Mohmmad Mohsien Abdulhusien Alrufae

Abstract The present study is designed to evaluate some compounds extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus and purification using analytical and preparative HPLC technique, then tested the anticancer activity by invitro crystal violate (C.V) cytotoxicity assay on cancer and normal cell line, chemical description of these compounds were done by GC-MS technique. Analytical and preparative HPLC carried out with 25%methanol with 1% formic acid mobile phase and description about 12 fractions with retention time (9,10,11.5,12,12.5,13.5,14.7,15.5,17,18,19.5-21,21.8)at 254nm respectively. In vitro C.V cytotoxicity assay on SW-480 colon cancer cell line appeared the excellent inhibition with (1, 5, 6 ,7 ,12) fractions with (1000, 500,250,125,62.5 μg/ml), while the same fractions have no effect on vero-101normal cell line. GC-MS analysis data gave us the most probability anticancer compounds in these fractions such as Quinoline, 1H indol, Silane compounds and N-hexadecanoic acid.

ABSTRACT : The present study was designed to evaluate efficiency of crude Pleurotus ostreatus extract as immunstimulater activity by investigate the contribution of some immunological parameters in response to crude extract in albino rats. The effective dose of crud extract were determined by treating the rats with different dose of extracts then evaluated the complete blood count (CBC). The result show that 100mg/kg dose was the most efficient dose in stimulating immunity so these dose chosen to further study. Three groups of rats (4 in each) were used, first group was immunized intraperetonialy with 3 dose per 14 day, second group immunized similarly with 6 dose per 14 while third group was gave intraperetonialy phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as control group. Blood samples were collected at 2 weeks last dose. Immunity parameters were detected by ELISA test (TLR4, IL2 and MCP1) as well as IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 by radial immune diffusion assay, in addition to evaluated Phagocytosis activity which appeared a significantly Pd”0.05 increased at 6dose per 14 days during 1 and 24 h (32.5 and 69%) compared with control (19 and 26.5%), respectively, also all tested cytokines (IL2, TLR4 and MCP1) were significantly P£0.05 increased after 6 doses. 14 days compared with control treatment but only TLR4 significantly increased after 3dose. 14 days, also all humeral immune parameters tested (IgG, IgM and C3) significantly P£0.05 increased at 6 dose. 14 days (3411, 71.35, 239)mg/dl respectively, but non significantly increased in C4, while non-significantly increased at 3dose. 14 days at all treatments.

Abstract Objective(s): the current study aims at isolating Cryptococcus neoformans yeast from cancer patients and identifying them genetically, depending on Ribosomal internal transcript spacer DNA, using the specific primer ITS_CN4 and CN5_CN6 in Nested PCR Technique. Methodology: this yeast has been isolated from hospitalized patients in the hospitals of Najaf Governorate from cancer male and female patients in Najaf Governorate, having different ages from (1-45) years old. The yeasts have been phenotypically identified using traditional methods and biochemical tests. The yeasts have been identified as Cryptococcus neformans yeasts using VIEK2 system. Out of 57 samples taken from cancer patients, 21 isolates were isolated from Cryptococcus; 15 isolates from C. neoformans, 5 isolates from C. albidus, and one isolate from C. laurentii. The results of amplification using the (CN4,ITS) showed bands with size of 415 base pairs, but only for 14 C. neoformans isolates. However, the other two types showed no band. The (CN6_CN5) delivered bands with 116 base pairs for 20 isolates common among the three species. The statistical programme spss was used to calculate the final results of the study. Results: Cr.neoformans yeast was the most frequent isolates as compared with the other species. Nested PCR method gave the best of the results concerning the identification and genetic convergence among the species. Results of identification using the VIEK2 system were identical to those gotten via this method, using the (CN5_CN6) more than those gotten using the first pair (CN4, ITS). Conclusion: most of the infections in Cryptococcus neoformans were in city patients; among age category from (16-30) years old, as the most infected age category. Recommendations: Depending on the Nested PCR Technique in identification, as it is an accurate method that can be used for genotype identification and classification of that yeast.

