Mushtaq Talib Hammadi Al-Zurfi

Abstract. The experiment was conducted at the research station of the College of Agriculture, University of Kufa, during the 2024-2025 growing season, to determine the effect of fertilizing with date palm remains compost and Brassinolides on Tecoma growth and flowering. Tecoma seedlings were 6-month-old yellow Stans seedlings propagated by cuttings and planted in plastic bags. The treatments were: soil incorporations with date palm remain compost at 0, 100, 200 and 300 g. pot-1 and/or foliar treatment with Brassinolide at 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg L-1. Date palm compost was added once at transplanting in 26 cm dia. pots while brassinolide was sprayed three times during experiment period. The results showed that soil treated with 300 g. pot-1 of date palm waste compost or spraying the seedlings with Brassinolide at 15 mg.L-1 resulted in higher values of increase in plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, increase in main plant stem diameter, number of florets per inflorescence, flower diameter, age of inflorescence on the plant, and leaf content of auxin and Brassinolide. In general, it was found that the interaction treatment the increase in plant height (42.33 cm), increase in the number of branches (5.66 branch. plant-1), number of leaves (110.00 leaf. plant-1), increase in the diameter of the main plant stem (5.20 mm), number of florets in the inflorescence (7.33 floret. inflorescence-1), flower diameter (2.16 cm), age of the inflorescence (51.00 days) on the plant, and leaf content of auxin (3.06 μg. g-1) and Brassinolide (2.80 μg. g-1) with a significant difference from the control treatment, which recorded 24.30 cm, 44.00 leaf. plant-1, 3.66 branch. plant-1, 1.16 mm, 3.66 floret. inflorescence- 1, 1.13 cm, and 31.00 days. and 0.13 μg. g-1 and 0.44 μg. g-1, respectively.

Afforestation is one of the most important means of protecting cities from climatic conditions, and it is natural for the university city of the University of Kufa campus to face harsh weather fluctuations all the year especially in summer. This study was conducted with the aim of relying on afforestation to improve the environment with in the university campus. The study found a significant increase in solar radiation intensity in streets, parking lots, and unused spaces, Which reached (1788, 1791, and 1636) LUX in the morning, and (1782, 1749, and 1693) LUX in the afternoon, compared to gardens containing trees and green areas and under the shade of trees, where the solar radiation intensity decreased to (1044, 1062) LUX in the morning and (1068 and 1089) LUX in the afternoon., respectively. Similarly, the temperature in streets, parking lots, and unused spaces reached (37 and 44, 37 and 43, 37 and 43) C° in the morning and afternoon, compared to gardens containing trees and green areas and under the shade of trees, which recorded the lowest values, reaching (33 and 40, 33 and 40) C°. We also observe a decrease in source of the noise and distance of source from sensor in gardens containing trees and green areas and under the shade of trees, as it reached (49.3 and 41.7, 49.2 and 46.8) dBA, compared to main asphalt-paved streets and parking lots where the sound intensity reached (60.3 and 61.8, 61.2 and 62.3) dBA in the morning and afternoon due to the absence of afforestation, which plays a significant role in reducing sound intensity. The leaves, branches, and twigs of trees, green areas, and grasses work as a single interconnected unit that absorbs sound wave vibrations and disperses noise, in addition to their suitability for daily activities such as recreation, exercise, and relaxation, which contributes to reducing stress and improving mental health. Green spaces also serve as a hub for social interaction and community participation, enhancing the sense of belonging and promoting social cohesion. This study emphasizes the essential role of urban green spaces in promoting environmental health by improving air quality, regulating temperature, and enhancing overall well-being, and that recognizing the multifaceted benefits of these spaces is crucial for achieving sustainability on the University of Kufa campus.

Afforestation is one of the most important means of protecting cities from climatic conditions, and it is natural for the university city of the University of Kufa campus to face harsh weather fluctuations all the year especially in summer. This study was conducted with the aim of relying on afforestation to improve the environment with in the university campus. The study found a significant increase in solar radiation intensity in streets, parking lots, and unused spaces, Which reached (1788, 1791, and 1636) LUX in the morning, and (1782, 1749, and 1693) LUX in the afternoon, compared to gardens containing trees and green areas and under the shade of trees, where the solar radiation intensity decreased to (1044, 1062) LUX in the morning and (1068 and 1089) LUX in the afternoon., respectively. Similarly, the temperature in streets, parking lots, and unused spaces reached (37 and 44, 37 and 43, 37 and 43) C° in the morning and afternoon, compared to gardens containing trees and green areas and under the shade of trees, which recorded the lowest values, reaching (33 and 40, 33 and 40) C°. We also observe a decrease in source of the noise and distance of source from sensor in gardens containing trees and green areas and under the shade of trees, as it reached (49.3 and 41.7, 49.2 and 46.8) dBA, compared to main asphalt-paved streets and parking lots where the sound intensity reached (60.3 and 61.8, 61.2 and 62.3) dBA in the morning and afternoon due to the absence of afforestation, which plays a significant role in reducing sound intensity. The leaves, branches, and twigs of trees, green areas, and grasses work as a single interconnected unit that absorbs sound wave vibrations and disperses noise, in addition to their suitability for daily activities such as recreation, exercise, and relaxation, which contributes to reducing stress and improving mental health. Green spaces also serve as a hub for social interaction and community participation, enhancing the sense of belonging and promoting social cohesion. This study emphasizes the essential role of urban green spaces in promoting environmental health by improving air quality, regulating temperature, and enhancing overall well-being, and that recognizing the multifaceted benefits of these spaces is crucial for achieving sustainability on the University of Kufa campus.

Interest in the design of the university campus, its landscape, and its sustainability has emerged as a new trend that enriches the connection between the campus buildings and their natural landscapes on one hand, and between humans and their environment on the other. This provides an opportunity for contemplating nature, making the campus site less consumptive of available natural resources, and enhancing safety and security for site occupants while maintaining the same level of quality and efficiency in its function. It also aims to achieve environmentally compatible design to meet the requirements of the current generation and ensure the rights of future generations, and to achieve a state of balance within the university environment that more effectively serves environmental, social, and economic aspects, and considers the integration of the landscape with the buildings to achieve a sustainability system. This integration makes the university environment understandable and provides a sense of security, orientation, and beauty, which requires designing sustainable natural landscapes with a suitable function for university members' use and distinctive environmental characteristics that achieve human comfort and renew vitality. The study's problem was the lack of interest and knowledge in the sustainability of the natural landscape and its connection to global sustainability standards, which resulted in a failure to achieve thermal comfort and an increased depletion of energy sources and available resources. Additionally, many problems suffered by the university campus were observed, as well as problems affecting the achievement of sustainability from environmental, social, and economic aspects, with a clear deficiency in the natural landscapes achieving their environmental, economic, social, and aesthetic goals due to neglect, weak planning, disregard for their environmental needs, and the lack of complementary components in most natural landscapes. Therefore, a proposed design was suggested that addresses a number of mechanisms that can be implemented to overcome these problems and achieve the sustainability of the natural landscape for the University of Kufa campus.

The importance of campus green spaces lies in their planting with various plants (trees, shrubs, green spaces, etc.) which work to purify the air, reduce the intensity of solar radiation and temperatures, increase humidity in the atmosphere, and decrease wind speed, which results in achieving thermal comfort for campus occupants. This is what the results of the study proved, as the temperature, amount of solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed under the canopy of trees in the gardens planted with grass in the morning and afternoon were 36.7 and 37.1 C°, 1031 and 1551 candelas, 43.3%, 34.3%, 0.9, and 1.2 m s-1, respectively, compared to what was measured in the paved streets recorded41.6 and 45.3 °C, 5587 and 6933 candelas, 23%, 20.6%, 2.9, and 2.8 m s-1, respectively, At midday, the microclimatic contrast between tree-lined areas and paved streets manifested in mean differences of up to 8 C° in air temperature, 5382 candelas in solar radiation intensity, 13.7% in relative humidity, and 1.6 m s-¹ in wind velocity. The results also showed that plants had a significant impact on reducing sound intensity (noise) under the tree canopy in turf-planted gardens in the morning and afternoon, with levels of 52.7 and 51.8 dB, compared to levels of 66.7 and 65.6 dB, respectively. Plants were more effective at absorbing sounds at higher frequencies. The results thus demonstrate the significant impact of plants in improving the microclimate and reducing noise in outdoor environments

The importance of campus green spaces lies in their planting with various plants (trees, shrubs, green spaces, etc.) which work to purify the air, reduce the intensity of solar radiation and temperatures, increase humidity in the atmosphere, and decrease wind speed, which results in achieving thermal comfort for campus occupants. This is what the results of the study proved, as the temperature, amount of solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed under the canopy of trees in the gardens planted with grass in the morning and afternoon were 36.7 and 37.1 C°, 1031 and 1551 candelas, 43.3%, 34.3%, 0.9, and 1.2 m s-1, respectively, compared to what was measured in the paved streets recorded41.6 and 45.3 °C, 5587 and 6933 candelas, 23%, 20.6%, 2.9, and 2.8 m s-1, respectively, At midday, the microclimatic contrast between tree-lined areas and paved streets manifested in mean differences of up to 8 C° in air temperature, 5382 candelas in solar radiation intensity, 13.7% in relative humidity, and 1.6 m s-¹ in wind velocity. The results also showed that plants had a significant impact on reducing sound intensity (noise) under the tree canopy in turf-planted gardens in the morning and afternoon, with levels of 52.7 and 51.8 dB, compared to levels of 66.7 and 65.6 dB, respectively. Plants were more effective at absorbing sounds at higher frequencies. The results thus demonstrate the significant impact of plants in improving the microclimate and reducing noise in outdoor environments

The importance of campus green spaces lies in their planting with various plants (trees, shrubs, green spaces, etc.) which work to purify the air, reduce the intensity of solar radiation and temperatures, increase humidity in the atmosphere, and decrease wind speed, which results in achieving thermal comfort for campus occupants. This is what the results of the study proved, as the temperature, amount of solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed under the canopy of trees in the gardens planted with grass in the morning and afternoon were 36.7 and 37.1 C°, 1031 and 1551 candelas, 43.3%, 34.3%, 0.9, and 1.2 m s-1, respectively, compared to what was measured in the paved streets recorded41.6 and 45.3 °C, 5587 and 6933 candelas, 23%, 20.6%, 2.9, and 2.8 m s-1, respectively, At midday, the microclimatic contrast between tree-lined areas and paved streets manifested in mean differences of up to 8 C° in air temperature, 5382 candelas in solar radiation intensity, 13.7% in relative humidity, and 1.6 m s-¹ in wind velocity. The results also showed that plants had a significant impact on reducing sound intensity (noise) under the tree canopy in turf-planted gardens in the morning and afternoon, with levels of 52.7 and 51.8 dB, compared to levels of 66.7 and 65.6 dB, respectively. Plants were more effective at absorbing sounds at higher frequencies. The results thus demonstrate the significant impact of plants in improving the microclimate and reducing noise in outdoor environments

