muqdad abdoulelah taher Aldahan

اجريت هذه الدراسة لقياس تراكيز العوامل البيئية : قياس درجة حرارة الهواء و المياه، التيارات المائية، اختراق الضوء (وضوح الماء)، التوصيل الكهربائي (EC)، الملوحة، درجة حموضة المياه، المواد الصلبة الذائبة (TDS)، مجموع المواد الصلبة العالقة (TSS)، الأكسجين الذائب (DO)، المتطلب الحيوي للأكسجين (BOD)، إجمالي صلابة أو العسرة الكلية (TH)، الكالسيوم (Ca+2) والمغنيسيوم (Mg+2)، نترات (NO3)، فوسفات (PO43) كربونات (CO2−3)، بيكربونات (HCO3-)، كبريتات (4-SO). وتم جمع العينات بين كل شهرين في الفترة من كانون أول 2013 إلى تشرين أول 2014، من ستة مواقع مختلفة مختارة من بحر النجف في مدينة النجف. و اظهرت النتائج أن مؤشرات المياه كانت ضمن المعايير العراقية، ومعايير منظمة الصحة العالمية لمصادر مياه الشرب للمواقع الشرقية منه . ووجد التحليل الإحصائي للبيانات أن اختلافات كبيرة بين الفصول وبين المحطات.

تضمن البحث دراسة بيئية لنهري ابو غرب والوهابي المتفرعين في محافظة النجف متمثلة بدراسة بعض الخواص الفيزيائية و الكيميائية والعدد الكلي للهائمات النباتية وعزل بعض انواع البكتريا والطفيليات المتواجدة فيهما ، و قد اختيرت ستة محطات ضمن النهرين لكل نهر ثلاث محطات . أجريت الفحوصات ثلاث مرات خلال أشهر (شباط ، اذار ، نيسان) 2007 لملاحظة مدى التلوث والتغاير و الاختلاف في تلك الخصائص خلال مدة الدراسة . أظهرت النتائج مقدار الترابط بين مختلف العوامل الفيزيائية و الكيميائية المقاسة كالترابط الوثيق بين قيم التوصيل الكهربائي و المواد الذائبة العالقة و كذلك بين درجة الحرارة و كمية الأوكسجين المذاب و بين مقدار التلوث و تركيز الفوسفات و النترات حيث سجلت قيم مرتفعة لها في المحطة (2) الوهابي . و بينت الفحوصات أن مقدار الأس الهايدروجيني pH لمياه نهري ابو غرب والوهابي تقع جميعاً ضمن المدى الطبيعي للمياه السطحية و هو دائماً ضمن الدالة القاعدية حيث سجل أعلى مقدار له (9.14) في المحطة (6) ابو غرب في شهر اذار 2007 فيما سجل أقل مقدار (pH=6.71) في المحطة (5) أيضاً في شهر نيسان 2007 . وقد لوحظ أن أعلى سرعة سجلت لتيار الماء كانت في المحطة رقم (4) ابو غرب طوال مدة الدراسة حيث يكون انحدار النهر عالياً في تلك المنطقة . إن مياه نهري الوهابي وابوغرب يمكن تصنيفها على أنها (عسرةhard من 150-300 ملغرام/لتر) إلى (عسرة جداً very hard أكثر من 300 ملغرام/لتر) حيث سجلت المحطات (2 و 3 ) أعلى قيم للعسرة خلال شهر نيسان. كذلك حسبت اعداد الطحالب الدايتومية والطحالب غير الدايتومية في مواقع الدراسة اذ كانت اكثر غزارة في اذار 2007 فقد بلغ العدد الكلي للطحالب الدايتومية 11147.5 خلية / مل في محطة (3) ، اما الطحالب غير الدايتومية فسجلت اعلى قيمة لها في نفس المحطة فكانت (5525.9) خلية / مل. وحسبت اعداد بكتريا Pseudomonas و Staphylococus و E.coli وسجلت المحطة (6) اعلى قيمة لاعداد بكتريا Pseudomonas وكانت 7.3 ×610 خلية /100مل خلال شهر نيسان واعلى قيمة سجلت لبكتريا Staphylococus كانت في المحطة (2) الوهابي وبلغت 9.4 ×610 خلية /100مل خلال شهر اذار اما بكتريا القولون E.coli فسجلت اعلى قيمة لها في المحطة (6) ابو غرب فكانت 20×610 خلية /100مل خلال شهر اذار اما الفحوصات الطفيلية فسجلت المحطة (1) و (2) الوهابي اكثر تلوثا ببيوض الطفيلي Enterobius vermicularis وبيوض طفيلي Ascaris lumbricoides خلال مدة الدراسة اما بيوض الطفيلي Taenia saginata وبيوض الطفيلي Fasciola hepatica سجل اكثر تلوثا في المحطتين (5و6) ابوغرب خلال شهر شباط 2007 . وقد وجد ايضا تلوث المياه بطفيليات دموية وظهور البيوض لطفيلي Schistosoma mansoniو Schistosoma haematobium في المحطتين (5و6) ابوغرب خلال شهري شباط واذار 2007 .

