نادية حبيب سرحان الشيباني

Fasting is the voluntary abstinence from food and drink for a fixed period of time while remaining faithful to certain rules. Fasting has been practiced by humans since ancient time. Fasting involved in the regulation of many metabolic processes correlated with transitioning into a process capable of Energy production and carbon-based metabolism mainly from Tissue adipose and muscular parts. The differences in the levels in the blood hormones and metabolites help to lower and eventually defend normal cells from chemical insults in the cell division and metabolic activityFasting Can induce an anti-warburg response by reducing glucose absorption Carriers (GLUTs) and aerobic glycolysis and force cancer cells to Improve in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos); It improves efficiency in cancer cells and, subsequently, toxic products of reactive oxygen (ROS). DNA, p53, DNA damage , and death of the cells , particularly Chemotherapy response,Fasting serves as improving anti-tumour immunity By Fasting or FMD.

:Hydatid cyst is a disease that is transmitted from the lactating animals that come into contact with a person, and its danger is to generate hydatid cysts that may put pressure on some vital organs in the human body. Here comes the role of joint infection with other pathogens such as the hepatitis C virus, especially in the same organs that are infected with the parasite, which may result from these mixed infections serious disease complications

The current study was designed to investigate some variables that affect the individual’s readiness to contract coronavirus (COVID-19) for a specific sample in the Najaf governorate. About 70 cases have participated in the questionnaire that was put on social media for the period from (1 March 2020) to (1 May 2020) of the population of the Najafi community – Iraq. The ages ranged between (16-70) years. The overall results obtained in this study showed that a group of variables showed a high willingness in the individual to contract Coronavirus, such as not taking vitamins, zinc, and complementary minerals and less exposure to the sun to support the immune system at a rate of (58.57%), The use of surgical masks instead of masks N95 and the use of Dettol at a high rate when studying the study to get rid of the virus and eliminate it by ratios (88.57%, 47.14%) respectively At a probability level (P < 0.05 ). In addition, there was a lack of awareness of preventive methods, such as continuing to wash hands with soap and water in the proportion (8.57%) of the total sample. Use of tissue during sneezing in the public, with average proportions (37.14%) with the participation of samples from most of the Residential neighborhoods in Najaf. The results also showed the variance of the mean value according to each axis which were, first axis (health activities), second axis (Commitment to prevention methods) and third axis (Commitment to instructions in light of the conditions of society and instructions) with values of 2.12, 2.75 and 2.22, respectively, beside the relationship and connection among them.

Exosomes are produced by an endocytic cellular route which consists of three steps:first: Cellular membranes invagination forms the endocytic vesicles, then,The inward budding of the endosoma membrane starts at the second level, and multivesicular bodies emerge.. In third and last step the multivascular bodies combine with the cell membrane and Produces the substances of the vesicular, exosomes are used to transfer Set cell prostaglandins to specific cells exosomes Represent a new mode of contact between cells, which in many biological processes may play a significant role, for example, immune response,Transduction of signals,antigen presentation- Intercellular communication mediated by exosome Cells usually communicate with surrounding cells by direct cell-cell touch, involving interaction of the gap between the cell’s surface proteins and protein c interactions   Communicate with regional cells via induction soluble Factors like: hormones as well as cytokines Improve the transmission of the signals, Electrical and chemical signals. And also Exosomes may play a role in the process of metabolic conditions and cardiovascular disorders they were found to hold metabolites and allowing intra - cellular communication by exosomal miRNA exchange between skeletal muscles , adipose tissue, pancreatic b-cells, and the mouse liver and the human .

Hepatitis means inflammation and destroy of the liver cells, caused by viruses and less commonly by bacteria and other microscopic organisms, Most cases of viralhepatitis are caused by one of the following agents: Hepatitis A virus (HAV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Hepatitis D virus (HDV), Hepatitis E virus (HEV)(1). Hepatitis C virus infection is one of the major public health problem in both developed and developing countries since discovering at 1989 (2). Over 170 million people globally are infected with the HCV, the spontaneous recovered individual about 20-30% to HCV, while 70-80% of HCV infected individual remain chronically, furthermore, 3-11% of those patients will progress to cirrhosis of liver within 20 years with related to threat of hepatocyte failure and liver cancer (3). The virion of hepatitis C virus is characterized by a small size (40-60) nm in diameter, spherical and sometimes appeared as pleomorphic viral particle; it possess an isometric core 30-35 nm in diameter surrounded by a lipoprotein bilayer as envelope, from it small (6 nm) spike like surface projections are protruded from the outer surface and may correspond to the envelope glycoproteins which are two types envelope glycoprotein1 (E1) and envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2) on the virion surface, and non-structural proteins (NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, NS5B)(4, 5).

Description This study was conducted to determine the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus sp on pseudomonas aeroginosa isolated from wounds, All samples were cultured on blood agar and Mackonkey agar, incubated at 37C for 24h. the results showed that P. aeuroginosa is the most common causative agent of wound infections isolate. Also found a high resistant to different types of antibiotic, 20 isolates (66%) were resist to amoxiclav While 29 isolates (96%) were resist to Ceftzidime and Cefataxime, 30 (100%) were resist to nalidixic acid, 24 (80%) were resist to Ciprofloxacin, while 22 (73%) were resist to norfloxacin. Antimicrobial effect of Lactobacilli spp. on P. aeruginosa using agar disc method showed that high inhibition zone 21 isolates (70%) were well inhibition zone around the disk that made from L. acidophilus.