Abstract:An experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa during the 2019-2020 agricultural seasons in a greenhouse to study the effect of spraying organic fertilizer extract and vitamin E on growth and flowering characteristic of Freesia plants. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates with two factors. The first involved spraying three different concentrations of organic fertilizer extract (0, 2 and 4) mL-1 and the second involved spraying three different concentrations of vitamin E (0, 40 and 80) mg.L-1. The L.S.D test and a 0.05 probability level were used to compare averages. The results showed that spraying an organic fertilizer extract at a concentration of 4 ml.L-1 or vitamin E at a concentration of 40 mg.L-1 increased the number of leaves (7.25 leaves. plant-1), the dry weight of the vegetative group (2.44g) and the total chlorophyll content of the leaves (2.44g and 59.67 mg.100g-1), number of flowering inflorescences (4.59 flowers.plant-1), number of flowers (9.58 florets. inflorescence-1), the diameter of the flower (5.66cm) and the Vase life (9.66 days) in comparison with the control (4.00 leaves.plant-1, 1.13 gm and 55.46 mg.100 gm-1, 2.33 florets.plant-1, 5.33 58 florets.inflorescence -1, 3.90cm and 6.00 days), respectively

Abstract:An experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa during the 2019-2020 agricultural seasons in a greenhouse to study the effect of spraying organic fertilizer extract and vitamin E on growth and flowering characteristic of Freesia plants. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates with two factors. The first involved spraying three different concentrations of organic fertilizer extract (0, 2 and 4) mL-1 and the second involved spraying three different concentrations of vitamin E (0, 40 and 80) mg.L-1. The L.S.D test and a 0.05 probability level were used to compare averages. The results showed that spraying an organic fertilizer extract at a concentration of 4 ml.L-1 or vitamin E at a concentration of 40 mg.L-1 increased the number of leaves (7.25 leaves. plant-1), the dry weight of the vegetative group (2.44g) and the total chlorophyll content of the leaves (2.44g and 59.67 mg.100g-1), number of flowering inflorescences (4.59 flowers.plant-1), number of flowers (9.58 florets. inflorescence-1), the diameter of the flower (5.66cm) and the Vase life (9.66 days) in comparison with the control (4.00 leaves.plant-1, 1.13 gm and 55.46 mg.100 gm-1, 2.33 florets.plant-1, 5.33 58 florets.inflorescence -1, 3.90cm and 6.00 days), respectively.

Abstract:An experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa during the 2019-2020 agricultural seasons in a greenhouse to study the effect of spraying organic fertilizer extract and vitamin E on growth and flowering characteristic of Freesia plants. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates with two factors. The first involved spraying three different concentrations of organic fertilizer extract (0, 2 and 4) mL-1 and the second involved spraying three different concentrations of vitamin E (0, 40 and 80) mg.L-1. The L.S.D test and a 0.05 probability level were used to compare averages. The results showed that spraying an organic fertilizer extract at a concentration of 4 ml.L-1 or vitamin E at a concentration of 40 mg.L-1 increased the number of leaves (7.25 leaves. plant-1), the dry weight of the vegetative group (2.44g) and the total chlorophyll content of the leaves (2.44g and 59.67 mg.100g-1), number of flowering inflorescences (4.59 flowers.plant-1), number of flowers (9.58 florets. inflorescence-1), the diameter of the flower (5.66cm) and the Vase life (9.66 days) in comparison with the control (4.00 leaves.plant-1, 1.13 gm and 55.46 mg.100 gm-1, 2.33 florets.plant-1, 5.33 58 florets.inflorescence -1, 3.90cm and 6.00 days), respectively.

Abstract:An experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa during the 2019-2020 agricultural seasons in a greenhouse to study the effect of spraying organic fertilizer extract and vitamin E on growth and flowering characteristic of Freesia plants. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates with two factors. The first involved spraying three different concentrations of organic fertilizer extract (0, 2 and 4) mL-1 and the second involved spraying three different concentrations of vitamin E (0, 40 and 80) mg.L-1. The L.S.D test and a 0.05 probability level were used to compare averages. The results showed that spraying an organic fertilizer extract at a concentration of 4 ml.L-1 or vitamin E at a concentration of 40 mg.L-1 increased the number of leaves (7.25 leaves. plant-1), the dry weight of the vegetative group (2.44g) and the total chlorophyll content of the leaves (2.44g and 59.67 mg.100g-1), number of flowering inflorescences (4.59 flowers.plant-1), number of flowers (9.58 florets. inflorescence-1), the diameter of the flower (5.66cm) and the Vase life (9.66 days) in comparison with the control (4.00 leaves.plant-1, 1.13 gm and 55.46 mg.100 gm-1, 2.33 florets.plant-1, 5.33 58 florets.inflorescence -1, 3.90cm and 6.00 days), respectively.

Abstract:An experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa during the 2019-2020 agricultural seasons in a greenhouse to study the effect of spraying organic fertilizer extract and vitamin E on growth and flowering characteristic of Freesia plants. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates with two factors. The first involved spraying three different concentrations of organic fertilizer extract (0, 2 and 4) mL-1 and the second involved spraying three different concentrations of vitamin E (0, 40 and 80) mg.L-1. The L.S.D test and a 0.05 probability level were used to compare averages. The results showed that spraying an organic fertilizer extract at a concentration of 4 ml.L-1 or vitamin E at a concentration of 40 mg.L-1 increased the number of leaves (7.25 leaves. plant-1), the dry weight of the vegetative group (2.44g) and the total chlorophyll content of the leaves (2.44g and 59.67 mg.100g-1), number of flowering inflorescences (4.59 flowers.plant-1), number of flowers (9.58 florets. inflorescence-1), the diameter of the flower (5.66cm) and the Vase life (9.66 days) in comparison with the control (4.00 leaves.plant-1, 1.13 gm and 55.46 mg.100 gm-1, 2.33 florets.plant-1, 5.33 58 florets.inflorescence -1, 3.90cm and 6.00 days), respectively.

Abstract:An experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa during the 2019-2020 agricultural seasons in a greenhouse to study the effect of spraying organic fertilizer extract and vitamin E on growth and flowering characteristic of Freesia plants. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates with two factors. The first involved spraying three different concentrations of organic fertilizer extract (0, 2 and 4) mL-1 and the second involved spraying three different concentrations of vitamin E (0, 40 and 80) mg.L-1. The L.S.D test and a 0.05 probability level were used to compare averages. The results showed that spraying an organic fertilizer extract at a concentration of 4 ml.L-1 or vitamin E at a concentration of 40 mg.L-1 increased the number of leaves (7.25 leaves. plant-1), the dry weight of the vegetative group (2.44g) and the total chlorophyll content of the leaves (2.44g and 59.67 mg.100g-1), number of flowering inflorescences (4.59 flowers.plant-1), number of flowers (9.58 florets. inflorescence-1), the diameter of the flower (5.66cm) and the Vase life (9.66 days) in comparison with the control (4.00 leaves.plant-1, 1.13 gm and 55.46 mg.100 gm-1, 2.33 florets.plant-1, 5.33 58 florets.inflorescence -1, 3.90cm and 6.00 days), respectively.

The latest study focused on snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) plants during the fall season of 2021– 2022 in a greenhouse at the Agricultural Division, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq. The study aimed to determine the response of snapdragon plants to foliar application of arginine (0, 20, 40, and 60 mg L- 1 ) and nano-iron (0, 30, 60, and 90 mg L-1 ). The experiment comprised a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement and three replications. The arginine (60 mg L-1 ) foliar spray led to a significant enhancement in the flower and physiological traits, i.e., flower carrier length (19.62 cm), age of the flowering inflorescence (25.01 days), leaf content of carbohydrates (12.75 mg g.-1 ) and iron (48.93 mg kg-1 ), and flower content for anthocyanin dye (21.40 mg 100 g-1 ) compared with the lowest values of the control treatment viz., 13.88 cm, 16.70 days, 11.25 mg g-1 , 15.22 mg kg-1 , and 9.82 mg 100 g-1 , respectively. The nano-iron (90 mg L-1 ) also significantly improved the flower and physiological traits, i.e., the flower carrier length (18.06 cm), age of the flowering inflorescence (22.75 days), leaf content for carbohydrates (12.16 mg g-1 ); iron (38.08 mg kg-1 ), and flower content for anthocyanin dye (16.72 mg 100 g-1 ) compared with the control, i.e., 15.79 cm, 20.02 days, 11.71 mg g -1 , 29.61 mg kg-1 , and 13.05 mg 100 g-1 , respectively. The interaction of arginine (60 mg L-1 ) and nano-iron (90 mg L-1 ) provided a positive effect of their individual application for flower and physiological traits (22.55 cm, 27.93 days, 12.93 mg g-1 , 50.04 mg kg-1 , and 23.06 mg100 g-1 ) compared with the control (12.84 cm, 15.43 days, 10.84 mg g-1 , 13.0 mg kg-1 , and5.13 mg 100 g-1 ), respectively

Current study was conducted in greenhouse at University of Kufa during 2020-2021 season to determine the effect of spraying putrescine and boric acid on the growth and flowering indicators of plant. Plants were transferred in October 1, 2020 Pelargonium grandiflorum to 25cm diameter and 22cm height plastic pots filled with loamy soil and peat moss in 3:1 ratio. The experiment was included two main factors, the first factor was spraying four concentrations of putrescine (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg.L ) and the second factor was spraying four -1 concentrations of boric acid (0, 20, and 60 mg.L ). Two sprayings of putrescine and boric acid were applied and the time between each spray -1 was 21 days. Treatments were distributed in a factorial experiment and arranged in randomized complete blocks design was used. The spraying plants with 150mg.L of putrescine and 20, 40 mg.L of boric acid had significant effect on studied indicators as the increasing in plant -1 -1 height, number of leaves, number of branches, dry weight of total vegetative, number of days required to flowering, number of inflorescence, the length of peduncle, flower diameter, the number of flowers and flowering period was 37.77cm, 52.68 leave.plant , 8.77 branch.plant , -1 -1 46.94 g, 174.33 days, 10.66 inflorescence flowering.plant , 8.56 cm, 6.76 cm, 9.66 flower.plant and 17.38 day, respectively compare to 18.86 -1 -1 cm, 20.83leve.plant , 3.10 branch.plant , 23.37g, 175.33 days, 5.00 inflorescence flowering.plant , 6.30 cm, 4.60 cm, 5.33 flower.plant and -1 -1 -1 -1 13.88 day in control treatment.