Abstract The biological methods for nanoparticles synthesis is vital area due to their benefits over chemical and physical methods of synthesis. The aim of the present study is the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pantoea agglomerans and evaluating their biomedical activity. AgNPs were biosynthesized by adding AgNO3 to cell free supernatant of P.agglomerans at concentration (10 mM). The PCR was accomplished to molecular identification of P. agglomerans using specific primers for 16S rRNA gene, foreword primer (8fpl) and reverse primer (1492rpl) Biosynthesis of AgNPs was firstly indicated by the colour alteration of reaction mixture from yellow to reddish brown. The characterization completed by XRD, SEM, EDS, and AFM. The XRD presented the size of AgNPs was 16nm.The SEM was offered the shape was spherical and homogenous and the size was ranged between 64-100nm. The occurrence of elemental silver was analysed by EDS. The AFM displayed three dimensional structures of silver nanoparticles and the average diameter was 98.78 nm. Biosynthesized AgNPs showed antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR) of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria ( S.aureus, S.pyogenes, E.coli, K.pneumoniae, E.aerogens ,S.typhi, A.baumannii, P.auroginosa and P.mirabilis) . All tested bacterial isolates revealed their ability to form biofilm in the form of biofilm using tube and Congo red method without treated by the nanoparticles except P.mirabils, A.boumanii and E.aerogenes ,but when treated with AgNPs this ability was prevented and removed in K.pneumoniae, Ps.auroginosa and C.neoformans The AgNPs at two concentration 1mg/ml and 2mg/ml bared their antioxidant capacity in vitro by scavenging DPPH free radicles, the largest inhibition titer found in the mixture of DPPH with biogenic AgNPs at concentration 2mg/ml (87.97). Keywords. Biosynthesis AgNPs, P. agglomerans , antibiofilm, Antimicrobial, antioxidant Activity,

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the present study is the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using probiotic, Saccharomyces boulardii and evaluating their biomedical activity. The biological method of nanoparticles synthesis acquires very important area due to their cost-effective and eco-friendly benefits over chemical and physical methods of synthesis. Methods: AgNPs were biosynthesized by adding silver nitrate (AgNO3) into cell free supernatant of S.boulardii at concentration (10 mM). Results: The PCR was accomplished to molecular identification of S.boulardii using specific primers for (CAG) microsatellite repeat at locus YLR177w, foreword primer (Boul 3) and reverse primer (Boul 4). Biosynthesis of AgNPs was firstly indicated by the colour alteration of reaction mixture from yellow into reddish brown. The characterization completed by XRD, SEM, EDS and AFM. The XRD presented the size of AgNPs was 19nm.The SEM was offered the shape was spherical and homogenous and the size was ranged between 63-100nm. The occurrence of elemental silver was analysed by EDS. The AFM displayed the three dimensional structure of silver nanoparticles and the average diameter was 97.44 nm. Biosynthesized AgNPs showed antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria(MDR) of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria (S.aureus, S.pyogenes, E.coli, K.pneumoniae, E.aerogens, S.typhi, A.baumannii, P.auroginosa and P.mirabilis). All tested bacterial isolates revealed their ability to form biofilm in the form of biofilm using tube and Congo red method without treated by the nanoparticles except P.mirabils, A.boumanii and E.aerogenes,but when treated with AgNPs this ability was prevented and removed in K.pneumoniae, Ps.auroginosa and C.neoformans. The AgNPs at two concentration 1mg/ml and 2mg/ml bared their antioxidant capacity in vitro by scavenging DPPH free radicles, the largest inhibition titer found in the mixture of DPPH with biogenic AgNPs and supernatant of S.boulardii at concentration 2mg/ml (87.43). KEYWORDS: Biosynthesis AgNPs, S.boulardii, Antibiofilm, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Activity.

ABSTRACT Dermatophytes are a group of closely related fungi that invade keratinized tissue (skin, hair and nails). In the present study, a molecular technique was designed to optimize the polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method targeting internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions in 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of fungi for rapid detection and identification of dermatophytes. A total of 216 specimens from skin, hair and/or nail were collected from 150 patients with dermatophytosis. Specimens were inoculated on Sabouraudʹs Dextrose Agar (SDA). A small portion of each fungal colony was further studied by RFLP analysis of the PCR-amplified ITS region of rDNA. PCR amplicons and were visualized by electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel after digestion by restriction enzymes including HinfI and HaeIII. Nine dermatophyte species including M. canis, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans, E. floccosum, T. rubrum, T. ajelloi, M. gypseum, M. audouinii and T. schoenleinii were identified based on the colony morphology and microscopic criteria. Specific PCR products and RFLP patterns allowed for the rapid identification and reliable differentiation at the genus or species level. Our results showed that this technique is a rapid and reliable tool which allows identification of major pathogenic dermatophytes isolated at the species level. Keywords: dermatophytes, PCR-RFLP, skin.

On the occasion of the birth of the moons of Muhammad, peace be upon them, in the month of Shaban, the Women’s Affairs Unit in the Faculty of Science, in cooperation with the Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance Unit, held the first student cultural festival over two days. The festival included several cultural events, including the third annual poetic cultural forum, which included poetic contributions and various student songs, while honoring distinguished students. The festival also included the holding of a student cultural exhibition, which included artistic paintings, handicrafts, and a display of types of popular food, various plants, and creative works of art. The festival also witnessed the holding of the first psychological counseling and educational guidance exhibition, which included various awareness posters.