محمد كريم سعيد القريشي

Background: The hereditary state red blood cells are harmed by beta-thalassemia's poor hemoglobin (Hb) production. A reduced capacity to synthesis one or more globin chains is its defining feature. For patients with this illness to survive, multiple blood transfusions are necessary. Objective: to examine serum level of serum lipid profiles (Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL. Materials and Methods: forty-five patients with β-thalassemia major and forty-five healthy control groups were involved in the present study. Serum lipid profile level in addition to BMI and CRP for both patient and control groups were measured. Results: Serum TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and BMI revealed significant decreasing in patients with β-t halassemia major as comparing with healthy subjects. The findings of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and BMI which exhibited through this study are, (117.14 ± 14.22 vs 87.26 ± 11.85, P< 0.001), (25.09 ± 2.96 vs 32.15 ± 6.92, P< 0.001), (66.39 ± 14.83 vs 86.13 ± 19.57, P< 0.001) and (19.32 ± 3.26 vs 22.52 ± 3.61, P< 0.001) respectively. Serum level of TG, VLDL-C and CRP manifested significantly higher in patients than healthy subjects. Conclusion: In the current study, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and BMI revealed significant decreasing in patients with β-thalassemia major as comparing with healthy subjects while Serum level of TG, VLDL-C and CRP manifested significantly higher in patients than healthy subjects

Epigenetics has emerged as a key field for understanding the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental exposures in Human health. It is very unique because unlike with genetic mutations, epigenetics does not alter the genes themselves; rather it affects how the genes behave – whether they are turned on or off – offering us an amenable and reversible level of regulation. The induced alterations will act as molecular intermediaries of the gene-environment interactions that underlie susceptibility, course and phenotypic heterogeneity of complex human disorders. With increasing evidence suggesting that abnormal epigenetic changes are integrated into the development of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, autoimmune diseases and metabolic syndromes. Nutrition, toxins, stress, and social determinants are environmental factors able to cause long-lasting epigenetic changes that can alter disease risk during the lifetime and even transgenerationally. This review summarizes our present knowledge on the mechanistic landscape underlying the epigenetic regulation process and its relevance in disease progression, as well as the possible use of precision/precision-like epigenetic therapies in practice, outlining the prospects and challenges to translating this understanding to precision medicine. Diet, toxins, stress and sociodemographic factors are the environmental aspects capable of producing persistent epigenetic modifications leading to change in disease risk both acutely throughout lifespan as well as intergenerationally. This review provides a general overview of the current mechanistic landscape of epigenetic regulation and how it relates to disease pathogenesis, as well as potential for precision/precision-like epigenetic therapies in clinical medicine, focusing on opportunities and challenges to implementing this understanding in practice.

Background: There are many plant extracts and seeds with proven efficacy in the life sciences, some curative, some inhibitory, and some enhance, each with its own specific function and niche. In this study, we have compiled some sources from scientific websites concerned with life sciences and medical research across multiple scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar We have clarified the impact of grape seed activity on the fertility of albino mice, along with related events and details. Aim of study: The study's focus is on demonstrating the effect of grape seed activity on the fertility of albino female mice. Introduction: Since the beginning of human civilization, medicinal plants have always remained a part and parcel of human, society to combat and treat different diseases. Materials and Methods: This review article was conducted based on a structured literature search and data synthesis Approach in accordance with established academic standards for narrative and semi-systematic reviews. Result: Our research indicated to the effect of alcoholic extract of grape seeds on the extent of improvement in the efficiency of the functioning of the ovaries and uterus in female albino rats. Conclusion: We have concluded the effect of the alcoholic extract of grape seeds on the extent of improvement in the efficiency of the functioning of the ovaries and uterus in female albino rats. The results showed that there is a noticeable improvement in appearance and histology on the organs of the female reproductive system.

People use plants as a method of alternative medicine because they are safe and free from chemicals, cheap and easy to obtain from nature. Castor is one of the medicinal plants that has a wide range of medical properties to remedy many diseases such as asthma, diabetes and hair loss. It is a laxative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti- bacterial and fungi. It has properties to wound healing and furuncles. Ricinus communisused in many industries such as the soap and cosmetics also It is used in printer inks and lubricants. The aim of this article is to investigate the roles of Ricinus communis in wound healing.