Abstract: The experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Agricultural Division, University of Al-Kufa during the agricultural season 2020-2021 to demonstrate the effect of spraying Putrescine and Roselle extract on the growth and flowering of Chinese carnations. The experiment was conducted by a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates with two factors. The first is Putrescine in three concentrations (0,50,100) mg.L-1. The second factor was Roselle extract with three concentrations (0, 2.5, 5)ml.L-1. The averages were compared according to the least significant difference (LSD) test at the probability level of 5%. Results are shown spraying Putrescine at a concentration of 100 mg.L-1 with Roselle extract at a concentration of 2.5 g.L-1 which led to a significant increase in plant height, the number of leaves and the content of leaves from the total chlorophyll pigment, the number of flowering inflorescences, and the content of the leaves from nitrogen and phosphorous, where it reached 30.77 cm and 32.89 leaves.Plant-1 and 62.07 mg.100gm-1 and 12.66 inflorescence.plant- 1 and 3.01% and 3.12% compared to the control treatment that gave the lowest rate of 20.17 cm and 21.65 leaves.plant-1 and 54.85 mg.100gm-1 and 7.66 inflorescence.plant-1, 1.05% and 0.12%, respectively. Key words: Putrescine, Roselle, Growth, Chinese carnation, Dianthus chinensis

Abstract A pot trial was conducted to identify the effect of adding rice organic residues (ROR) to the potting soil and spraying chelated zinc (CZn) on the growth, flowering, and corm characteristics of the Freesia hybrida plant. An RCBD experiment was adopted with two factors and three replicates. ROR comprised three levels (0, 4, and 8%), and CZn included three concentrations (0, 20, and 40) mg.L-1. The findings revealed that applying ROR at 8% and spraying CZn at 20 mg.L-1 significantly increased leaf number, shoot dry weight, total chlorophyll content in fresh leaves, and total soluble carbohydrate content in dry leaves (6.66 leaves.plant-1, 8.76 g DW, 48.79 mg.100 g-1 FW, and 1.50 g DW) respectively. Also, the same treatment combination realized significant results for the number of florets per inflorescence, floret diameter, floret vase life, number of corms per plant, and corm diameter by (12.85 florets.inflorescence-1, 7.03 cm, 8 days, 3.66 corms.plant-1, and 2.33 cm) consecutively. Further, adding ROR at 8% and spraying CZn at 40 mg.L-1 significantly increased the number of inflorescences (5.33 inflorescences.plant-1) and inflorescence length (39.10 cm). Keywords: Freesia plant, Rice organic residues, Chelated Zinc.

Abstract: The effects of foliar application with organic fertilizer 'Hu Kufa' and thiamine were evaluated on growth, flowering and flower quality of Dutch bulbs grown in pots under greenhouse conditions. Iris plants were sprayed twice with commercial Kufa Iris tingitana organic fertilizer (0, 2.5, 5 or 7.5) ml L and/or with Thiamine (B1) (0, 20, 40 or 60 mg L ). The first spray was 40 and 47 days post planting for the organic fertilizer -1 -1 and thiamin, respectively, while the second spray application was 21 days post the first spray. The organic fertilizer, especially of thiamine, resulted in significant increase in all the studied parameters including vegetative growth, flowering and leaf and nutrients in flower. In general, interaction of Kufa Hu at highest concentration (7.5 ml L ) and thiamine at 20 and 40mg L resulted in a significant decrease in number of days -1 -1 required for flowering and a significant increase in the length of flower stalk, flower diameter and vase life compared to the lower concentrations of organic fertilize

Abstract: A pot trial was conducted to investigate the impact of adding organic residues (fermented powder of date palm leaves) and spraying boric acid on growth and flowering of Larkspur planting randomized complete block design with two factors, three applications of organic fertilizer were mixed with the growing media at different ratios (0:4, 1:4 and 2:4 organic fertilizer: soil) and spraying boric acid (17% B) at three concentrations (0, 10 and 20 mg l ) were used. There was a significant increase in plant height, number of leaves plant , stem diameter, leaf -1 -1 dry matter, total chlorophyll content, total soluble carbohydrates, protein content in leaves and C/N ratio as a result of adding organic residues or spraying boric acid, where the highest values observed when adding organic residues at ratio 2:4 and spraying boric acid at 20 mg L , also -1 flowering parameters were increased significantly by adding organic residues at 2:4 ratio + 20 mgL boric acid, recording 13.05 inflorescence -1 plant , 3.16 g for inflorescence dry weight and 4.60 days for vase life. Likewise early flowering (94.96 day) took part in plants of these -1 -1 treatments. The greatest value in inflorescences diameter (4.42 cm) was recorded in the F2 and B1 treatment.

Abstract: A lath experiment was carried out during season 2018-2019 to assess the influence of foliar spraying with nanoboron applied with three concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g.L-1) and nano-calcium, with three concentrations (1, 2 and 3 g.L-1) and pgAUX gene expression on pomegranate transplants. The experiment was layout as Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and then Duncan’s multiple range test was performed for mean comparison at 5% probability level by GenStat program. Results showed that the nano-calcium concentrations were superior compared with boron concentration sprayed and control especially length increment, stem diameter, leaf increment and leaf area. Moreover, the chemical mineral analyses of leaves were highly significant in transplant leaves when treated with nano-calcium. The relative gene expression measurements were not significant among control and each nano-boron concentration but the nano-calcium treatments caused a raise pgAUX gene expression.

An experiment was conducted at the lath house of the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture\ University of Kufa during the growing seasons of 2016-2017 to study effect of adding Wheat organic residues to the pots soil and spraying salicylic acid on growth parameters of freesia plants and production its corms. Experiment was adopted a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates in two factors. First three levels of Wheat organic residues i e.(0, 5 and 10%). Second three concentration of Salicylic acid i.e.(0, 50 and 150)mg.L-1. Means were compared by using the Least Significant Difference (L.S.D.) test at probability of 0.05. Results showed that adding 10% of Wheat organic residues significantly increased the number of total leaves to 7.33 leaf.plant-1, shoot dry weight to 3.31g, total chlorophyll content in leaf to 68.85mg.100g-1fresh weight, total soluble carbohydrate in leaf to 9.20 85mg.g-1dry weight, number of inflorescence to 7.22 inflorescence. plant-1, length of inflorescence stem to 33.15, number of florets per inflorescence to 11.66 and number of corms to 3.88corm.plant-1, compared to the control treatment which gave the lowest vales (4.77 leaves.plant-1, 1.76g, 64.23mg.100g-1 fresh weight, 6.61mg.100g-1 dry weight, 4.22inflorescence.plant-1, 25.32cm, 6.33floret. inflorescence-1 and 2.11corms.plant-1) respectively. Spraying salicylic acid at a concentration of 150mg.L-1 significantly increased the number of total leaves to 6.55 leaf.plant-1, shoot dry weight to 2.76g, total chlorophyll content in leaf to 67.21mg.100g-1fresh weight, total soluble carbohydrate in leaf to 8.37mg.g-1dry weight, number of inflorescence to 6.11 inflorescence. plant-1, length of inflorescence stem to 30.25, number of florets per inflorescence to 9.66 and number of corms to 3.33corm.plant-1, compared to the control treatment which gave the lowest vales (5.44 leaves.plant-1, 2.27g, 65.49mg.100g-1 fresh weight, 7.38mg.100g-1 dry weight, 5.11 inflorescence.plant-1, 27.58cm, 7.55floret. inflorescence-1 and 2.66corms.plant-1) respectively. Also the results of the interaction between two factors showed that adding Wheat organic residues ata level 10% and spraying salicylic acid at a concentration of 150mg.L-1 significantly increased all the growth parameters of fressia plants.

المستخلص: أجريت تجربة في مشتل كلية الزراعة /جامعة الكوفة خلال الموسم الزراعي 2017- 2018 في بيت مغطى بالساران الأخضر لدراسة تأثير رش المحلول المغذي Tecnokel Amino Mix وحامض الأسكوربيك في مؤشرات النمو والأزهار لنبات الفريزيا. نفذت التجربة بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة (R.C.B.D) بثلاث مكررات بعاملين, الأول رش ثلاثة تراكيز من المحلول المغذي تكنوكال امينوميكس وهي (3, 0 و 6) مل.لتر-1, والثاني رش ثلاثة تراكيز من حامض الأسكوربيك هي (50, 0 و 100) ملغم.لتر-1 . قورنت المتوسطات حسب اختبار أقل فرق معنوي (L.S.D) وعلى مستوى احتمال 0.05. أظهرت النتائج ان رش المحلول المغذي بتركيز 6 مل.لترـ1 او حامض الأسكوربيك بتركيز 100 ملغم.لتر-1 زاد معنويا من مؤشرات النمو والأزهار اذ ازداد ( عدد الأوراق, الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري, محتوى الأوراق من الكلوروفيل الكلي والكاربوهيدرات الكلية الذائبة, عدد الشماريخ الزهرية لكل نبات, عدد الزهيرات لكل شمراخ, قطر الزهيرة, طول وقطر الحامل الزهري والعمر المزهري للزهيرات) وقلل من عدد الأيام اللازمة لتفتح اول زهيرة, مقارنة مع النباتات غير المرشوشة والتي اعطت اقل القيم واعلى عدد من الأيام اللازمة لتفتح اول زهيرة. أظهرت النتائج كذلك أن رش المحلول المغذي بتركيز 6 مل.لترـ1 مع حامض الأسكوربيك بتركيز100 ملغم.لتر-1 زاد معنويا من عدد الاوراق الكلية, محتوى الاوراق من الكلوروفيل الكلي, عدد الشماريخ, عدد الزهيرات لكل شمراخ, أذ بلغت 7.33ورقة.نبات-1, 99.04ملغم.100غم-1 وزن طري و6.00شمراخ.نبات-1, 12.00زهيرة. شمراخ-1, مقارنة بمعاملة المقارنة والتي أعطت أقل القيم( 4.00 ورقة.نبات-1 و 93.63ملغم.100غم-1 وزن طري و2.00 شمراخ.نبات-1 و 5.00 زهيرة. شمراخ-1) وعلى التوالي. في حين ان رش المحلول المغذي بتركيز 6 مل.لترـ1 مع حامض الأسكوربيك بتركيز 50ملغم.لتر-1 زاد معنويا من الوزن الجاف للنمو الخضري, محتوى الاوراق من الكربوهيدرات الكلية الذائبة, قطر الزهيرة, طول الحامل الزهري والعمر المزهري وقلل من عدد الأيام ألازمه لتفتح اول زهيرة إذ بلغت 1.29غم و6.79 ملغم.غم-1 وزن جاف و4.63 سم, 32.17سم, 7.53 يوم 153.67يوم وعلى التوالي مقارنة مع النباتات المقارنة والتي أعطت اقل القيم بلغت (0.92غم , 5.19 ملغم.غم-1 وزن جاف, 3.13سم و21.17سم و4.00 يوم وأعلى معدل في عدد الأيام اللازمة لتفتح اول زهيرة بلغ 170.00 يوم) وعلى التوالي.

