of spaces between regions Green and residential neighbourhoods need to conform to the standards for the individual share. The research also aims to know the reality of the green areas in the holy city of Najaf using GIS to take advantage of the capabilities provided by the program in the field of entering and analysing

الاعتماد على تكنولوجيا المعلومات والبيانات الرقمية بشتى المجالات ساهم وبشكل كبير في تغيير نمط الحياة للسكان في المدن اذ ظهرت مدن تعتمد على تقنيات المعلومات والذكاء الاصطناعي بشتى المجالات ومن ضمنها النقل، التحول نحو المدن الذكية يتطلب بناء منظومة رقمية متكاملة متعددة الجوانب، يتمركز اهتمامنا في هذا السياق حول رقمنة منظومة النقل وبناء خدمات رقمية متصلة بشبكة نقل ذكية تمكن مستخدمي شبكة النقل في مدينة الكوفة من الاستفادة من خدمات هذه المنظومة في اوجه متعددة، لذا يركز البحث على مشكلة التحديات التي تواجه مستخدمي شبكة النقل في مدينة الكوفة من حيث حصول تأخير زمني أثناء عملية التنقل داخل المدينة إضافة الى زيادة الحوادث المرورية والتلوث البيئي بفعل الازدحامات المرورية. ويفترض البحث ان رقمنة منظومة النقل في مدينة الكوفة يُعد عامل أساسي في وضع مدينة الكوفة على خارطة المدن الذكية. ويهدف الى تسليط الضوء على اهمية رقمنة خدمات النقل لدعم المدن من خلال بناء تطبيق يتيح لمستخدمي شبكة النقل في مدينة الكوفة: تحديد المستخدم لموقعه بالإضافة الى تحديد أقصر مسار للوصول الوجهة المطلوبة والزمن المستغرق للوصول اليها، اعلام المستخدم بمواقع وسائل النقل العام على شبكة النقل، تعريف المستخدم بجميع مرافق النقل والاستعمالات الاخرى الموجودة في مدينة الكوفة. تطرق البحث خلال المبحث الأول الى مفهوم النقل الذكي وما يرتبط به من مفاهيم أخرى إضافة الى مفهوم الرقمنة وأهدافها، وأخيرا خرجنا في المبحث الثاني بمقترح الدراسة المتمثل ببناء تطبيق يحقق اهداف البحث. ومن اهم الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها البحث تقليل معدل حركة وسائط النقل في حال التوسع باستخدام التطبيق المقترح في مدينة الكوفة اذ انه يساهم في تدني مستوى الازدحامات المرورية وصولاً الى تقليل معدلات استهلاك الطاقة بالتالي خفض مستوى التلوث البيئي، كما ان استمرار تبني مثل هكذا تطبيقات في سياق رقمنة الخدمات يؤدي الى توفير الجهد والوقت والكلفة على مستخدمي شبكة النقل.

Flooding is a widely occurring normal risk that noticeably damages the environment. This paper presents an overall study of the flood analysis and prediction using Geographical Information system (GIS). Residential use from different land uses in this region were high in their areas (m²) and their cost. Later the presence of risk assessment mapping in this study will help the concerned authorities to formulate their development strategies according to the available risk to the area. Depend on the approach adopted in this study, the results showed production of the buffering region for flooding zone around the study region, showed the land use maparound the study region, also, by calculated the area which affected and the cost of restructured this. We found that the flood would affect the activities usage of land as Residential> Green area> Trade and Business> Public and civil services> Commercial> Green corridors> Industry and use> Pedestrian area> municipal benefits> Religious area and buildings. Of course, the cost of reconstruction of these areas will be consistent with the degree of vulnerability and damage that will be incurred as it has been estimated through the model used in this research

Participation of the lecturer (Osama Jassim Al-Musharawi) within the work team of the College of Physical Planning to complete the spatial development plan 2021-2023 for the Al-Najaf Governorate.

https://physicalplanning.uokufa.edu.iq/archives/12137

Prediction of Urban Spatial Changes Pattern Using Markov Chain https://www.civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/3378

The researcher Osama Jassem Muhammad Abbas obtained a master’s degree in urban and regional planning with a general grade of “excellent” from the Urban and Regional Planning Center for Graduate Studies / University of Baghdad, for a thesis entitled “Digitalization analysis of spatial information and its impact on transforming Kufa into a smart city - Intelligent transportation model.” .