محمد حسين عبد المعمار

Most countries around the world seek to add their historical city centres to the list ofWorld Heritage sites to make them attractive centres for tourism by focusing on studies andprojects that attract new events to meet the requirements of tourists to benefit from the financialreturn. On the other hand, the indigenous people in these centres suffer from a change in theirnormal lifestyle as a result of their transformation into tourist environments and uninhabitableplaces, and consequently, these centres lost a large part of their attractiveness and social identity,Hence the research problem, represented by: the loss of the historical centres of their vitality andsocial spirit as a result of the migration of its original inhabitants and they are leaving theirhomes. Accordingly, the aim of this research was determined to reach the most importantindicators of urban tourism that negatively affect the quality of life of the indigenous population.The Social, economic, environmental, cultural and urban impact on the lives of indigenouspeoples, For the purpose of achieving the goal of the research, previous studies were reviewedthat dealt with the relationship between urban tourism and the indigenous population in thecenters of historical cities and to reach the most important influential tourism indicators, whichwere represented by social, economic, environmental, cultural and urban indicators as mainindicators and a set of sub-indicators that involve them, and the application of these indicatorsto the city of Najaf The old city by conducting interviews with residents and making field visitsto the city ,and relying on some studies of the city , The most important results were that thefollowing indicators: (weak social relations, changing traditional ways of life, difficulty inobtaining daily needs, high land and real estate prices, pressure on infrastructure services, lossof heritage and historical buildings and lack of services and spaces allocated to the population)the influential role in the migration of the population The original inhabitants of the old city ofNajaf.

The holy city of Najaf is a shrine for Muslims from all over the world due to the presence of the Holy Shrine of Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib, the cousin of the Prophet Mohammed (PBUTh), and the Wadi Al-Salam, the Valley of Peace, cemetery, which includes shrines to many Prophets, righteous people, scholars and righteous martyrs. The Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (PBUH) is the most prominent monument, being the factor around which the urban fabric of the city was formed and established. The form of the cemetery has thus developed with the urban fabric of the city, and it includes many religious monuments that attract thousands of visitors and pilgrims from both within and outside of Iraq. Due to this cumulative growth of the cemetery and the irregularity of its axes of movement, the movement of visitors inside the cemetery has produced several design, planning, and security challenges as it has begun to affect the urban fabric of the city and the cemetery itself. Movement and visual interconnections between vital monuments of the religious figures have thus been restricted by the fabric of the Wadi al-Salam Cemetery at both micro and macro levels, generating the current research problem. Accordingly, this research aims to set to explore the possibility of restructuring the movement system of the Wadi Al-Salam Cemetery based on its monuments. The research assumes that the texture of the cemetery can resemble the fabric of the city in terms of adopting the presence of religious monuments to structure spaces. Consequently, the importance of monuments in terms of defining systems of pedestrian and vehicle movement within the fabric of the city was studied to determine the list of indicators classifying the possibilities provided by such monuments according to their historical and religious significance. With regard of the cemetery, several monuments of historical, religious, and contextual significance were then chosen as key points in the restructuring of the local movement systems. The overall research conclusion is that it is important to reconnect these monuments by developing an organic network of movement in order to preserve the graveyards and the historical fabric of the cemetery.

The holy city of Najaf is a shrine for Muslims from all over the world due to the presence of the Holy Shrine of Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib, the cousin of the Prophet Mohammed (PBUTh), and the Wadi Al-Salam, the Valley of Peace, cemetery, which includes shrines to many Prophets, righteous people, scholars and righteous martyrs. The Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (PBUH) is the most prominent monument, being the factor around which the urban fabric of the city was formed and established. The form of the cemetery has thus developed with the urban fabric of the city, and it includes many religious monuments that attract thousands of visitors and pilgrims from both within and outside of Iraq. Due to this cumulative growth of the cemetery and the irregularity of its axes of movement, the movement of visitors inside the cemetery has produced several design, planning, and security challenges as it has begun to affect the urban fabric of the city and the cemetery itself. Movement and visual interconnections between vital monuments of the religious figures have thus been restricted by the fabric of the Wadi al-Salam Cemetery at both micro and macro levels, generating the current research problem. Accordingly, this research aims to set to explore the possibility of restructuring the movement system of the Wadi Al-Salam Cemetery based on its monuments. The research assumes that the texture of the cemetery can resemble the fabric of the city in terms of adopting the presence of religious monuments to structure spaces. Consequently, the importance of monuments in terms of defining systems of pedestrian and vehicle movement within the fabric of the city was studied to determine the list of indicators classifying the possibilities provided by such monuments according to their historical and religious significance. With regard of the cemetery, several monuments of historical, religious, and contextual significance were then chosen as key points in the restructuring of the local movement systems. The overall research conclusion is that it is important to reconnect these monuments by developing an organic network of movement in order to preserve the graveyards and the historical fabric of the cemetery.

تمت المشاركة مع فريق من مديرية التخطيط العمراني في محافظة النجف الاشرف لاعداد المخطط الاساس لمدينة الرضوية لغرض استحداثها كناحية جديدة تابعة لقضاء النجف الاشرف في العام 2019.

تمت المشاركة مع شركة الشهيد بهشتي المعمارية لغرض تطوير محيط العتبة العلوية المقدسة وبمسافة 90 متر حول المرقد وهو من مشاريع التجديد الحضري التي تمت المباشرة بتنفيذها.