Abstract: An experiment was carried out to test the effect of foliar application of humic acid at three concentration levels 0, 2 and 4 ml.l -1 and three levels of ascorbic acid 0, 40 and 80 mg.l -1 on growth and flowers production of freesia plant. Foliar spray was done at three stages i.e. three leaves stage, after 21 days from the first spray and third spray was applied after 21 days from the second spray. The results showed that foliar application of humic acid at 4 ml.l -1 with ascorbic acid at 40 ml.l-1 resulted in an increase in the shoot dry weight, leaf total chlorophyll, leaf carbohydrates content, number of florescent, length of florescent, stalk of florescent diameter, number of florescent, florescent diameter and vase life.

Abstract An experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa during agricultural seasons 2018-2019 to study the effect of spraying amino acid and chelated magnesium of growth, flowering and production of corms of Fressia. Experiment was adopted in Randomized Completed Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates in two factors. First spraying nutrition solution (Taravert Amifol) at a three concentration (0, 2 and 4 ml. L-1). Second spraying three concentration of chelated magnesium (EDTA) (0, 100 and 200 mg. L-1). The results show that spraying amino acid at a concentration of 4ml. L-1 and chelated magnesium at a concentration 100 mg.L-1 increased significantly: number of leaves, shoot dry weight, leaves content of total chlorophyll and total soluble carbohydrates, number of inflorescence, number of floret, floret diameter, inflorescence stalk length and vase life (6.67 leave.plant-1, 2.74 g, 39.40 mg.100 g fresh weight, 9.10 mg. g-1dry weight, 8.00 inflorescence. plant-1, 12.95 floret. inflorescence, 8.16 cm, 39.63 cm and 9.33 days) compared to control treatment which gave the lowest values (3.66 leave.plant-1, 1.49 g, 33.39 mg.100 g fresh weight, 6.12 mg. g-1 dry weight, 3.33 inflorescence. plant-1, 5.00 floret. inflorescence, 3.63 cm, 29.77 cm and 4.66 days), respectively.

An experiment was conducted in the nursery of the college of Agriculture, University of Kufa during the agricultural season (2017-2018) in a house covered with green saran to study the effect of spraying organic acid (Lag-Humus) and chelated iron (Fe 6%, EDTA) on the growth and flowering indicators for freesia. The experiment was conducted according to The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replicates and two factors. The first factor is spraying three concentrations of organic acid, which are (3, 0 and 6 ml.L-1) and the second factor is spraying three concentrations of chelated iron are (0, 20 and 40 ml.L-1). The averages were compared according to the Least Significant Difference Test (L.S.D) and at a probability level of 0.05. The results also showed that spraying organic acid at a concentration of (6 ml.L-1) with chelated iron at a concentration of (40 mg.L-1) significantly increased the dry weight of the total vegetative, the leaves content of total chlorophyll, floret diameter, the length of the flower inflorescence, vase life and the leaves content of iron which amounted to (1.75 g, 49.78 mg.100 g-1, 6.13 cm, 9.00 days and 47.50 mg.kg-1), respectively compared to the plants of control treatment, which gave the lowest values amounted to (1.01 g, 44.46 mg. 100 g-1, 3.23 cm, 6.33 days and 36.82 mg.kg-1). while spraying the organic acid at a concentration of (6 ml.L-1) with chelated iron at a concentration of (20 mg.L-1) significantly increased the number of leaves per plant, the leaves content of the total soluble Carbohydrate, the number of flower inflorescences per plant, the number of florets per flower, and the percentage of nitrogen and reduced the number days required to open the first floret which amounted to (8.33 leaves and 6.34 mg.kg-1 dry weight, 5.66 inflorescences, 12.33 florets, 2.03% 128.33 days), respectively compared to the control treatment, which gave the lowest values amounted to (3.00 leaves, 4.20 mg.kg-1 dry weight, 2.33 inflorescences, 6.00 florets, 0.62%), respectively and the highest average in the number of days required to open the first floret amounted to (138.00 days).

An experiment was conducted at the house covered with saran in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture\ University of Kufa during the growing seasons of 2016-2017 to study effect of spraying extract of organic fertilizer and ascorbic acid on growth and flowering parameters of freesia plants and its flower content of carotene pigment. Experiment was adopted a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates in two factors. First three concentration of extract organic fertilizer i e.(0, 5 and 10ml.L-1). Second three concentration of ascorbic acid i.e.(0, 40 and 80)mg.L-1. Means were compared by using the Least Significant Difference(L.S.D.)testat probability of 0.5 Results showed that spraying extract of organic fertilizer at a concentration 10m.L-1 and ascorbic acid at a concentration 40mg.L-1significantly increased the number of leaves to 7.67leaf.plant-1, shoot dry weight to 96.2g, total chlorophyll content in leaf to 62.13mg.100g-1fresh weight, total soluble carbohydrate in leaf to 8.00mg.g-1dry weight, decrease the day for flowering to 144days, number of inflorescence to 6.33 inflorescence.plant-1, number of florets per inflorescence to 11.67, floret diameter to 7.73cm and flower content of total, Beta and Alpha carotene to 11.91, 7.85 and 9.63mg.g-1dry weight, compared to the control treatment which gave the lowest vales (4.00 leaves.plant-1, 1.30 g, 54.96 mg.100g-1 fresh weight, 5.06mg.g-1 dry weight, 3.67 inflorescence. plant-1, 5.67 floret. inflorescence-1, 9.30cm and 9.20, 4.94 and 6.99mg.g-1dry weight) respectively and increased the days to flowering to 162.67days.

تم اجراء التجربة في الظلة الخشبية التابعة لقسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق كلية الزراعة جامعة الكوفة خلال الموسم الزراعي الشتوي 2016 لبيان تأثير وسط النمو والرش بمستخلص السماد العضوي المتحلل ((compost في نمو وازهار البيتونيا نفذت التجربة بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة (R.C.B.D)Randomized Complete Block Design بعاملين الاول ثلاث مستويات من اوساط النمو هي (0،10و20) % من حجم التربة اما العامل الثاني هو رش مستخلص السماد العضوي بأربعة تراكيز هي(0،2 ،4و 6) مل.لتر-1 وكان عدد الاصص لكل معاملة في كل مكرر هو ثلاث اصص بقطر 20 سم وارتفاع 16 سم اظهرت النتائج ان أضافة وسط النمو بمستوى 20% سبب زيادة معنوية في صفات النمو الخضري والزهري ومحتوى الاوراق من الكلوروفيل أذ ازداد (عدد الاوراق ومساحة الورقية وعدد الافرع وطول الفرع والوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري وعدد الازهار وقطرها) كما أظهرت النتائج ان الرش بمستخلص السماد العضوي بتركيز4)) مل.لتر-1 أحدث فرق معنوي في صفات النمو الخضري والزهري والجذري (عدد الاوراق وطول الفرع والوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري وعدد الازهار وطول المجموع الجذري) . كما اظهرت النتائج أن التداخل بين اضافة وسط النمو بمستوى20% مع الرش بمستخلص السماد العضوي بتركيز 4مل.لتر-1 أحدثت زيادة معنوية في صفات النمو الخضري (عدد الاوراق والمساحة الورقية بلغت 119.7 ورقة نبات-1،1220.3سم2 مقارنة بمعاملة المقارنة والتي أعطت اقل القيم اذ بلغت 37.8ورقة نبات- 1 و527.2سم2) وأعطى التداخل بين اضافة وسط النمو بمستوى20% مع الرش بمستخلص السماد العضوي بتركيز 2مل.لتر-1 وجود زيادة معنوية في صفات النمو الزهري (عدد الازهار وقطر الزهرة اذ بلغ212.7زهرة نبات- 1 و8.12سم مقارنة بمعاملة بتموس والرش بالماء المقطر فقط التي أعطت اقل القيم اذ بلغت (68.4 زهرة نبات- 1 و 4.74 سم)على التوالي.

during the growing seasons of 2015-2016 to study the response of freesia plant to spraying liquid universal fertilizer and salicylic acid on growth parameters. Experiment was adopted a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates in two factors. First three concentration of spraying liquid universal fertilizer i e.(0, 3 and 6)ml.L-1. Second three concentration of Salicylic acid i.e.(0, 40and 80)mg.L-1. Means were compared by using the Least Significant Difference (L.S.D.) test at probability 0.05 Results showed that spraying liquid universal fertilizer at a concentration 6ml.L-1 and Salicylic acid at a concentration of 40mg.L-1 significantly increased the number of leaves per plant, shoot dry weight, number of inflorescence per plant, inflorescence stalk length, diameter of inflorescence stem, number of florets per inflorescence, diameter of florets, floret dry weight to 7.33 leaf.plant-1, 5.15g, 7.33 inflorescence. plant-1, 42.03cm, 5.43mm, 13.33mm,7.93cm and 3.10g respectively, and decrease the number of the days until opening the first flower bud to 140.60days. Spraying liquid universal fertilizer at a concentration of 6ml.L-1 and Salicylic acid at a concentration of 80mg.L-1 significantly increased the content of total chlorophyll and carbohydrates to 41.77mg.100g-1fresh weight and 13.43mg.100g-1 dry weight, , compared to the control treatment which gave the lowest vales (3.66 leaves.plant-1, 2.37g, 3.33inflorescence. plant-1, 30.13cm, 1.60mm, 6.33floret. inflorescence-1 ,3.36cm and 1.08g, 35.11mg.100g-1 fresh weight, 7.50mg.100g-1 dry weight respectively), and increased the days until opening the first flower bud to 169days.

An experiment was carried out at the Lath-house, Horticulture and Landscape Gardening Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kufa University, in Najaf province during the growing season of 2014 to 2015. The aim of the experiment was to test the effect of Trichoderma harzianum application and humic acid spray on growth and flowering of snapdragon plants. A factorial 3*3 experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was adopted in three replicates and two pots for each treatment. Three levels of millet inoculated with Trichoderma (0 control, 1.25 and 2.5 g.pot-1) and three concentrations of humic acid (0 control, 3, 6 ml/L) were used. Means were separated according to LSD at 0.05 probability. Seeds were sown on 1st, November, 2014 and seedlings at 4 true leaves were pricked out. Application of Trichoderma at level of 2.5 g.pot-1 significantly increased plant height, number of leaves per plant and vegetative part dry weight (44.33 cm, 90.44 leaf.plant-1,and 2.16 g respectively). Untreated plants had the lowest means of the aforementioned traits. Root characteristics including root system length and root dry weight increased while shoot: root ratio decreased when 2.5 g.plant-1 of Trichoderma was used (10.84, 1.28 and 2.22 g, respectively). Flowering traits (length of flowering truss, number of flowering truss per plant and number of flowers per truss) were the highest in the aforementioned treatment (19.53 cm, 3.67 truss.plant-1 and 8.33 flower.truss-1 respectively). Chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and total soluble carbohydrates increased as the level of applied Trichoderma increased where the highest at 2.5 g.plant-1 (18.98, 38.32 mg.100 g-1 fresh weight, and 25.23 mg.g-1 respectively). Humic acid spray at a concentration of 6 ml/L significantly increased plant height, number of leaves per plant, vegetative part dry weight and root dry weight, while shoo: root ratio decreased (41.83 cm, 77.56 leaf.plant-1, 2.05, 1.03 and 2.48 g, respectively).

