Nabil Saheb Mahdi Kubbah

I have experimented this study at college of Science laboratories / Kufa University from 1/6/2003 to 1/2/2004 . biochemical . That resulted of the white rabbits and the study included the following . 1- Indication action of different concentration for lead in total number of red blood cells and packed cell volume and total chloride . Concentration in blood and the total number to the white blood cells and resulting from this study form decreasing (p < 0.05) in total number of red blood cells and paket cell volume and Hemoglobin concentration and making increasing (p < 0.05) in total number of white red cells and as it seems the statistic analysis indicated increasing period of action of injection (p < 0.05) to lowing the total number of red blood cells and packed cell volume and concentration of Hemoglobin and moral increasing in total number of red blood cells as comparing the all resits with controlling group .2- The Study has been experimented to know the action of different concentration for lead at some blood parameter which include packet cell volume and concentration mean . corpuscular hemoglobin . Erythrocyte dasimention Rate and the study indicates existence of decreasing of (p < 0.05) in every volume of red blood cell and concentration mean . corpuscular hemoglobin and the increasing during the period of ingection having moral action during anter evening the time with concentration . Either for Erythrocyte sedimentation Rate the study indicated occurrence decreasing the time and inter evening between the period and concentration comparing with controlling group .

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune genetic disease in which genetic and environmental factors interact to determine susceptibility and phenotype. The aim of the current study were to detect the analytic estimation of serum Sialic acid binding immunoglobulin like lectin-1 level (Siglec-1) as chick point in diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) and relation with hyperglycemia ( Glucose concentration and HbA1c ). Methods: The present study was carried out on diabetes type 1 patients whose invited to diabetes and endocrine center in AL-Najaf province /Iraq at the period from November 1/11/2023 to February 1/2/2024. also included sixty subject (60) (40 males and 20 females) patients and thirty (30) considered as control (apparently healthy), age groups between (5-30) years old , BMI between< 18.5 kg/m2 as underweight and 18,5-24.9 kg/m2 as normal weight with duration of disease at diagnosis (1-7) weeks and (20) years (treated with insulin). Results: The results showed a significant increase (P-Value< 0.05) in glucose fasting and HbA1c values in diabetic patients as comparison with healthy groups , and significant decrease (P-Value < 0.05) in level of Siglec-1. Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay measure of serum Siglec-1 indicated more significant levels for diabetic type 1 patients than healthy controls. Conclusion: The current results indicated a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in Sialic acid binding immunoglobulin like lectin-1 (Siglec-1) in serum of diabetes type 1 patients in compare with control group. The younger age were significantly decrease (p < 0.05) in Siglec-1 levels in compare with older patients. the results of study also protruded a significant decrease in Siclec-1 levels in new diagnosis patients comparison with treated patients, males diabetes type 1 patients were showed a significantly decrease (p < 0,05) in Siglec-1levels in comparison with females diabetes patients, the current results revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in diabetes patients type 1 in Siglec-1 levels with duration of disease new born (1-7) weeks in comparison in older patients ,body mass index in present study not appeared any significant differences (p < 0.05) in levels of Siglec-1 in both normal weight and underweight diabetes type 1 patients. The correlation study showed a negative significant correlation in Siglec-1 levels and both glucose concentration and HbA1c%. The current study concluded that Siglec-1 considered as a prognostic marker used to prediction of diabetes type 1 patients especially in new diagnosed patients in younger age with short duration of disease.

. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune genetic disease in which genetic and environmental factors interact to determine susceptibility and phenotype. The aim of the current study were to detect the analytic estimation of serum Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes antigen-4 level (CTLA-4) in diabetes type 1patients (DM1). Methods: whose invited to diabetes and endocrine center in AL-Najaf province /Iraq at the period from November 2023 to February 2024. also included 90 subject divided into two groups 60 patients group (these patients from both gender and in different ages ,all patients are suffering from diabetes type 1 according to the analyses results and familial history of each patient) and control group 30 persons (apparently healthy), Parameters that estimate in this investigation include: HbA1c , Glucose fating and CTLA-4 estimate by using enzyme linked immune sorbent assay. As well as studying the relation between this biomarker level, Duration disease , diagnosis patients, Body Mass Index (BMI), Age, and Sex. Results: The results showed a significant increase (P-Value< 0.05) in glucose fasting and HbA1c values in diabetic patients as comparison with healthy groups , and significant decrease (P-Value < 0.05) in level of CTLA-4. Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay measure of serum CTLA-4 indicated more significant levels for diabetic type 1 patients than healthy controls. Conclusion: The current results indicated a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in cytotoxic T-lymphocytes antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in serum of diabetes type 1 patients in compare with control group. The younger age were significantly decrease (p < 0.05) in CTLA-4 levels in compare with older patients. the results of study also protruded a significant decrease in CTLA-4 levels in new diagnosis patients comparison with treated patients, males diabetes type 1 patients were showed a significantly decrease (p < 0,05) in CTLA-4 levels in comparison with females diabetes patients, the current results revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in diabetes patients type 1 in CTLA-4 levels with duration of disease new born (1-6) weeks in comparison in older patients ,body mass index in present study not appeared any significant differences (p < 0.05) in levels of CTLA-4 in both normal weight and underweight diabetes type 1 patients. The correlation study showed a negative significant correlation in CTLA-4 levels and both glucose concentration and HbA1c%. The current study concluded that CTLA-4 considered as a prognostic marker used to prediction of diabetes type 1 patients especially in new diagnosed patients in younger age with short duration of disease.