نهاد حبيب مطلك الأزيرجاوي

This study was carried out under green house condition in Al-Najaf province to evaluate the efficiency of some of bio-control fungi and abacteria individually (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viridi , Chaetumium globosum,Bacillus subtilis,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Azotobacter vinelandii) and incombination as OrganiCul-ITM,commertial products(Trichoderma harzianum,Trichoderma viridi, Bacillus subtilis,Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azotobacter vinelandii) to protect tomato plants against Rhizoctonia solani ,the causative agent of root rot and seedling damping-off diseases. The antagonistic and promotional abilities of T.harzianum , T. viride, ,C.globosum, B. subtilis,P. fluorescens, A.vinelandii were achieved against R. solani in vitro in dual culture assay and in green house.Antagonistic test showed that T. harzianum isolate was significantly reduced the mycelial diameter of R. solani which reach to 16.10 mm on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium incompare with R. solani Kuhn isolate that was 90 mm, so the inhibition percentage of mycelial growth of R. solani Kuhn by T. harzianum was 82.21%.

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using two isolates of biocontrol fungi - Trichoderma harzianum. (T.h.a ), and Trichoderma harzianum (T.h.t ) with rice straw on improvement of growth (total nitrogen and chlorophyll a,b contents in the leaves) and productivity (plant hight , weight of 1000 grains and yield ) of a local wheat - class ( Eba a -95).To attaining these aims , two experiments were carried out , the first was a laboratory experiment that included isolation, purification fungi from wheat field while the second experiment was conducted in at AL- Mishkhab region wheat field, / AL-Najaf province for growing season 2013. The results appear that Aspergillus nieger has the highest frequency 28.31% at the pre-planting period, while Trichoderma harizianum reached the highest frequency 43.20% at the end of growing season. The field treatment (Soil with rice straw that treated by the spores suspension (104) of bio agent T.h.t.) gave a significant differences of total nitrogen in wheat leaves that reached 2.652 %, in compare with control 2.450%,the results ,also showed a significant differences in contents of wheat leaves of chlorophyll a, b which amounted 3.320, 1.303 mg/gm in compare with control 2.911, 1.110 mg/gm, respectively

Abstract. This study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory of the ecology department, faculty of science, in order to evaluate the effect of Bombax ceiba leaves extract and Pleurotus ostreatus fungi filterate to treat some of dermatophytic fungi . A bout 50 samples of infectious fungi were collected for isolation. The samples that isolated from skin scraps, human nail clippings, and the fingers were diagnosed as Aspergillus fumigantus which was (41.57%) followed by Aspergillus niger of (37.36%) while other isolated fungi represented 22% on (SDA) medium. The results showed that the epidermis is the most infected by the fungus which reached (54%) in compared with the rest of the body,also the results indicated that the percentage of infection of males was more than females which was 64%The results also , showed that the tested samples on SDA medium, were highly sensitive (100%) to the extract of bombax ceiba leaves in compared with the other antimicrobial artificial agents (Griseofulvin, Miconazole, Nystatin, ketoconazole. wheras the inhibition diameters for studied fungi were 2.5 mm,2mm.1mm and 0 mm, respectively,While the inhibitory effect of the Pleurotus ostreatus fungus filterate was found to be less than susceptibility from the bombax leaves extract which was 75% of petridish area.

A field study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of four microbial insecticides viz. Beauveria bassiana; HaNPV (Helicoverpa armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis virus); (Bacillus thuringiensisvar.kurstaki 2 gm/L); HaNPV+Bt; neem oil; neem cake and D.D.V.P EC 76% @0.05% at Research Farm SHIATS,Allahabad during rabi season of 2011 -2012. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatment and replicated thrice. The observation larval populations of H. armigera were recorded one day before treatment was recorded at 3,7, and 10 days after treatments. The larva population of H. armigera appeared in the third week of February (8 the Standard week) and reached its peak of 14.65 larvae in first week of April and decline rapidly with maturation of crop. There was only one peak in the larval population observation in the 1st week. Bacillus thuringiensis was the most effective chemical by D.D.V.P.76%@0.05% . Among the microbial insecticides. HaNPV ,was the most effective followed by HaNPV+Bt and neem cake . The combination treatments were less effective than the individual treatment neem oil and B. bassiana were the least effective treatment in reducing the larval population of Heliverpa armigera.

The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of Borago officinalis plant extract in the growth and pathogenesis of Rhizoctonia solani causing seeds rot and seedlings death of okra, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the bio-control fungus Chaetomium globosum in suppressing pathogenic R. solani where was used alone or incorporated with Borage plant remain powder at different rate in potting soil. Pathogenicity tests showed that R. solani caused completely seed rot and no seedlings at all, while germination rate was 96.6% from seeds inoculated with Ch. globosum. The in vitro experiment showed that the culture media treated with Borage extracts at all tested concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100%) were significantly effective and reduced R. solani radial growth compared to that of the control (PDA). Adversely, these media at same extract concentrations resulted in significantly higher radial growth of Ch. globosum compared to its growth on the control media.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation of chemical compounds of five pesticides (Bayfidan EC, Bulldock EC, Oberon SC, Galaxy SL and Trayf EC) using the magnetic field interacted with two fungal species Aspergillus falavus and A. terres. Pesticides in the concentrated form were exposed to a magnetic field (0) for a period of 720 h and were used based on the recommended dose in two different culture media (PDA and PDB) to test the biodegradation level by the two fungi. The insecticide Bulldock was more toxic after exposure to the magnetic field and resulted in more inhibition rate on A. flavus than non- magnetized. Exposure to magnetic field did not differ from non-exposure in terms of A. terres growth on both Bulldock and Oberon culture media. The biodegradation of Trayf was slightly affected by magnetic field exposure while galaxy was not affected. Bayfidan degradation was affected by the magnetic field. This magnetized fungicide was more toxic to A. terres, causing an inhibition rate of 54.33%.

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