An experiment was conducted at the nursery of Agriculture Faculty/ Kufa university during growing season 2013 to 2014 to study the effect of spraying of activated dry yeast extract and vitamin B3 on growth and flowering characteristics of Stock plant. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in two factors, first three concentrations of spraying activated dry yeast extract, that is, (0, 2 and 4) g/L; second three concentrations of vitamin B3 that is, (0, 40 and 80) mg/L and their interactions. The means were compared using Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at probability level of 0.05. Results showed that spraying activated dry yeast extract at a concentration of 4 g/L and vitamin B3 at concentration of 80 mg/L increased significantly vegetative and rooting characteristics (Plant height, number of leaves and shoot dry weight, longest root length, number of main roots and root dry weight) and chemical characteristics (total content of chlorophyll and total soluble carbohydrates in leaves) flowering characteristics (number of inflorescence to 8.72 inflorescence plant-1, number of floret to 52.66 floret. inflorescence-1, floret diameter to 2.83 cm, inflorescence diameter stem to 0.62 mm) and decreased the number of day of flowering time to 153.00 days as compared with control which gave the lowest values (3.00 inflorescence plant-1, 26.49 floret inflorescence-1, 1.03 cm and 0.22 mm) while increasing the number of days of flowering time to 174.66 days.

Abstract An experiment was conducted at the nursery of Agriculture Faculty during growing season 2014 – 2015 to study the effect of spraying Roselle extract and vitamin B1 on growth and flowering characteristics of freesia plant. Experiment was adopted a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates in two factors, First three concentration of spraying Roselle calyx extract i.e. (0, 5 and 10) g.L-1. Second three concentration of vitamin B1 i.e. (0, 20 and 40) mg. L-1. Means were compared by using Least Significant Difference (L.S.D) test at a probability of 0.05. Results showed that spraying Roselle calyx extract at a concentration 10g.L-1 and vitamin B1 at concentration 20mg. L-1 increased the number of leaves per plant significantly to 8.67, shoot dry weight to 4.66g, content of chlorophyll A,B and Total in leaves to 56.01,25.00 and 68.09mg. 100g-1 fresh weight, inflorescence stalk length to 26.67cm, diameter of floret to 4.67cm, number of floret to 11.67floret, inflorescence -1, and number of corm to 3.67corm. plant-1, diameters of corm to1.63cm and decreased number of day to flowering time to 125.00 day, compared to the control which gave the lowest values( 3.87life. plant-1, 1.26g, 42,44, 12.51 and 53.0409mg. 100g-1 fresh weight, 14.40cm, 2.67mm,4.67 floret. inflorescence -1, 2.00corm. plant-1 and 1.03cm) and increased number of days to flowering time to 140 days.

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted at the nursery of Agriculture Faculty/ Kufa university during growing season 2013 to 2014 to study the effect of spraying of activated dry yeast extract and vitamin B3 on growth and flowering characteristics of Stock plant. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in two factors, first three concentrations of spraying activated dry yeast extract, that is, (0, 2 and 4) g/L; second three concentrations of vitamin B3 that is, (0, 40 and 80) mg/L and their interactions. The means were compared using Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at probability level of 0.05. Results showed that spraying activated dry yeast extract at a concentration of 4 g/L and vitamin B3 at concentration of 80 mg/L increased significantly vegetative and rooting characteristics (Plant height, number of leaves and shoot dry weight, longest root length, number of main roots and root dry weight) and chemical characteristics (total content of chlorophyll and total soluble carbohydrates in leaves) flowering characteristics (number of inflorescence to 8.72 inflorescence plant-1, number of floret to 52.66 floret. inflorescence-1, floret diameter to 2.83 cm, inflorescence diameter stem to 0.62 mm) and decreased the number of day of flowering time to 153.00 days as compared with control which gave the lowest values (3.00 inflorescence plant-1, 26.49 floret inflorescence-1, 1.03 cm and 0.22 mm) while increasing the number of days of flowering time to 174.66 days.

أجريت التجربة في الظلة الخشبية التابعة لقسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق كلية الزراعة / جامعة الكوفة خلال الموسم الزراعي 2014 -2015 لبيان تأثير رش مستخلص الخميرة الجافة الجافة وحامض السالسليك في نمو وأزهار نبات الشبوي نفذت تجربة عامليه بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة ( R.C.B.D ) بثلاثة مكررات بعاملين الأول ثلاثة تراكيز من مستخلص الخميرة الجافة الجافة هي ( 0 ، 3 و 6 ) غم.لترـ1 والثاني ثلاثة تراكيز من حامض السالسليك هي ( 0 ، 30 و 60 ) ملغم .لترـ1 والتداخل فيما بينهما . وقورنت المتوسطات حسب أختبار أقل فرق معنوي (L.S.D ) وعلى مستوى احتمال 0.05)) . أظهرت النتائج تفوق معاملة الرش بمستخلص الخميرة الجافة بتركيز 6 غم.لتر-1 معنويا في صفات النمو الخضري والصفات الكيميائية صفات النمو الجذري والزهري أذ ازداد ارتفاع النبات وعدد الأوراق والوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري , محتوى الأوراق من الكلوروفيل a و b و الكلي و محتوى الأوراق من الكاربوهيدرات الكلية الذائبة وطول الجذر والوزن الجاف للمجموع الجذري و عدد النورات الزهرية وطول النورات الزهرية وعدد الزهيرات في النورة الزهرية وقطر الزهيرة وقطر حامل النورة الزهرية. كما أظهرت النتائج وجود زيادة معنوية في صفتي عدد الأوراق والوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري و محتوى الأوراق من الكلوروفيل a و b و الكلي و محتوى الأوراق من الكاربوهيدرات الكلية الذائبة و طول الجذر وطول النورات الزهرية وعدد الزهيرات في النورة الزهرية وقطر الزهيرةعند الرش بحامض السالسليك بتركيز 60 مغم.لتر-1 كما تبين وجود زيادة معنوية في أرتفاع النبات عند الرش بحامض السالسليك وبتركيز 30 مغم.لتر-1. وظهر التأثير الأيجابي للرش بمستخلص الخميرة الجافة بتركيز 6 غم.لتر-1 وحامض السالسيك بتركيز 60 ملغم.لتر-1 أذ ازداد عدد الأوراق والوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري ومحتوى الأوراق من الكاربوهيدرات الكلية الذائبة و طول الجذر والوزن الجاف للمجموع الجذريو عدد النورات الزهرية وطول النورات الزهرية وعدد الزهيرات في النورة الزهرية وقطر الزهيرة . بينما اعطى الرش بمستخلص الخميرة الجافة بتركيز 0 غم.لتر-1 وحامض السالسيك بتركيز 60 ملغم.لتر-1 اعلى معدل لنسبة الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري الى الوزن الجاف للمجموع الجذري حيث بلغ 5.64 مقارنة بالرش بالماء المقطر التي بلغت 2.17 .

أجريت هذه التجربة في مشتل كلية الزراعة\جامعة الكوفة خلال الموسم الزراعي 2017-2016 لبيان تأثير رش المحلول المغذي Tecaminوفيتامين B3 في مؤشرات النمو والأزهار لنبات الكلاديوليس, نفذت التجربة بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة(R.C.B.D)Randomized Complete Block Design بعاملين الأول ثلاث تراكيز من المحلول المغذي Tecamin وهي (0،2 و4)مل.لتر-1 الثاني هو رش فيتامين B3 بثلاث تراكيز هي(0،50 و100)ملغم.لتر-1, قورنت المتوسطات حسب اختبار أقل فرق معنوي (L.S.D) وعلى مستوى احتمال 5%. أظهرت النتائج أن رش المحلول المغذي Tecamin بتركيز 4 مل.لتر-1 مع فيتامين B3 بتركيز 50 ملغم.لتر-1 أدى إلى زيادة عدد الأوراق الكلي والوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري ومحتوى الأوراق من والكاربوهيدرات الكلية الذائبة وطول الشمراخ الزهري وعدد الزهيرات ومحتوى الأزهار من صبغة البيتاكاروتين والالفاكاروتين أذ بلغت (7.67ورقة. نبات-1 و50. 5غم و8,51ملغم. 100غم وزن جاف و63.93 سم و9.00 زهيرة.شمراخ-1 و11.05 ملغم.100غم-1 و15.47 ملغم.100غم-1 مقارنة بمعاملة المقارنة والتي أعطت اقل القيم اذ بلغت ( 3.66 ورقة.نبات-1 و2.24غم و50.70سم و5.33 زهيرة.شمراخ-1 و4.93 ملغم.100غم-1 و10.28 ملغم.100غم-1) وعلى الترتيب.

An experiment was conducted at the nursery of faculty of agriculture , University of Kufa, during the growing season 2012 – 2013 to study the effect of spraying Fenugreek seed extract (Trigonellafoenum- graecum L.) and Boric acid on growth and flowering parameters of Mathiola . Experiment was adopted a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates: First three concentrations of Fenugreek seed extract i. e. ( 0 , 2 and 4) ml.L-1. Second three concentrations of Boric acid H3PO4 i.e. (0 , 15 and 30) mg.L-1. Means were compared by using Least Significant Differences (L.S.D) test at a probability of 0.05. Results showed that spraying Fenugreek seed extract at a concentration 4 ml.L-1 or Boric at a concentration 30mg.L-1 increased significantly the growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, shoots dry weight, content of total chlorophyll and total soluble carbohydrates in leaves, number of main roots, roots dry weight). Flowering parameters( number of inflorescence and floret per inflorescence, diameter of floret, inflorescence stalk length and floret dry weight compared to control treatment which gave the least values. Results also showed that: spraying with liquorice roots extract at 4 ml.l-1 and vitamin C at 50 mg.l-1 increased significantly vegetative and roots growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, shoots dry weight, total content of chlorophyll, soluble carbohydrates, number of main roots and roots dry weight) and flowering parameters: number of inflorescence per plant to 8.33 and floret per inflorescence to 43.67 and floret diameters to 2.73 and inflorescence stalk diameter to 31.17cm and florets dry weight to 2.74, compared to the control which gave the lowest vales (3.00 inflorescence. plant-1, 23.33 floret. inflorescence-1, 1.13cm and 1.22gm).

