Nada Falih Mahdi Almudhafar

Titanium dioxide TiO2 nanorods were successfully grown on conductive glass FTO substrate using the hydrothermal method at a temperature of 160 oC. Surface topography, structure, and optical characteristics were studied according to the influence of annealing temperature (450, 550, and 650) oC. The surface topography results reveal that the TiO2 had nanorods structure with a tetragonal shape, and the rod diameter increases from 84.2 nm to 116.6 nm with increasing the annealing temperature. The crystal structure of the grown TiO2 NRs exhibits a high crystallinity of polycrystalline nature with anatase and rutile phases. The preferential orientation was along (204) plane for anatase tetragonal structure. AFM image shows an intense edge, uniform surface morphology, and increased grain diameter with annealing temperature. The optical properties of TiO2 NRs were investigated, and the absorption edge shows a blue shifting as the annealing temperature increases when considering the crystallinity and morphology changes. The energy band gap was found to be lower than 3 eV, which can be attributed to the presence of anatase and rutile phases with an increment range from 2.72 to 2.86 nm alongside the increase in the annealing temperature. The results indicate that the adopted hydrothermal method and the synthesized TiO2 NRs were suitable for photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications

This study aims at investigating the thermal properties of various kidney stone types that fragmented by laser. It attempts to understand their behavior during Ho:YAG laser with maximum power of 30 W. The pulse duration is 600

The research aimed to study the components and optical properties of ten calcium oxalate human kidney stones in Al- Sader Medical City in the city of Najaf. The FTIR analyzer for all stone samples was investigated by Bruker Alpha II Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with a Spectral range of 375 - 7500 cm-1. The result shows that every stone sample consists of components like whewellite, weddellite, uric acid, ammonium urate, and carbonate apatite. Still, the highest percentages of the components of the stones are calcium oxalate. The optical absorbance, transmittance, reflectance, and absorption coefficient for all stones were investigated. The result shows the highest absorbance in sample 10, while the values of the absorption coefficient increase with the increase of uric acid content in calcium oxalate stones