Nibras Hussein Abdulsada Al-Ghuraibawi

-Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) considered one of the main complex and heterogeneous endocrine syndromes of females in the pregnancy age , it is commonly accompanied by insulin resistance (IR). Current study aimed to compare adiponectin and ghrelin levels between females with PCOS and healthy females, also inspect the association between ghrelin and adiponectin levels in addition to predict their use as diagnostic factors for the disease, finally to study the connection between adiponectin and ghrelin with lipid profiles and IR in PCOS females . Subjects and Methods: The present case-control study involved 120 females; 60 with PCOS and 60 age-matched healthy controls. Fasting serum levels of glucose, lipid profiles, insulin, adiponectin, ghrelin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), were assessed. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and body mass index (BMI) also estimated. The statistical analysis of the data were done by using SPSS 22 . Results: The findings revealed that serum adiponectin level elevated significantly in females with PCOS as compared with control, while ghrelin level decreased significantly in females with PCOS in compared to control. Furthermore, results showed that adiponectin levels were positively correlated with BMI, fasting glucose (FG), low density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, LH, FSH, and SHBG in PCOS females; while it was negatively correlated with high density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL) and ghrelin. On the other hand, ghrelin levels were negatively correlated with BMI, TC, TG, LDL, LH, FSH and adiponectin; but it was positively correlated with FG, HDL, insulin, HOMA-IR, and SHBG. Conclusion: Patients with PCOS have increased levels of adiponectin and decreased levels of ghrelin than that of control group. Also adiponectin was positively correlated with lipid profile and BMI; while ghrelin negatively correlated with them. For this, adiponectin and ghrelin levels may be beneficial in assessing metabolic abnormalities in PCOS. Keywords---Polycystic ovarian syndrome; Adiponectin; Ghrelin; Insulin resistance.

Abstract Cigarette smoking is a risk factor associated with different diseases, claiming millions of lives annually. Smoking status has been studied for a long time and proved to be a major cause of smokers' decreased immunity. In the present pandemic COVID-19 disease, there was an unclear belief about the effect of smoking on patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the current cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on the sequelae of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study involved 200 COVID-19 patients (114 males and 86 females) aged 13-77 years. A number of 87 patients were smokers, and the rest of them were nonsmokers. All patients underwent a comprehensive laboratory assessment and diagnosis by full medical history by the physicians. The results indicated a significant difference (P<0.001) between smokers and non-smokers in terms of hypertension, anticoagulant, steroid therapy, pulmonary lesion, oxygen saturation, and duration of disease. As an overall conclusion, it can be stated that COVID-19 is less severe in smokers and they require less intensive treatment. Keywords: Cigarette smoking, COVID-19, Smokers, Non-smoker

Objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the synovium and articular cartilage that initiates joint damage. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a change in many inflammatory biomarkers. The present study aims to examine the diagnostic ability of inflammatory adipocytokines (chemerin and visfatin) and their ratio for RA disease. Material and methods The study recruited 60 RA patients and 30 healthy controls. Serum visfatin and chemerin were measured using the ELISA technique. Some related parameters including body mass index (BMI), lipid profile components, C-reactive protein (CRP), and uric acid levels were also determined and correlated with the level of these adipokines. Results Serum chemerin, visfatin, CRP, and uric acid (UA) levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in RA patients than those of the control group. The multivariate general linear model (GLM) analysis showed that 70.7% of the change in the level of measured parameters can be explained by the presence of RA disease (partial η2 = 0.707, p < 0.001). To explore which parameter was affected by the diagnosis, the results of tests between subjects showed that all biomarkers were affected significantly by the diagnosis and the greater effects were on CRP (partial η2 = 0.480, p < 0.001) followed by chemerin (partial η2 = 0.295, p < 0.001), while visfatin showed partial η2 = 0.079 only. Chemerin showed the highest sensitivity (88.1%) and specificity (75.9%) for diagnosis of RA at cut-off concentration = 187.88 ng/ml as compared with other parameters. Conclusions Chemerin and visfatin levels are affected by RA disease when adjusted for other cofounders. The present results suggest that serum chemerin can be used as an inflammatory marker of RA patients as it has good sensitivity and specificity.

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine illness associated with various changes in the immune system and adaptor protein levels. Cytokine dependent hematopoietic cell linker (CLNK) is an adapter protein that regulates immune receptor signaling and acts as a regulator of the receptor signaling of T-cells and natural killer cells. The role of CLNK in T2DM is not studied previously. In the present study, serum CLNK level was measured and correlated with some sociodemographic and insulin resistance (IR) parameters. To achieve these goals, we measured CLNK level and insulin parameters (glucose, insulin, HbA1c, in addition to the calculation of the functions of IR (HOMA2IR), insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S), and beta-cell function (HOMA%B)) in 60 T2DM patients and 30 controls. The results indicated a significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum CLNK in patients group in comparison with the controls. Multivariate generalized linear model (GLM) analysis revealed no significant effect of age, BMI, and sex on the CLNK level. The results of tests for between-subjects showed that the CLNK affects diagnosis significantly (F = 7.445, p = 0.008, partial η2 = 0.081) and its effect is approximately the same as the effect of insulin (F = 8.107, p = 0.006, partial η2 = 0.087). The correlation study showed a highly significant positive correlation between CLNK and the duration of disease (rho = 0.420, p < 0.001). It can be concluded that the increase CLNK in T2DM revealing the role of the adaptor proteins level in the progression of the disease and may act as a predictor for diabetes complications, which deserves more investigations. Keywords Diabetes Mellitus . Insulin resistance . Cytokines . Adaptor proteins . CLNK

Abstract Introduction: Diabetes mellitus may be associated with many complications including diabetic nephropathy and pulmonary impairment, the pathogenesis and progression of these complications may be related to oxidative stress. Bilirubin, which is a non-polar molecule have antioxidant properties. The relationship between occurrence, development and prognosis of diabetic complications and bilirubin concentration had become a research focus. However, no study has evaluated the relationship between protective effect of bilirubin on both diabetic nephropathy and pulmonary impairment in type II diabetic patients.

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus type II can lead to acute and chronic complications. The progression of many complications might be explained via modification of connective tissue and microangiopathy which result from hyperglycemia. The major microvascular structure in the body is the pulmonary alveolar- capillary network which might be possibly influenced by diabetic microangiopathy. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), remains a major end-organ complication in diabetes. Complications of diabetes including pulmonary dysfunction and diabetic nephropathy have an analogous microangiopathic origin.

Pulmonary Function Tests by Dr. Nibras Hussein [email protected] June 22, 2021 Articles, Scientific activities Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are an integral part of a pulmonary evaluation. They have evolved from tools of physiologic study to clinical tools with a wide variety of applications, including case management, occupational health screening, sports medicine testing, and quantifying impairment, among others. Although a contemporary pulmonary function lab uses a host of sophisticated equipment,

Origin of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing COVID-19 [email protected] ?????? 17, 2021 ????????? ???????, ?????? by Dr. Nibras Hussein Abdulsada([email protected]) First human cases of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus causing COVID-19, subsequently named SARS-CoV-2 were first reported by officials in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 was identified in early January and its genetic sequence shared publicly on 11-12 January. The full genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 from the early human cases and the sequences of many other virus isolated from human cases from China and all over the world since then show that SARS-CoV-2 has an ecological origin in bat populations.