نفذت التجربة في الظلة الخشبية – التابعة لقسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق كلية الزراعة –جامعة الكوفة خلال الموسمين الزراعين 2013-2014 و2014-2015 لبيان تاثير السماد العضوي المتخمر في نمو وازهار صنفين من القرنفل تم زراعة البذور بتاريخ 15/9/2013 و 2014 للموسم الأول والثاني على الترتيب في دايات لصنفين (الاحمرGIGANTE ROJO والاصفر (GIGANTE AMARILLIOالمنتجه من قبل شركة Fito-Semillas الأسبانية وتم تفريد النباتات بعد ظهور زوجين من الأوراق الحقيقة وتضمنت التجربة ثلاثة عوامل هي صنفين من القرنفل الأحمر والأصفر ونوعين من السماد العضوي المتخمر هي سماد مخلفات الرز وسماد مخلفات الحنطة والعامل الثالث هو مستويات السماد العضوي (0 و5% و10% و15%) لكلا النوعين من السماد العضوي نفذت التجربة كتجربة عاملية 4×2×2 بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة (R.C.B.D)Randomized Complete Block Design وبثلاثة مكررات وكل مكرر يحتوي على 16 وحدة تجريبية و بخمسة أصص لكل منها وقورنت المتوسطات حسب أقل فرق معنوي L.S.D عند مستوى أحتمال 5%. تفوق الصنف الأحمرعلى الصنف الأصفر في المساحة الورقية وقطر الزهرة والعمر المزهري للأزهار ومحتوى الأزهار من صبغة الأنثوسيانين وعدد صفوف وقطر أوعية الخشب.أما الصنف الأصفر فقد تفوق على الصنف الأحمر في عدد الأوراق ومحتوى الأزهار من صبغة الكاروتين وتقليل عدد الأيام اللازمة للأزهار. وبينت النتائج أن أضافة سماد مخلفات الحنطة وبمستوى 5% او10% أعلى معدل في الصفات قيد الدراسة مقارنة بسماد مخلفات الرز وللموسمين وأظهرت النتائج أن أضافة سماد مخلفات الحنطة وبمستوى 5% للصنف الأصفر أدت الى زيادة عدد الأوراق ( 143.33 و115.67 ورقة.نبات-1) وقللت من عدد الأيام اللازمة للأزهار ( 206.7 و205.0 يوم) للموسمين على التتابع وأدت أضافة مخلفات الحنطة وبمستوى 10% للصنف الأحمر زيادة في المساحة الورقية (669.4 و508.4 سم2) وقطر الزهرة ( 5.26 و6.06 سم) والعمر المزهري للأزهار ( 5.67 و7.33 يوم ) ومحتوى الأزهار من صبغة الأنثوسيانين ( 6.96 و11.88 ملغم.100غم-1) وقطرأوعية الخشب (61.7 و 63.7mµ ) وللموسمين على التتابع كذلك أدت أضافة سماد مخلفات الرز وبمستوى 15% للصنف الأصفر زيادة محتوى الأزهارمن صبغة الكاروتين ( 7.47 و11.39ملغم.100غم-1) وللموسمين على التتابع ، وأن أضافة سماد أدت مخلفات الحنطة وبمستوى 5% للصنف الأحمر الى زيادة عدد صفوف الخشب ( 6.00 و7.66صف) وللموسمين على التتابع.

نفذت التجربة في مشتل كلية الزراعة /جامعة الكوفة للموسم الزراعي 2014 – 2015 لدراسة تأثير رش السماد العضوي Optimus Plus و أضافة بكتريا الازوتوبكتر في نمو وأزهار نبات الشبوي ضمن تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة ( R.C.B.D) بثلاث مكررات بعاملين الأول ثلاثة تراكيز من السماد العضوي السائلOptimus Plus هي (0،1.5،3) مل.لتر-1 والثاني ثلاثة تراكيز من البكتريا Azotobacter chroococcum هي (0، 25، 50) مل.لتر-1 والتداخل بينهما في المؤشرات المدروسة وقورنت المتوسطات حسب اختبار اقل فرق معنوي L.S.D وعلى مستوى احتمال 0.05 . أظهرت النتائج إن رش السماد العضوي وبتركيز 3مل.لتر-1 مع بكتريا الازوتوبكتر بتركيز 50 مل.لتر-1 بعدد مستعمرات 6 × 10-7 وحدة تكوين مستعمرة/مل زاد معنويا من مؤشرات النمو الخضري والزهري والجذري اذ ازداد ارتفاع النبات وعدد الأوراق والوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري ومحتوى الأوراق من الكلوروفيل الكلي والكاربوهيدرات الذائبة الكلية وكذلك موعد التزهير ، عدد النورات ، عدد الزهيرات ، و قطر حامل النورة وقطر الزهيرة اذ بلغت مؤشرات النمو الزهري 139.00 يوم ، 10.67 نورة.نبات-1 ،12.67 زهرة.نبات-1 ،2.87 ملم و8.03 سم قياساً بمعاملة المقارنة والتي بلغت 154.00 يوم ، 5.67 نورة.نبات-1 5.33 زهرة.نبات-1، 1.80 ملم و 4.63 ملم على التوالي وطول أطول جذر والوزن الجاف للجذور

اجريت التجربة في مشتل كلية الزراعة- جامعة الكوفة خلال الموسم الزراعي 2013/2014 لدراسة تأثير رش تراكيز مختلفة من منظم النمو اندول حامض الخليك IAA) ) والمحلول المغذي كومبي في مؤشرات النمو لنبات حلق السبع. نفذت تجربة عاملية بعاملين (3˟3) بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة ( R. C. B. D) بثلاث مكررات العامل الاول ثلاثة تراكيز من اندول حامض الخليك هي (100,0 و 200) ملغم.لتر-1 والعامل الثاني ثلاثة تراكيز من المحلول المغذي كومبي هي(2,0 و 4) غم.لتر-1 , قورنت المتوسطات حسب اختبار اقل فرق معنوي وعلى مستوى احتمال 0.05. اظهرت النتائج ان رش اندول حامض الخليك والمحلول المغذي زاد معنويا من مؤشرات النمو, اذ تبين ان الرش بتركيز 200 ملغم.لتر-1 اندول حامض الخليك مع تركيز 4غم.لتر-1 من المحلول المغذي كومبي زاد معنويا من ارتفاع النبات وعدد الاوراق الكلية والوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري و محتوى الاوراق من الكلوروفيل الكلي و الكاربوهيدرات الكلية الذائبة و طول الشمراخ الزهري و قطر النوره الزهرية و عدد الازهار الى (41.3 سم, 56.67 ورقة.نبات-1, 4.48 غم.نبات-1, 37.08 ملغم.100 غم وزن طري, 10.82 ملغم.غم وزن جاف,17.93 سم, 7.57 سم و 18.67 زهرة.نبات-1) مقارنة مع النباتات غير المرشوشة المقارنة والتي أعطت اقل القيم .

An experiment was conducted at the nursery of Agriculture Faculty/ Kufa university during growing season 2013 – 2014 to study the effect of spraying Fenugreek seed extract and Salicylic acid on some vegetative and flowering parameters of Snapdragon plant . Experiment was adopted in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D ) with three replicates in two factors First three concentration of Fenugreek extract ( i.e. 0 , 3 and 6 ) ml.L-1 Second three concentration of Salicylic acid ( i.e. 0 , 25 and 50 ) mg.L-1 and their interaction , using Least Significant Difference ( L.S.D ) test to compare the means. Results showed that spraying with Fenugreek seed extract at a concentration 6 ml.L-1 or Salicylic acid at a concentration 50 mg.L-1 increased significantly growth parameters ( plant height , number of leaves , shoot dry weight , total content of chlorophyll and total soluble carbohydrates in leaves , longest height of roots , root dry weight , height and number of inflorescence per plant , numbers of florets per inflorescences, dry weight of florets, in addition to reduce the days until opening the first flower bud compared with control treatment which gave the least vales. Resulted showed that spraying Fenugreek seed extract at a concentration 6 ml.L-1 and Salicylic acid at a concentration 50 mg.L-1 increased significantly plant height, total content of chlorophyll and total soluble carbohydrates in leaves, longest height of roots , root dry weight. Resulted showed that spraying Fenugreek seed extract at concentration 6 ml.L-1 and Salicylic acid at concentration 25 mg.L-1 increased significantly number of leaves, shoot dry weight, height and number of inflorescence per plant, number of florets per inflorescence, dry weight of florets in addition to reduce the days until opening the first flower bud compared with control treatment which gave the least vales.

An experiment was conducted at the nursery of Agriculture Faculty/ University of Kufa during the growing season 2013 – 2014, to study the effect of spraying with Roselle extract and vitamin C on growth parameters of Carnation plant . Results showed that spraying Roselle extract concentration at 10g.L-1 and vitamin C concentration at 30mg. L-1 significantly increased the growth parameters (number of leaves to 75.87 leave.plant-1 and branches 9.87 branch.plant-1, total content of chlorophyll to 74.67 mg.100g-1 fresh weight and total soluble carbohydrates to 5.23 mg.g-1 dray weight) flowering parameters ( number of flowers to 12.67 flower.plant-1 , petals to 30.35 petals. Flower-1, flower diameter of flower to 4.03cm, floret length stalk to 59.16cm, floret diameter stalk to 0.41mm and day to flowering to 120.22 day), compared with control which gave the least values (44.23 leave.plant-1, 3.00 branch.plant-1, 62.57 mg.100g-1 fresh weight, 3.23mg.g-1 dry weight, 4.33 flower. Plant-1, 16.53 petals. Flower-1 , 1.73cm, 35.20cm, 0.13mm, 0.16g and the longest day to flowering 147.69 day).

Nursery experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq during 2012 to 2013, to study the impact of foliar application of the fenugreek seeds extract and thiamin on growth and flowers of zinnia plants. Experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Three levels of fenugreek seeds extract (that is, 0, 1.5 and 3 g l-1) and three levels of thiamin (that is, 0, 35 and 70 mg l-1) were used. Results showed that the spraying of fenugreek seeds extract at 3 g l-1 with thiamin at 35 mg/L showed encouraging impact especially on plant height (cm), number of leaves/ plant, number of branches/plant, dry weight leaf chlorophyll content (mg/100 g), leaf carbohydrates content (mg g-1), root length (cm) and roots dry weight (g) and flowering (flowers number/ plant, flower diameter (cm), number of petals/ flower and flower dry weight (g).