The world is witnessing an astonishing and accelerating development in the field of technology, yet experts predict that there will be drastic shifts in the year 2020 that could significantly affect the course of our lives, according to a report by technology website Venturebeat. Here is a look at the top 10 expected tech trends: Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence has become a part of everyday life, driven by the emergence of influential voice systems such as Alexa, Siri and Google Assistant. In 2020, experts anticipate a breakthrough in artificial intelligence, including its use in computerized emotion and visual recognition. Online shopping Selling online is hot but not many apps support it. For example, Amazon recently launched the Amazon Go application, but with the emergence of the fifth generation of Internet networks and the use of more sensors and optical technologies, this sector is expected to witness a remarkable development in 2020. advanced computer processors The year 2020 will see the need for advanced and more efficient computing devices given that a plethora of new applications are powered by sensors and artificial intelligence models that are constantly evolving. Several companies have begun producing advanced chips that are able to deal with the increasing demand, and that mimic the structure of the brain and process artificial intelligence algorithms. Quantum computing The report predicted that the year 2020 will be the beginning of the era of quantum computing. As the flow of data increases, quantum computing is expected to contribute more to the major problems that occupy societies, such as energy and health care. In 2020, the ability to handle big data for cancer treatment, nuclear power control, DNA analysis and more will be needed. Companies such as IBM, Google, Intel, Microsoft, and Alibaba have made tangible strides toward quantum computing. Aerospace Technologies Humanity will begin returning to space in 2020, driven in large part by the private sector. Since the Cold War, technological progress has slowed. Notable companies now making headway in space include SpaceX and Blue Origin. SpaceX is developing its Starship rocket, while private enterprises are making progress in space. Spacecraft may shorten intercontinental flights to between 20-30 minutes, according to the report. A new era of the Internet The year 2020 will witness intense competition between the United States and China over the fastest supply to consumers of fifth generation (5G) technology. Another hot topic is Starlink Broadband technology. Through these technologies, up to 2,500 satellites will be launched in 2020, and this represents a new era of broadband Internet, and this number is expected to grow to 12,000 satellites by 2023. digital healthcare Digital healthcare in 2020 is expected to witness a lot of innovation, such as the use of technology in genetic analysis to detect diseases and provide ways to prevent them. According to the report, the development of artificial intelligence will improve the quality of treatment in 2020. It will be used to diagnose medical images captured through MRI, CT scans and X-rays. Startups Enlitic and Zebra Medical Vision are showing significant progress in this regard. Crop farming technology In agriculture, many companies are emerging that offer products that use artificial intelligence, computer vision, and big data. In 2020, it will become common to monitor crop growth through computer vision. Robots that will grow plants and fruits will become more common. Agricultural companies will also seek to improve the efficiency of crop growth, even indoors, by developing their capabilities in the field of technology. Autonomous driving technology Autonomous leadership is one of the most important topics, and it has not yet reached the fifth level (complete control), but it is making progress, in light of the great interest given by leading companies in this field. During this year, it seeks to upgrade from the second or third level of self-driving to the fifth. Among these companies are Prophesee (France), Perceptive Automata (USA). Blockchain Data With the growth of this sector, companies working in the field of payment and security that are developing anti-money laundering technologies are attracting attention. One of these companies is IBM, which has already begun developing a program that specializes in blockchain. In 2020, major organizations will introduce blockchain technology to prevent information leakage and online fraud. Although there are concerns about the impact of this technological development on the workforce, the report finds that the new year will undoubtedly be a year of innovation, as people improve in the use of technology.

