Noura Khalid Abdulhussein Al Fatlawi

This paper explores how exaggerated discourse is used to construct emotional intensity and ideological meaning in Hussaini elegies. Five extracts of elegies are analyzed in the paper based on the Critical Discourse Analysis, in particular the models of Norman Fairclough and Teun A. van Dijk, along with the theory of Appraisal. The results indicate that emotional expression is realised in a systematic way via somatic imagery, hyperbole, and cosmological metaphors, in which grief is embodied and universal instead of individual. The writings produce a polarized discursive level of morals, which implicitly sacrify martyrdom and declaim wrongdoing. The strategies of these languages work on the social practice level of ritual mourning to develop a sense of collective identity and recreate communal memory. The paper argues that exaggerated discourse is an ideological process which transforms previous trauma into intergenerational emotional heritage and it is by this process that cultural and religious meaning of Karbala is perpetuated.

Epistemic modality marks the degree of certainty or reliability in discourse, reflecting the speaker’s or writer’s stance toward truth. This study investigates whether AI-generated texts resemble human discourse in their use of epistemic modal markers in English and Arabic. A corpus of ChatGPT responses was compiled, consisting of 60 prompts (30 English, 30 Arabic) across six fields: medicine, education, science, law, religion, and sustainability. The data were analyzed statistically using SPSS and interpreted through Halliday’s (2004) framework, employing a contrastive approach that highlighted similarities and differences between the two languages. The study also examined whether AI reflects cultural conventions in its output. Findings revealed that Arabic responses displayed a stronger preference for high-certainty expressions than English, though both maintained an objective orientation. Overall, the results suggest that while ChatGPT projects confidence in both languages, Arabic responses exhibited greater assertiveness, potentially influenced by cultural and linguistic norms.

Many people face difficulties in understanding Holy Qur'anic expressions, especially those of body organs asking about the purpose of using such words in a specific context where they are said. The study examines the usage of human body parts as a source domain in which they have been bodily metopharized or embodied metaphorically to facilitate our mental processes in comprehending the glorious Qur'anic conceptual meanings (the target domain). These parts are separated into internal body parts, such as the heart and vein, and external body parts, such as the head parts, hands, and feet. Each linguistic word might be mapped on more than one conceptual meaning according to the context where the verse is been said. The data were collected utilizing observation. It was analyzed cognitively using Lakoff and Johnson's embodiment as a model of analysis. Finally, the study revealed the significance of using body metaphors in perceiving body parts expressions used in Quranic verses.

The current study adopts the critical discourse analysis to investigate the way presenters of Al-Sharqyia Satellite Channel use to view events and actions during the Iraqi demonstrations. It aims to show the presenters' prejudices whether they are with Us (the Iraqi protesters) or with Them (the government). It also tries to investigate that Al-Sharqia presenters are neutral or not, and prejudiced with one-sided ideology towards the conflicted parties. The focus of the problem is to show whether reports are prejudiced towards the Iraqi protesters rather than the government's security forces or not through observing the discourse features in which one can understand the ideology of the text or the talk by following Van Dijk's model. Al-Sharqyia News presenters' ideologies will be analyzed through the use of some discourse features following Van Dijk's (1998) model of 'ideological square'. It concludes that the presenters are not impartial; rather, they have a biased ideology that favors the demonstrators in Iraq against the government.

The current study is a social semiotic study in which it indicates the relationships between language and social structure' so that it gives the Iraqi people their identity. It investigates the language used by demonstrators and Iraqi people on October 25, 2020. The language used are among ""جوكرية or "عصابات الجوكر" (Jokers), "سوبرتك تك" , "جبل أحد" , "مندسين", "ذيل" or "ذيول", "القمصان البيض", and "القمصان السود". The researcher explores the meaning of the aforementioned terminologies and analyzes them using Barthes semiotic model of sign and interpretation. The words are interpreted in terms of denotation, connotation, and myth. Ultimately, it concludes that these lexicons give the Iraqi people their culture. These lexicons are entries that can be added to the Iraqi Colloquial Dialect Dictionary.