أجريت تجربة في مشتل كلية الزراعة /جامعة الكوفة خلال الموسم الزراعي 2013- 2014 لدراسة تأثير الرش الورقي لل Humus وحامض البوريك في نمو وأزهار الفريزيا .نفذت التجربة بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة (R.C.B.D) بثلاث مكررات بعاملين الاول ثلاثة تراكيز من السماد العضوي Humus هي (0/1.5/3) مل.لتر-1 والثاني ثلاثة تراكيز من حامض البوريك هي (0/10/20) ملغم.لتر-1 والتداخل بينهما قورنت المتوسطات حسب أقل فرق معنوي (L.S.D) وعلى مستوى أحتمال 0.05 أظهرت النتائج ان رش السماد العضوي Humus وبتركيز 3مل.لتر-1 أو حامض البوريك وبتركيز 20 ملغم.لتر-1 زاد معنويا من مؤشرات النمو اذ ازداد (أرتفاع النبات وعدد الاوراق والوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري ومحتوى الاوراق من الكلوروفيل الكلي والكاربوهدرات الكلية الذائبة وطول الحامل الزهري وعدد النورات الزهرية وعدد الازهار في النوره الزهرية وقطرالزهرة ومدة الازهار ) مقارنة بمعاملة المقارنة والتي أعطت أقل القيم كما أظهرت النتائج أن رش السماد العضوي Humus وبتركيز 3 مل.لتر-1 مع حامض البوريك وبتركيز 20ملغم.لتر-1 زاد من من مؤشرات النمو النمو الخضري والزهري أذ زداد أرتفاع النبات وعدد الاوراق وعدد النورات الزهرية وعدد الازهار في النورة اذ بلغ 49.83 سم و8.33 ورقة.نبات-1 و6.75 نورة.نبات -1و12.00زهرة.نبات-1 مقارنة بمعاملة المقارنة والتي أعطت أقل القيم اذ بلغ 33.63 سم و3.00 ورقة.نبات-1 و2.05 نورة.نبات-1 و6.13 زهرة.نبات-1 وعلى التوالي .

Abstract. This study was conducted during spring and summer seasons of 2011 to study the effect of foliar spraying of thiamin at 0, 60 and 120 mg L-1 and/or salicylic acid at 0, 25 and 50 mg L-1 on growth and flowering of Zinnia plant in a factorial experiment designed with R.C.B.D. Means were compared according to R.L.S.D test at probability 0.05. Results showed a significant increase in plant height, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area, (dry matter, total chlorophyll, protein, phosphorus and potassium content in leaves), number of roots plant-1, root dry weight, number of flowers plant-1, flower diameter, dry weight of flowers and vase life when spraying with thiamin at 120 mg L-1 or salicylic acid at 50 mg L-1. The interaction between the two factors increased significantly the number of leaves plant-1 to 32.00 when spraying with 120 mg L-1 thiamin + 25 mg L-1 salicylic acid, whereas spraying with thiamin at 120 mg L-1 + salicylic acid at 50 mg L-1 increased significantly number of roots plant-1, root dry weight, number of flowers plant-1 and flower diameter to (10.20 root plant-1, 0.499 g, 16.00 flower plant-1 and 8.68 cm, respectively) as compared to distilled water treatment which gave (6.30 root plant-1, 0.31 g, 11.30 flower plant-1 and 5.85 cm, respectively).

An experiment was conducted at the nursery of faculty of agriculture , University of Kufa, during the growing season 2012 – 2013 to study the effect of spraying Fenugreek seed extract (Trigonellafoenum- graecum L.) and Boric acid on growth and flowering parameters of Mathiola . Experiment was adopted a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates: First three concentrations of Fenugreek seed extract i. e. ( 0 , 2 and 4) ml.L-1. Second three concentrations of Boric acid H3PO4 i.e. (0 , 15 and 30) mg.L-1. Means were compared by using Least Significant Differences (L.S.D) test at a probability of 0.05. Results showed that spraying Fenugreek seed extract at a concentration 4 ml.L-1 or Boric at a concentration 30mg.L-1 increased significantly the growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, shoots dry weight, content of total chlorophyll and total soluble carbohydrates in leaves, number of main roots, roots dry weight). Flowering parameters( number of inflorescence and floret per inflorescence, diameter of floret, inflorescence stalk length and floret dry weight compared to control treatment which gave the least values. Results also showed that: spraying with liquorice roots extract at 4 ml.l-1 and vitamin C at 50 mg.l-1 increased significantly vegetative and roots growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, shoots dry weight, total content of chlorophyll, soluble carbohydrates, number of main roots and roots dry weight) and flowering parameters: number of inflorescence per plant to 8.33 and floret per inflorescence to 43.67 and floret diameters to 2.73 and inflorescence stalk diameter to 31.17cm and florets dry weight to 2.74, compared to the control which gave the lowest vales (3.00 inflorescence. plant-1, 23.33 floret. inflorescence-1, 1.13cm and 1.22gm).

المستخلص: نفذت التجربة في الظلة الخشبية – التابعة لقسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق كلية الزراعة –جامعة الكوفة خلال الموسمين الزراعين 2013-2014 و2014-2015 تأثير رش بعض المستخلصات النباتية في نمو وأزهار صنفين من القرنفل تم زراعة البذور بتاريخ 15/9/2013 و 2014 للموسم الأول والثاني على الترتيب في دايات وهي صنفين (الأحمر GIGANTE ROJO والأصفر GIGANTE AMARILLIO) المنتجة من قبل شركة Fito-Semillas الأسبانية وتم تفريد النباتات بعد ظهور زوجين من الأوراق الحقيقة في أصص بلاستيكية ذات قطر 20 سم وأرتفاع 16 اذ تتكون التجربة من ثلاثة عوامل هي صنفين من البذور الأحمر والأصفر والعامل الثاني نوع المستخلصات النباتية هي مستخلص عرق السوس ومستخلص بذور الحلبة ومستخلص الكجرات أما العامل الثالث هو تراكيز المستخلصات (0 و2.5 و5) و(0 و2 و4) و(0 و7.5 و15) غم.لتر-1 على التتابع نفذت التجربة كتجربة عاملية 2×3×3 بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة (R.C.B.D)Randomized Complete Block Design وبثلاثة عوامل وثلاث مكررات وكل مكرر يحتوي على 18 معاملة وكل معاملة عبارة عن خمسة أصص وقورنت المتوسطات حسب أقل فرق معنوي L.S.D وعند مستوى أحتمال 5%. وحللت النتائج بأستعمال البرنامج الأحصائي (Genstat). وأظهرت نتائج التجربة الأتي: لم يظهر للصنف تأثيراً معنويا وللموسمين في محتوى الأوراق من الجبرلين والزياتين وحامض الأبسيسيك ونسبة حامض الأبسيسيك الى الجبرلين +الزياتين بينما تفوق الصنف الأحمر على الصنف الأصفر وللموسمين في المساحة الورقية وقطر الزهرة والعمر المزهري ومحتوى الأزهار من صبغة الأنثوسيانين وعدد صفوف وقطر أوعية الخشب، بينما تفوق الصنف الأصفر على الصنف الأحمر في عدد الأوراق ومحتوى الأزهار من صبغة الكاروتين وقصر المدة اللازمة للأزهار أظهرت النتائج أن رش نباتات الصنف الأصفر بمستخلص الكجرات وبتركيز 7.5 غم.لتر-1 أدى الى زيادة عدد الأوراق ( 168.00 و132.33 ورقة.نبات-1 ) وللموسمين على التتابع وأدى رش نباتات الصنف الأحمر بمستخلص الكجرات وبتركيز 7.5 غم.لتر-1 أدى زيادة العمر المزهري للأزهار ( 7.00 و11.45 يوم ) وعدد صفوف الخشب ( 6.00 و7.00) صف وللموسمين على التتابع وأدى رش نباتات الصنف الأصفر بمستخلص عرق السوس وبتركيز 5غم.لتر-1 زيادة محتوى الأوراق من الجبرلين ( 4.15 و4.93 مايكروغرام.كغم-1) وللموسمين على التتابع،وأدى رش نباتات الصنف الأصفر بمستخلص عرق السوس وبتركيز 2.5غم.لتر-1 الى تقليل عدد الأيام اللازمة للأزهار ( 235.0 و184.3 يوم) وزيادة محتوى الأزهار من صبغة الكاروتين ( 8.23 و12.74 ملغم.100غم-1) وللموسمين على التتابع،وأدى رش نباتات الصنف الأحمر بمستخلص عرق السوس وبتركيز 2.5غم.لتر-1 الى زيادة قطر الزهرة ( 5.13 و7.26 سم ) وللموسمين على التتابع، وأدى رش نباتات الصنف الأحمر بمستخلص عرق السوس وبتركيز 5غم.لتر-1 الى زيادة محتوى الأوراق من الزياتين ( 2.96 و4.09 مايكروغرام.كغم-1) وللموسمين على التتابع. وأدى رش نباتات الصنف الأحمر بمستخلص الكجرات وبتركيز 15 غم.لتر-1 الى زيادة محتوى الأزهار من صبغة الأنثوسيانين (12.18 و18.21 ملغم.100غم-1) وللموسمين على التتابع. وأدى رش نباتات الصنف الأصفر بمستخلص بذور الحلبة وبتركيز 4غم.لتر-1 الى زيادة محتوى الأوراق من حامض الأبسيسيك ( 3.38 و2.60 مايكروغرام.كغم-1) ونسبة حامض الأبسيسيك الى الجبرلين +الزياتين ( 1.23 و0.68 مايكروغرام.كغم-1) وللموسمين على التتابع.