The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an enzyme of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which catalyzes the conversion of some other angiotensin. ACE2 is widely expressed in different tissues. Many researchers reported many microRNAsinvolved in ACE2 expression, hsa-mir181a one of these microRNAs which involved in ACE2 expression. In this study, we develop a comparative method (miR-Explore) to demonstrate that clustering of vaccinated miRNAs hsa-mir-181a of gene ACE2- alters the sensitivity and specificity of the prediction method even when a simple direct alignment of the positional secondary structure is used. The basic idea of the current approach was to generate a predictive visualization of the miRNAs hsa-mir-181a consensus structure for each vaccinated and unvaccinated miRNAs hsa-mir-181a class and use this consensus structure to perform alignment with the query sequence A set of data was taken from premiRNA by extracting total RNA and converting it to cDNA, then reading the DNA sequence and following up the in situ secondary structure of these sequences by means of dedicated software programs and websites and comparing them with each other and with sequences available in the microRNA database website.

After the scourge of the coronavirus invaded almost all of the world, they were infected with this epidemic, and therefore this has caused changes and variations within the corridors of living cells, which have transgressed to some organs and even systems, which were not spared most of the vital pathways and the natural interdependence that regulates natural activities. Some studies also indicate that the family of The coronavirus reached its claws to the skin of genes and gene expression, thus opening the doors of genetics and molecular bio to study and investigate everything that this nano creature might affect. Which has been used by many vaccines that did not intercede to withdraw terror from those who hear the term Covid 19. This study sheds light on the effect of Covid 19 on the microRNA, which shows the extent of the disease's impact on this indicator that regulates gene expression, which consequently causes an imbalance in gene expression. we will review research that examined the relationship between covid19 and its effect on the micro RNA and findings of it.

Iraq Drug Guide 2024-2025 is a comprehensive pharmaceutical directory, serving as an essential reference for doc tors, dentists, pharmacists, and all those involved in providing health care for patient. The guide offers details about 572 medications endorsed by the National Committee for Drug Selection and registered with the Iraqi Ministry of Health. This introduction is crafted to assist professionals in effortlessly accessing pharmaceutical information and effectively utilizing the guide to find the medication details they are looking for

Using intelligent computer programs, the secondary structure and thermodynamic properties of hsa-mir-181a ACE2 were investigated in both vaccinated and unvaccinated samples, comparing them to the wild type. By utilizing the RNAalifold web server, a consensus structure of aligned micro-RNA sequences was predicted, along with the minimum free energy (MFE) and equilibrium base-pairing probabilities. The results showed a strong correlation between the secondary structure of hsa-mir-181a ACE2 and the vaccination status, with a higher MFE observed in the vaccinated group. This study proved a significant relationship between the secondary structure of hsa-mir-181a ACE2 and the selected class of vaccinated or unvaccinated. The value of (MFE) of the secondary structure of microRNA increased in vaccinated compared with unvaccinated, with a significant difference evident. Also, at the thermodynamic free energy (value) level, the vaccination was increased compared to the unvaccinated as the difference was clear and the relationship was achieved

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is characterized by multiple cases, and high rates of morbidity and mortality in individuals with predisposing risk factors. 1- to 50 people who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 are thought to have developed post-COVID-19 symptoms. Several studies have recently indicated new-onset diabetes associated with COVID-19. Preliminary observations suggest that new-onset diabetes (NOD) after COVID-19 infection is a miracle. Objectives: This study focuses on the chain of events that follow infection with COVID-19. It is investigates the effects of infection-related onset diabetes, known as newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD). Methodology: This Study included 100 cases of females and males. It was confirmed that all patients were actually infected with Covid-19, which were part of the current prospective experimental study they were divided in three groups, after testing positively by a rapid antigen test or rapid antibody test. During the three-month follow-up, the cases that developed NOPD and NODM as well as the threat factors related to them were evaluated. Results: The first group whose HbA1c levels were examined actually developed diabetes (NOD) as a result of their infection with COVID-19 disease, the second group indicated that they were in the early stage of diabetes (NOPD); Cases diagnosed with NODM had an HbA1c > 6.4. The HbA1c range of 5.7 to 6.4 was utilized to describe NOPD, whereas the third group that was infected with Covid-19 and after that did not develop any form of diabetes. Conclusion: A considerable proportion of initial non-diabetic cases experienced new-onset hyperglycemia following COVID-19 infection

Respiratory tract infections RTIs represent a major global health concern, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries LMICs. The increasing burden of antimicrobial resistance AMR has further complicated the management of RTIs, limiting available treatment options and increasing healthcare costs. Smoking has been widely recognized as a significant risk factor for RTIs, compromising pulmonary immune defenses and promoting chronic colonization by multidrug-resistant MDR pathogens. However, limited data exist on the interplay between smoking and AMR trends in Iraq, a country experiencing rising antibiotic resistance rates due to unregulated antibiotic use and healthcare disruptions.