nabil salim saaid tuwaij

Escherichia coli has a major cause of women urinary tract infection, which it harbours various kinds of drug resistance-associated genes. So, the current study examined the prevalence and frequency of genes. These genes are responsible for the resistance of aminoglycoside and

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a signi

Background: Enterococcus faecalis is a common nosocomial pathogen that is a dominant causative agent for urinary tract infection (UTIs) of humans in the community. Materials and Methods: Out of 670 urine specimens were obtained from patients recurred to the main hospitals (Al-Hakeem General, Al-Furat Al-Awsat, and Al-Sadr Medical City), and some chief clinical laboratories in Al-Najaf City. Results: The E. faecalis isolates were recognized based on commercial standard techniques, ChromaticTM Detection, Vitek-2 compact system, and PCR using SodA gene, the result exposed that 21(3.134%) isolates were returned to E. faecalis. The data of current work was revealed out of 670 urine specimens were recorded 452(67.462%) bacterial growth included 142(21.194%) gram-positive and 310(46.268%) was gram- negative while 218(32.537%) was no bacterial growth. The data observed the frequency of urinary tract infections was found to be most in female 507(75.671%) than male163 (24.328%). Furthermore, the rate of E.faecalis isolates in females was 19(90.476%) compared with 2(9.523%) in males. The antibacterial agents' susceptibility of E. faecalis revealed different rates of resistance starting with high rate 21/21(100%) and 20/21(95.238%) of isolates which were resistant to ampicillin and erythromycin respectively, then terminating with lower resistance among these uropathogenic isolates which were 2/21(9.523%) and 3(14.285%) to chloramphenicol and doxycycline respectively. Molecular screening about some virulence factors genes involving asa-1, cyl-A, ebp, pai, and SprE genes were observed at different rates reach 80.952%, 90.476%, 95.238%, 23.809%, and 90.476% respectively. Furthermore, the rate of gyrB and Int-1genes were 95.238% among E. faecalis isolates, while 76.190% of the isolates were harbored blaZ gene. GyrA and tetA genes were not found in the present work. Conclusion: E. faecalis isolates were a significant causative among gram-positive pathogens that generate UTIs to humans. Elevation rates of Multi-drug resistance among isolates of E. faecalis, as well as there, was no drug was absolute inhibition to all isolates in this work and this is a concern source. E. faecalis isolates were harbored most virulence element exception tetA and gyrA were not detected in this work.

Klebsiellapneumoniae is one of the most medical microorganisms that able to cause serious infections. This pathogen a growing concern public health and may be leads to the mortality. The aim of the current research was to investigate and determine aminoglycoside genes resistant as well as antimicrobial agents among isolates of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospital environmental. the current study were revealed among 400 swabs isolated from various origin of hospital environmental only 103(25.75%) were gram negative bacterial isolates, while 28(7%) diagnosis as K. Pneumoniae isolates. Results of anti biogram profile showed concern level of resistance 13(46.42%) of K. Pneumoniae isolates were multi-drug resistance (MDR) compared with 8(28.57%) were extensive-drug resistance (XDR). at same matter, all isolates were sensitive to impenem and meropenem antibiotics. Moreover, The data of Multiple antibiotic resistance index indicate to a huge antibacterial agents used in the hospital environment. Molecular data were revealed a high str A-B gene among K. Pneumoniae isolates reached to 0/28(%).compared with 2/28(%) and 1/28(%) for aacC-1 and aac(6′)/aph(2′) genes respectively. At same time, aacC-2, aph(3′)-IIIa and ant(4′)-Ia were no observed in this study.

The main aim of this study is to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the prevalence of two extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes (bla-SHV and bla-TEM) in 80 K. pneumoniae isolates from older of inpatients (smokers and non-smokers) infected with chronic pneumonia in AL-Najaf hospital, Iraq. The antimicrobial susceptibility test of 80 isolates proved that K. pneumoniae were 100% resistance to amoxicillin and nitrofurantoin. While K. pneumoniae was resistance to Amoxiclav with percentage 88.75% , Cefotaxime 86.25% , Ceftriaxone 92.5% and Ceftazidime 85%. On the other hand, K. pneumoniae was resistance to Gentamicin, Amikacin , Tobramycin and Tetracycline with percentage 72.5%, 61.25%, 51.25% and 73.75% respectively. All K. pneumoniae isolates from smokers of inpatients were highly resistance to most antimicrobials as compare with those isolates from non-smokers. Also, the results proved that there were 73.75% isolates were multi-drug resistance, 15% isolates were extensive-drug resistance and 11.25% isolates were pan-drug resistance. The results of genotypic detection proved that there were 45 isolates (56.25%) were harbored bla-TEM , 31 isolates (38.75%) were harbored bla-SHV gene and 18 isolates (22.5%) were harbored both two genes. Most K. pneumoniae isolates from smokers of inpatients were harbored antimicrobials associated genes more that those isolates from non-smokers. In conclusions: K. pneumoniae isolates from older smokers of inpatients infected with chronic pneumonia were more virulent than those isolates from non-smokers and we must be careful because these bacteria may be transferred to other healthy persons.

Beta lactamase enzymes produced by bacteria confer resistance to b-lactam drugs by damaging the ring of b-lactam drugs. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to survey the dissemination of Ambler class A and C b- lactamases enzymes among ceftriaxone-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. A total of 500 clinical samples were recovered from two main hospitals and clinical laboratories collected from Al-Najaf City. 69 K. pneumoniae isolates were identified by traditional biochemical tests, CHROMagarTM Orientation medium and Vitek-2 system. The disk diffusion and MIC-strip methods for ceftriaxone antibiotic demonstrated that only 50 K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone out of 69 K. pneumoniae isolates. Antibacterial susceptibility of 50 ceftriaxone-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates to different disk antibiotics recommended by CLSI, (2017) had been evaluated. The data revealed different rate of resistance started with high rate 50(100%) of isolates were resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin, then ended to lower resistance among these bacterial isolates were imipenem10(20%) and meropenem 14(28%). However,this study revealed that no antibiotic was fully active against all isolates. Of these, 24(48%) were confirmed as multidrug resistant (MDR), 16(32%) and 10(20%) isolates displayed extensive drug resistance (XDR) and pan drug resistant (PDR), respectively. The molecular PCR assay revealed that blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaCarb and blaAmpC were identified in 6(12%), 37(74%), 6(12%), 1(2%) and 12(24%) isolates, respectively. Regarding, blaCTX-m-15, blaSHV- 12, bla CepA, blaBEl bla Veb, bla IMI and bla KPC-2 were no detected in present study. Furthermore sequencing wasdone for the 6 isolates that exhibited positive result for blaTEM gene to reveal according DNA and amino acid analysis all isolates harbored TEM-1 type.