A field experiment was conducted at the nursery of Agriculture Faculty/ Kufa University during the growing season 2012 – 2013 to study the effect of spraying liquorice (licorice) roots extract Glyayrrhiza glabra L. and vitamin C on some vegetative and flowering parameters of Stock plant . The experiment was adopted in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with two factors in three replicates: First was three concentrations of liquorice roots extract i.e. (0, 3 and 6) ml.L-1, second was three concentrations of vitamin C i.e. (0, 75 and 150) mg.L-1 and their interactions. Least significant differences (L.S.D) test was using to compare the means. Results showed that spraying with liquorice extract at a concentration 4 ml.L-1 or vitamin C at a concentration 50 mg.L-1 increased significantly plant height, number of leaves, shoots dry weight, content of total chlorophyll and total soluble carbohydrates in leaves, number of main roots, roots dry weight, number of inflorescence and floret, diameter of floret and inflorescence dry weight, compared to control treatment which gave the least values. Results also showed that: spraying with liquorice roots extract at a concentration 4 ml.L-1 and vitamin C at a concentration 50 mg.L-1 increased significantly plant height, number of leaves, shoots dry weight, total content of chlorophyll, soluble carbohydrates, number of main roots and roots dry weight, number of inflorescence per plant and floret per inflorescence to 8.67 and 48.67, inflorescence stalk diameter to 4.07cm and inflorescence dry weight to 2.92gm, compared to control treatment which gave the least values: 3.00 inflorescence. Plant-1, 27.00 floret. Inflorescence-1, 1.20cm and 0.22gm respectively

Abstract A nursery experiment was carried out during 2011 - 2012 at Najaf, Iraq, to determine the response of marigold plant to organic fertilisers and their extracts. A factorial experiment was conducted involving three factors (2 x 4 x 2) namely, type of compost (the extracts of peat moss and sheep manure), concentrations of foliar application (0%, 20%, 40% and 60%), and the mixed in soil and foliar application. The results showed that the type of organic fertiliser and the application method significantly affected vegetative growth (leaf number/plant, shoot dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content, and carbohydrate leaf content), and flowers parameters (length of the flower stem, flower number/plant, and flower diameter). This study showed that compared to the other fifteen treatment conditions, the application of extract of sheep manure applied at 40% concentration and as a foliar spray produced superior results on both vegetative growth and flower parameters.

أجريت تجربة حقلية في مشتل كلية الزراعة /جامعة الكوفة خلال الموسم الزراعي 2012 – 2013 لدراسة تاثير رش مستخلص الخميرة وفيتامين c في نمو وازهار نبات القرنفل , نفذت التجربة بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة ( R.C.B.D) بثلاث مكررات بعاملين الأول ثلاثة تراكيز من مستخلص الخميرة هي(0,3 و 6) غم.لتر-1 والثاني ثلاثة تراكيز من فيتامين c هي (0 , 100 و 200 ) ملغم.لتر-1 والتداخل فيما بينهما , قورنت المتوسطات حسب اختبار اقل فرق معنوي ( L.S.D ) وعلى مستوى احتمال 0.05 . أظهرت النتائج إن رش مستخلص الخميرة بتركيز 6غم.لتر-1 مع فيتامين c بتركيز 200 ملغم.لتر-1 زاد معنويا من مؤشرات النمو الخضري والجذري (أرتفاع النبات وعدد الأوراق والوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري ومحتوى الأوراق من الكلوروفيل الكلي والكاربوهيدرات الكلية الذائبة وطول اطول جذر والوزن الجاف للجذور ) والزهري (عدد الأزهار وعمر الازهار المزهري وعدد البتلات وقطر الزهرة والوزن الجاف للازهار ) اذ بلغت 8.00 زهرة.نبات -1و7.67 يوم و33.42 بتلة.زهرة-1 مقارنة بمعاملة المقارنة والتي اعطت اقل المعدلات بلغت 4.00 زهره.نبات-1 و4.12 يوم و22.67 بتلة.زهرة-1 وعلى التوالي

Abstract. Due to the importance of cultivating and trading freesia corms and studying the possibility of increasing and multiplying freesia flowers to meet consumer needs. The study aimed to evaluate the application of different levels of jasmonic acid and nanomagnesium in the growth and flowering of freesia plants. Therefore, an experiment was carried out at the Scientific Research Station of the College of Agriculture - University of Kufa during the agricultural season 2023-2024. The yellow Wintergold corms, produced by the Turkish company Asyalale, were planted on 10/20/2023 in plastic pots with a diameter of 25 cm in an agricultural medium of river sand and peat moss at a ratio of 3:1, weighing 5 kg, at a rate of one plant per pot. Spraying was done with jasmonic acid at four concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 30) mg.L-1, or nanomagnesium, at four concentrations (0, 40, 80 and 120) mg.L-1. The spraying was carried out three times, the first spraying was when the true leaves appeared and the spraying was done twice. Others with an interval of 21 days. The parameters were applied in a factorial experiment with two factors and three replications, and (R.C.B.D) Randomized complete Block Design 4×4×3 = 48. The results showed that spraying jasmonic acid at a concentration of 30 mg.L-1 with nanomagnesium at concentrations of 80 and 120 mg.L-1 . The best results that recorded a significant increase in the dry weight of the shoot, the number of days required for the flower stand to appear, the number of days required for flowering, the number of florets in the inflorescence, the number of corms, the nitrogen content of the leaves, the potassium content of the leaves and the magnesium content of the leaves were in the treatment. The interaction was 30 mg.L-1 jasmonic and 120 mg.L-1 nanomagnesium, which did not differ from the interaction of jasmonk at the same concentration with 80 mg.L-1 nanomagnesium. The mentioned interaction treatments differed significantly from the individual treatments and was also significantly different from the control treatment in all the studied parameters.

The experiment was carried out in the nursery of University of Kufa during the agricultural season 2021-2022 to study the response of Chinese carnation plant to spraying with putrescine and roselle extract in growth and flowering indicators. Experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications. The concentrations of putrescine were 0, 50 and 100 mg l-1 and 0, 2.5 and 5 ml l-1 of roselle extract. The obtained results confirmed that spraying putrescine at a concentration of 100 mg l-1 with roselle extract at a concentration of 2.5 ml l-1 led to a significant increase in plant growth characteristics such as number of branches, the dry weight of the shoot system, the dry weight of the root system, and the content of the leaves in total soluble carbohydrates, and flowering characteristics such as inflorescence length, number of florets, diameter of the floret, the percentage of potassium (K) in the leaves, and the flower content of the anthocyanin pigment, compared to the control treatment

The experiment was carried out in the nursery of University of Kufa during the agricultural season 2021-2022 to study the response of Chinese carnation plant to spraying with putrescine and roselle extract in growth and flowering indicators. Experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications. The concentrations of putrescine were 0, 50 and 100 mg l-1 and 0, 2.5 and 5 ml l-1 of roselle extract. The obtained results confirmed that spraying putrescine at a concentration of 100 mg l-1 with roselle extract at a concentration of 2.5 ml l-1 led to a significant increase in plant growth characteristics such as number of branches, the dry weight of the shoot system, the dry weight of the root system, and the content of the leaves in total soluble carbohydrates, and flowering characteristics such as inflorescence length, number of florets, diameter of the floret, the percentage of potassium (K) in the leaves, and the flower content of the anthocyanin pigment, compared to the control treatment

The experiment was carried out in the nursery of University of Kufa during the agricultural season 2021-2022 to study the response of Chinese carnation plant to spraying with putrescine and roselle extract in growth and flowering indicators. Experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications. The concentrations of putrescine were 0, 50 and 100 mg l-1 and 0, 2.5 and 5 ml l-1 of roselle extract. The obtained results confirmed that spraying putrescine at a concentration of 100 mg l-1 with roselle extract at a concentration of 2.5 ml l-1 led to a significant increase in plant growth characteristics such as number of branches, the dry weight of the shoot system, the dry weight of the root system, and the content of the leaves in total soluble carbohydrates, and flowering characteristics such as inflorescence length, number of florets, diameter of the floret, the percentage of potassium (K) in the leaves, and the flower content of the anthocyanin pigment, compared to the control treatment

Abstract. The experiment was carried out in the nursery of University of Kufa during the agricultural season 2021-2022 to study the response of Chinese carnation plant to spraying with putrescine and roselle extract in growth and flowering indicators. Experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications. The concentrations of putrescine were 0, 50 and 100 mg l-1 and 0, 2.5 and 5 ml l-1 of roselle extract. The obtained results confirmed that spraying putrescine at a concentration of 100 mg l-1 with roselle extract at a concentration of 2.5 ml l-1 led to a significant increase in plant growth characteristics such as number of branches, the dry weight of the shoot system, the dry weight of the root system, and the content of the leaves in total soluble carbohydrates, and flowering characteristics such as inflorescence length, number of florets, diameter of the floret, the percentage of potassium (K) in the leaves, and the flower content of the anthocyanin pigment, compared to the control treatment.

A pot experiment was conducted during the 2019-2020 season at the temporary place of the Faculty of Agriculture/ University of Kufa/ Najaf city/ Iraq to estimate the response growth and flowering of petunia hybrid to Spraying amino acids and iron. The amino acid concentrations were 0, 3, and 6 ml.l-1, and three iron concentrations were 0, 15, and 30 mg.l-1.It is clear that the interaction between amino acid {6 ml.l-1}and iron {15mg.l-1} produces an increase in vegetative and flowering characters, the number of leaves and branches, length of flowering branches, number of flowers, Flower diameter, The age of the flower in the plant & the flower content of carotene pigment increased remarkably, while amino acid {6 ml.l-1} and iron {30 mg.l-1} have significant effect on leaf chlorophyll content, and total soluble carbohydrates.

Abstract: The experiment was carried out in the nursery of University of Kufa during the agricultural season 2021-2022 to study the response of stock plant to spraying with amino acids and nano-iron in growth and flowering indicators. experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications The concentrations of amino acids were 0, 1.5 and 3 ml l-1 and 0, 20 and 40 mg l-1 of nano-iron. The obtained results confirmed that spraying amino acids at a concentration of 3 ml l-1 with nano iron at a concentration of 20 mg l-1 led to a significant increase in plant height, total number of leaves, leaves content of total chlorophyll, total soluble carbohydrates, number of inflorescences, number of florets, flower diameter and inflorescence length, compared to the control treatment.

Abstract. The experiment was conducted at a nursery of the agricultural research station of the Faculty of Agriculture / University of Kufa during the 2024 growing season to study the effect of spraying with brassinolide and boric acid on the growth and flowering of aster plant. A factorial experiment was set up in a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates and two factors. The first factor involved spraying three concentrations of brassinolide: (0, 1.5, and 3) mg.L-1, while the second factor included three concentrations of boric acid: (0, 30, and 60) mg.L-1. ANOVA procedure was performed, and the means of the treatments were compared using the Least Significant Difference (L.S.D) test at a 0.05 probability level. The results showed that spraying brassinolide at a concentration of 3 mg.L-1 with boric acid at a concentration of 30 mg.L-1 realized a significant increase in plant height, total number of leaves, soluble carbohydrate content in leaves, boron content in leaves, length of inflorescence stalk, number of inflorescences, number of flowers, and anthocyanin pigment content in flowers, reaching (31.80 cm), (46.97 leaves.plant-1), (12.45 mg.g-1), (41.29 mg.kg-1), (19.90 cm, 13.33 inflorescence.plant-1), (25.67 flowers.plant-1), and (10.73 mg.100g-1). In contrast, the control treatment gave the lowest averages (20.47 cm), (30.67 leaves.plant-1), (8.31 mg.g-1), (35.43 mg.kg-1), (10.73 cm), (5.33 inflorescence.plant-1), (9.67 flowers.plant-1), and (5.45 mg.100g-1), respectively.