Muntadher Salah Razzaq AL-Naffakh

Background: Understanding the characteristics of patients and temporal patterns of emergency department visits is crucial for improving service management and optimizing resource allocation. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the demographic and clinical profiles of patients and determine the reasons and temporal patterns of visits to the emergency department of Al-Hakeem Hospital in Najaf, Iraq, in 2025. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients visiting the emergency department during a consecutive three-month period in the spring of 2025. Data on demographics, clinical profiles, visit patterns, diagnoses, and treatment were collected using a structured form. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, along with descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The mean patient age was 33.75 years. The majority were uninsured, married, urban-residing males, arriving most frequently at night via private transport. Common presentations included abdominal pain/fever/vomiting (25.5%) and trauma (13.9%), with food poisoning being the predominant diagnosis. Most patients were triaged as semi-urgent (67.1%) and had no comorbidities. Average consultation time and ED length of stay were 25.17 minutes and 3.3 hours, respectively. The majority recovered. Visit time (morning, afternoon, night, midnight) showed significant associations with multiple variables such as residence, marital status, occupation, insurance status, triage level, chief complaints, diagnosis, disease severity, physical activity, and performed tests (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Temporal patterns and individual characteristics have a significant influence on ED visits. These findings can help optimize staffing during peak hours, target training for common conditions, and improve resource planning for uninsured patients.

ABSTRACT Background: chronic liver disease (CLD) is growing annually and increases the mortality and morbidity in the world. It also a complex disease that determines of the human effective especially in the middle of ages and young people. In the recent decade, the number of people with the disease had increased about 550 million people worldwide because of viral infections alone, and the number rises when adding the rest of the other causes of the disease such as fatty liver disease, alcohol, immune diseases, metabolic disorders and cholestasis disease. Methodology: a descriptive correlational design is used through the present study in order to: assess the linH

Stroke is a major cause of mortality worldwide and commonly occurs among elderly, and between all the neurologic diseases of adult life, stroke ranks first in frequency and importance. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was adapted to assess the impact of stroke in the current study to achieve the early stated objectives, the study started from February 10th 2019 to May 22nd 2019. A non-probability (purposive) sample of (92) patients who found in Middle Euphrates Neuroscience Center. Results: The results show that the most of participant age groups are more than 50 years old (93.5%), and (60.9%) of them are females, also(58.7%) of the subjects are illiterate. And (69.6%) of them had barley sufficient monthly income, (72.8%) of the participants are living in urban areas. The majority of the study sample (85.9%) are married,while after stroke, the results show that the most of study sample(96.7%)have no change in their marital status. Concerning occupational status,about (53.3%) are housewives, while (50%) of the participants lost their job after stroke. The results also show that the all patients are affected by stroke, three-quarter of them arehighly affected and the fourth quarter are moderately affected, because the health institutions lack many specialist rehabilitation centers and physiotherapists. Conclusion: The study confirmed that all patients involved were affected by the stroke .

Abstract: Background: Chronic viral hepatic infections are a major threat to public health worldwide. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, two conditions with increasing mortality and burden of disease especially in the developing countries. Objectives: To assess self–esteem for patients with hepatitis B & C virus. To compare between patients with hepatitis B & those with hepatitis C virus regarding their self-esteem. Methodology: Descriptive comparative is adopted in the current study to achieve the early stated objectives. The study started from March 8th, 2018 until April, 29th, 2018. A Non-Probability (purposive Sample) of (40) HBV patients, (29) HCV patients, those who visit Al-Sadder Medical City in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf., are included in the study sample. Data collected through using of a well-designed questionnaire consist of three parts: Part 1: Demographic Data: This part consists of (7) items, which includes age, gender, level of education, monthly income, residence, marital status, occupation status. Part 2: Clinical Data: This part consists of (6) items: (disease duration since diagnosis, associated disease, used

Background: Chronic viral hepatic infections are a major threat to public health worldwide. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, two conditions with increasing mortality and burden of disease especially in the developing countries. Objectives: To assess self–esteem for patients with hepatitis B & C virus. To compare between patients with hepatitis B & those with hepatitis C virus regarding their self-esteem. Methodology: Descriptive comparative is adopted in the current study to achieve the early stated objectives. The study started from March 8th, 2018 until April, 29th, 2018. A Non-Probability (purposive Sample) of (40) HBV patients, (29) HCV patients, those who visit Al-Sadder Medical City in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf., are included in the study sample. Data collected through using of a well-designed questionnaire consist of three parts: Part 1: Demographic Data: This part consists of (7) items, which includes age, gender, level of education, monthly income, residence, marital status, occupation status. Part 2: Clinical Data: This part consists of (6) items: (disease duration since diagnosis, associated disease, usedtreatment for long time, do you smoker, do you drink alcohol, body mass index) Part 3: Self Esteem: This is a 14 item scales which is rank on (4) point scale, but we modified it to three point scale due to expert's suggestion. Results: the study indicates not significance between self-esteem and demographic data in all items, except at item that are (age, and monthly income) their high significance at p-value < 0.01, in HBV and not significance in all items in HCV. Conclusions: Most patients with ESRD need moderate assistance in performing in dietary, exercise and psychological in their daily self-care activities. Recommendations: The study recommends A simple manual of guidelines of care for patients undergoing hemodialysis should be available in all units to be provided to newly admitted patients. Design and implement an educational program for nurses to help them to provide nursing interventions to ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis to improve their self-care.

Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is still the most important group of heart diseases that affect millions of people worldwide, and is considered the main cause of morbidity and mortality in many of developing countries. A Descriptive Analytic Study is carried out in Al-Najaf City/Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Health Directorate / Al-Sadder Medical City, at Al-Najaf Center for cardiac Surgery and Trans Catheter therapy. from September 20th, 2016 to May 11th, 2017. The study is conducted to assess patients’ knowledge regarding lifestyle changes after ischemic Heart Disease, and to find out the relationship between patients’ knowledge and their demographic and clinical data. A Non-Probability (Purposive Sample) of (141) ischemic heart disease patients are included in the study. The data were collected through the utilization of the developed questionnaire after the estimation of the validity and reliability. In addition, the researcher is use an interview technique in data collection. Reliability of the questionnaire is determined through a pilot study by using the Alpha Cronbach’s technique, and the validity through (15) experts from different specialties (Face Validity) for reviewing the study instrument. The data analyzed through using of the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedures. The findings of the present study indicate that the overall assessment of patients’ knowledge regarding lifestyle changes after ischemic Heart Disease is fair. Moreover, there is a high significant relationship between the patients’ knowledge regarding lifestyle changes after ischemic heart disease and their duration of disease, health education, source of education and previous hospitalization. The study concludes that there is a lack in the patients' knowledge regarding lifestyle changes after ischemic heart disease. In addition, there is a significant effect of the duration of disease, health education, source of education and previous hospitalization on the patients’ knowledge regarding lifestyle changes. The study recommends that comprehensive studies for Iraqis people should be conducted to determine and explore the factors affecting on the patients’ knowledge regarding lifestyle changes after the IHDs, with establishing appropriate solutions to promote the level of patients’ knowledge. In addition, health education programs should be applied to increase the knowledge of patients’ regarding lifestyle changes.