محمد كاظم طالب الشباني

For the quantitative measurement of ganciclovir in pharmaceutical formulations, a straightforward, sensitive, and trustworthy spectrophotometric technique was created. Ganciclovir is oxidised with an excess of N-Bromo succinimide in acidic media, and the unreacted NBS is then determined using the methylene blue bleaching method at 610 nm. With a good correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9997), the decline in dye intensity exhibited a linear relationship with GCV content within the range of 1–35 μg/mL. With Sandell's sensitivity of 0.169 μg·cm⁻² and a molar absorptivity of 3.39 × 10³ L·mol⁻¹·cm⁻¹, the method demonstrated good sensitivity. Excellent recovery values (99–99.8%) and low %RSD (<1.2%) were confirmed by accuracy precision studies. The measurement was not affected by common excipients. For routine analysis of ganciclovir in pharmaceutical products, the suggested approach proved effective.

Nanomaterials have garnered significant scientific attention due to their unique physical, chemical, optical, and electronic properties, which often surpass those of their bulk counterparts. These properties have enabled a wide range of applications across various fields, including electronics, biomedical sciences, environmental technologies, and renewable energy systems. This study provides a comprehensive overview of nanomaterials, including their classification, structural properties, and extraction methods, as well as top-down and bottom-up fabrication approaches, with a particular focus on electronic synthesis methods. Furthermore, key characterisation techniques are discussed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic

A simple, sensitive, and reliable spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of topiramate in both pure form and pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method is based on the formation of a colored complex through the reaction of topiramate with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate (NQS) reagent in an alkaline medium. The resulting derivative exhibited a maximum absorbance at 527 nm, confirming a significant bathochromic shift from the native drug absorption at 270 nm. Experimental parameters affecting the reaction, including NQS concentration, reagent volume, and drug volume, were carefully optimised to achieve maximum sensitivity. Under the optimised conditions, a linear calibration curve was obtained over the concentration range of 10–200 μg mL⁻¹ with an excellent correlation coefficient (R² = 0.9964). Stoichiometric studies using Job’s continuous variation and mole-ratio methods revealed a 1:1 complex formation between topiramate and NQS. The method demonstrated high accuracy and precision, as indicated by low %RSD and satisfactory recovery values. Furthermore, the low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) confirm the high sensitivity of the proposed method. The developed spectrophotometric approach offers a rapid, cost-effective, and dependable alternative for routine quality control analysis of topiramate in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

dazolium salts were derived through methylimidazole with 2-chloro-N-(4-chlorophenyl) acetamide under certain conditions of temperature and certain solvents, to be synthesized silver complex from the reaction of substituted imidazolium salts with Ag2O using in situ deprotonation technique giving derived structures in good yield. To synthesis Pd(II)-NHC complexes using the transmetallation technique were used Ag(I)-NHC complexes as transfer reagents to prepare their respective. The free ligands and their complexes were characterized based on (FT-IR, Melting point, TLC, 1HNMR, 13C-NMR, high-resolution mass spectra and UV). The biological activity studies show , the antibacterial activity of (5) is the highest and showed good inhibition against the tested bacteria even more than the azithromycin. A moderate activity for the complex (3), low activity for the ligand (2) have been shown.