In this episode of Green Japan we focus on the power of hydrogen - an alternative to fossil fuels that is drawing interest and investment from around the world. In the city of Kobe, hydrogen produces heat and electricity for a hospital, sports centre and trains - part of Japan's transition to a so-called 'hydrogen society'. Japan was the first country in the world to draw up a hydrogen strategy in 2017. It aims to cut emissions by 46 per cent by 2030, and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Developing green hydrogen Hydrogen produces steam when burned, but its green credentials depend on how it is produced. Made from coal or natural gas it emits CO2, which can be captured and stored. At the Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field - FH2R - one of the world’s largest facilities of its type, they make 'green hydrogen'. "In this facility, we are researching the production of hydrogen without carbon dioxide emissions as much as possible, by making best use of renewable energy," explains Ohira Eiji, Director General of the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology Office, NEDO.

Investing major technology companies in the "Silicon Valley" money in renewable energy seriously, and represents a reference to the rapid changes in the energy market. Most people look to the US Apple as a company that produces smart phones, and computers, just smart and hours, and not as a company to provide energy needs. But in August / August, that all changed, when the company was granted permission to approve the sale of energy produced from a solar power plants in California, which the company had acquired last year. The Apple company has invested in renewable energy before, and says she wants in the end that all plants fully operational, and by a hundred percent, through renewable energy sources. And not Apple's alone in these efforts, Amazon announced a famous company, which operates in the field of retailing on the Internet, the creation of a wind power plant of 253 MW power in the Western District of Texas in the United States. Google is also the company also invested in a huge plant to generate electricity from solar energy, known as "Ivanebah solar power station" in California. Google has also been involved with the company, "Sun-barrow" in a project that aims to provide solar panels for homeowners. What makes the technology companies interested in renewable energy sources? Ash Sharma, solar energy expert institution "IHS" Technology says: "For these giants, is the power of the larger cost of things. The attempt to save energy at low cost is critical for her. " And consume such companies a lot of energy to run modern information centers have, in addition to the operation of the main storage devices (known as servers), around the clock. These devices need to be cooling on an ongoing basis, which represents a huge cost in itself for these companies. But what makes Google is interested in development of solar panels on top of people's homes company? The company says it wants to know "the solar potential of this planet," The data to be provided by solar panels that may tell us a lot about energy strategies in the future, in addition to the interest that would accrue to the people. So far, solar energy prices are still in decline more rapidly than some expected. In an auction of energy was the last month in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, a joint Chinese-Japanese company made a bid to build a plant to generate solar energy aims to produce energy for at least the price of 2.5 cents (100 cents equals dollars) per kilowatt hour. This rate is much cheaper than the cost of other energy sources, such as the rate of gas and coal in the United States of America. In addition to those that are cheaper tender submitted a tender to build a solar power plant so far. Sharma believes that the decline in the cost of solar energy production strongly linked to the prosperity of the solar panel industry. He adds: "There is a huge manufacturing capabilities were added to the market in China, which is now responsible for producing nearly 80 percent of the world's manufactured solar panels." With the decline in the cost of building solar power plants, the world witnessed a dramatic increase in the creation of huge plants to generate solar energy. Since only a few years, says Sharma, the solar projects that produce 50 megawatts of electricity are seen as large projects. But there are now many projects that are being developed for the production of hundreds of Almigawat, and that includes the largest solar power plant in the world in the city of Madhya Pradesh in India, which aims to produce 750 megawatts. Authorities hope that the establishment of this station ends in 2017. In addition to all these projects, there are also some startling research that is currently underway, designed to produce the best solar cells. There are some new experimental panels which use industrial materials mimic the installation of metal crystals "Barovskait", which is more efficient in converting solar energy into electrical energy in addition to the metal because it is less expensive. And solar energy still represents only one percent of total energy sources in the world, but with a growing supply of means of solar energy production on an ongoing basis, it appears that this ratio will change soon. Sharma adds that there will be a continuous impact on prices. It is expected, "IHS" Institute of Technology that the cost of solar energy production would decline "by about 30 percent" in the next year. The giant technology companies is the largest and most powerful companies in the world, and therefore perhaps not surprising that it is heading towards the area of ??energy production because everything has, as you know these companies well, now it depends on the energy.