نجلاء ناجي جفات الحمودي

The current study investigated the microorganisms responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs) among patients in Al Najaf Province. A total of 250 urine samples were collected from male and female patients diagnosed with UTIs at local hospitals. These samples were cultured on Blood and MacConkey agars, then analyzed through microscopic examination and biochemical tests E.coli was the most prevalent microorganism, with a higher percentage than other bacteria (35%), then Staphylococcus (26%), Streptococcus (18%), Klebsiella (6%), Enterobacter (5%), Pseudomonas (4%), Proteus (2.4%) respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that E. coli exhibited resistance to several antibiotics, specifically (SXT, GEN, CFM, VA, OX, CX, AMC, APX, P), and Staphylococcus showed complete resistance to all tested antibiotics. Klebsilla displayed resistance to (CFM, APX, SXT, CX). Additionally, Proteus demonstrated resistance to (CFM, SXT, APX). Further, Enterobacter were resistant to (AMC, APX, CFM, CX, GEN, SXT), while Streptococcus showed resistance to (APX, VA, CX, CFM, GEN, SXT, AMC).

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting 1% of the population .Aim and objective: Study designed to determine the role of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF- α )in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis for specific period of time and healthy controls. Subjects and methods: Blood samples were taken from 68 patients with rheumatoid arthritis Hospital in Thi-Qar province/Iraq and 20 healthy controls. All the information were taken from the patients and controls. An Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for estimation TNF-α . Results: The study showed that females are more susceptible to RA than males. Also the study showed common age group between (41-50) years of age was more than other groups. TNF-α showed a significant increase in RA patient compared to a healthy peoples . The mean of TN-α in patient was (41.6 ± 14.1) while in control (5.16 ± 1.58) ,in male patient and control mean was (45.9 ± 13.8),(4.88 ± 1.48 ) while in female patient and control mean was (41.2 ±13.7),(5.26 ±1.65) respectively. Conclusions: The study conclude that the levels of TNF-α play the important role in patients with RA, also TNF-α is the initiator of inflammation associated with the disease .The genetic factors may have a vital role to progression the RA.

The present study aimed to focus on a group of patients with periodontitis by evaluating the levels of cytokines in their sera because its play an important role in both the immune system and the pathogenicity of the disease. These cytokines included (IL-17,IL-8,IL-23 and TGF-β1). Three type of specimens (pocket swab, saliva and blood) were collected from sixty patients at attending dentistry clinics of AL-Kufa University and AL-Kafil University in Najaf during 1 February to 30 May 2017 .The age group of patients were range from 19-60 years included 39 males and 21 females) while the control group were 20 healthy subjects 11male and 9 female . Vitek-2 compact system was used to identification of bacteria. The study has shown that gram positive bacteria more than gram negative. The most common bacterial species isolated were Streptococcus spp , ,Granulecatilla spp , Staphylococcus spp, Kocuria spp, , Rothia spp, Gammella spp in patients with ratio (63.3% , 50% , 18.3% , 10% , 13.3% , 11.6% ) respectively .When comparison of concentration of cytokines with bacterial species ,the results showed that significant difference between IL-23 with bacterial species while no significant with other cytokines and immunoglobulins.

. Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli شخصت العزلات البكتيرية العائدة لبكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis هي الأكثر شيوعاً من بين العزلات E.coli وكانت عزلات Klebsiella pneumonia, المرضية وشكلت نسبة ( 56%) وبلغت (70) عزلة . أبدت العزلات الجرثومية مقاومة للعديد من المضادات الحيوية المستخدمة في الدراسة وأظهرت انماط متعددة للمقاومة وكانت حساسة للنيتروفيرون والسبروفلوكساسين . استخدم عدد من النباتات الطبية لأجل اختبار فعاليتها المضادة للجراثيم بطريقة الانتشار من الحفر . اظهر المستخلص المائي للثوم (الأبصال) Allium sativum أعلى فعالية مضادة للجراثيم قيد الدراسة ثم المستخلص المائي الحريرة الذرة الصفراء Zea mays تلاهما كل من مستخلص قدرة عالية على قتل جراثيم E.coli خلال عشرين دقيقة من معاملتها بالمستخلص بينما اظهر المستخلص المائي الحريرة الذرة الصفراء قدرة على قتل جراثيم E.coli خلال ساعتين . تم اختبار السمية الخلوية للمستخلصات المائية حيث لم يُظهر أي منها أية سمية خلوية ضد كريات الدم الحمراء للأغنام .

Abstract The 100 American cockroaches were collected from various sites of AL-hussian educational general hospital and 42 cockroaches from residential areas 89 out of 100 (89 %) cockroaches showed contamination with fungi . The results revealed isolation and identification 10 fungal species from surface and digestive tract which included candida albicans (19.13 %) , C.parapsiosis (9.56 %) , C.tropicalis (10.43 %) ,Aspergillus niger (12.17 %) , Penicillium sp (13.91%) , Rhizopus sp (6.95%) , Mucor sp (1.73 %) and each C.krusi, A.flavus, A.fumigatus (8.69 %) . In addition the results showed 12 out of 100 (12 %) cockroaches were contamination with parasites and there were Enterobius vermicalars (41.16 %) , Ascaris (25 %) , Ancylostoma and Entamoeba histolytica each (16.7%) . 18 out of 42 (42.85 %) were caught from residential areas showed contamination with 6 fungal species belong to 3 genera Candida spp, Aspergillus spp and Penicillium sp . When antifungal sensitivity test was done . The fungal species showed resistance against antifungal and have no difference statistically significant between resistance of fungi that isolated from cockroaches which collected from hospital and that fungi isolated from cockroaches trapped from residential areas .

The current study included the isolation and identification of some bacteria that causes inflamation of otitis media. Samples were collected from various patients in the consultative clinic of the AL-Habubi hospital in the governorate of Thi-Qar at the period from17/2-20/3/2012. The bacteria isolation was diagnosed depending on the properties of culture and using biochemical tests to show the ability of this bacteria of some producing some enzymes (positive or negative) Gram stain . The diagnosis 93 (53.14%) isolates of P. aeruginosa While number of isolates of Genus Staphylococcus was 67 (38.82 %) distributed as follows 55 (31.42%) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 12 (6.85%) isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis .A s isolation of genus Streptococcus 15 (8.57%) acters bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae. The results appeared high varialabelty to antibiotic using , As bacteria P. aeruginosa showed high resistance for antibiotics ( Amoxcillen , Ampicillin ,Ceftazdime ) and lowest resistance for Cefotaxime is percentage of (13.89%) . As for S. aureus the high resistance was for antibiotics Rifampicin, Ampicillin, Trimethprim, Amoxcillen (100, 38.67, 34.45, 36.67) respectively while high sensitivity was for Cefotaxime in ratio (90.54%). As for S. pneumoniae high resistance was for antibiotic Amoxcillen in ratio(95.69%) while high sensitivity to Cefotaxime in ratio (90.78%) also resistant for antibiotics Ampicillin, Rifampicin , Trimethprim, Ceftazdime in ratio (28.97,30.86,37.46, 65.78%) respectively.