مؤيد عبد الحسن محمد علي البوزاهد

low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). LDPE and HDPE were prepared using an injection machine process at temperatures (170-190 C), and the rotating speed of the injection screw is 50 rpm. The samples were exposed to moisture and ultraviolet (UV) environment. The UV samples were exposed to different exposure times (0- 60-90-120 hours) using a UV lamp device. The moisture samples are exposed to humidity

he research covered most of the recent scientific research related to strengthening the natural rubber and improving its physical properties. The swelling properties played a substantial role in decreasing the efficiency of the elastomer compounds as a result of immersing or contacting these compounds with organic solvents. Using nanoparticles for inorganic fillings is absolutely essential with a view to expanding the industrial applications of natural rubber Nano-composites. The research covered the latest methods

he current study focuses on the effect of addition graphite filler on mechanical properties of epoxy material. The tensile and bending samples preparation of pure epoxy samples and epoxy with graphite powder with different weight ratio (0.15%, 1%, 2% wt) using ultrasonic dispersion device. The results showed the tensile stress and bending resistance were improved at (0.15% wt) and decreased at (1%, 2% wt), the decrease in tensile strength and bending resistance may be use of less time or low ultrasonic energy.

This work aims to study the effect of hard segments (HS) content on the thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of polyurethane polymers based on 1.5 pentanediol chain extenders. Design/methodology/approach: Two comparable series of polyurethanes were synthesised including homo-polyurethane (Homo-PU) and copolyurethane (Co-PU). The Homo-PU consists of 100% wt. of hard segments (HS). The Co-PU composes of 30% wt. of soft segments (SS) using a poly (ethylene glycol)

The Rigid Copolymer Polyurethanes (RCPUs) as nanocomposites were synthesized by in-situ polymerization (ISP), melt compounding (MC), and solution mixing (SM) with wide range of weight ratios of graphite nanoplatelets (GNP). The blending process was utilized to obtain well- dispersed of GNP and thus strong interaction, leading to an effective performance of the RCPU/GNP nanocomposites. The structure of RCPU/GNP nanocomposites was studied using FTIR test. The thermal stability of RCPU nanocomposites was seen by TGA analysis, showing an increase with addition of GNP nanofillers. Rheology analysis revealed network formation with well-dispersed GNP regarding different dispersion approaches. Thermal and electrical tests were also conducted, approving that dispersion and interaction of GNP can play a crucial role for enhancing the thermal and electrical properties. Such a significant improvement in RCPU matrix performance could lead to the use of this material for different application.

This study focuses on a new fabrication of nanocomposite based on Polyurethane Copolymer (PUC) intercalated with organo-modified montmorillonite nanoparticles (OMMT), via an efficient combination of solution mixing and melt blending processes. The combination of solution mixing and melt interaction processes produced PUC/OMMT nanocomposites with enhanced properties. The OMMT filled PUC was characterised by TEM and tensile test. The effect of thermal treatment process was also studied due to subsequent microphase separation of PUC resulting from microdomain miscibility. TEM observation recognised a decent dispersion state of OMMT within PUC, owing to their exfoliated and intercalated structure. This morphology was greatly influenced by induced thermal treatment. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) revealed that storage modulus and glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites increased with OMMT incorporation. The tensile modulus and tensile strength of nanocomposites showed an improvement with the addition of OMMT.

Titanium (Ti) is widely applied for biomedical implants owing to its exceptional properties such as biocompatibility, corrosion behavior and wear resistance. However, these implants may undergo from some unfavorable results coming from the lack of their surface properties. Therefore, the development of required surface properties of Ti implants is an important issue. In particular, Ti dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (NTs) have displayed auspicious features to modulate the biological responses of Ti. In this study, the anodization process was carried out onto the surface of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) substrate in an electrolyte contains a 0.8M NaF in 1M H3PO4 at constant applied voltage of 10 V for 30, 90, and 150 min. The structure and morphology , topography, along with adhesion strength of both nonanodized and anodized Ti samples have been investigated

his work attempts to study the effects of the addition of graphene nanoplatelets (xGNP) on the rheology properties of new version of polyurethane copolymer with 1, 5 pentane diol as chain extender, containing a high amount of hard blocks. Two-step polymerisation was employed to synthesise this kind of polymer. The thermal and electrical conductivity of this copolymer was also investigated. Meanwhile, the rheology response has been analysed by measuring the viscosity It was found that the viscosity increases by 68% and 2× 10 5% at

This paper attempts to show that, the ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) activated by adding different loading levels of zinc oxide (ZnO). A two-roll mill used to mix and distribute the elements of the rubber compound. MV-ODR-PROPERTIES rheometer employed to determine the properties of the rubber compound at 180 °C for 6 min . The curing process carried out using the hot press at a temperature of 180°C and pressure of 10 bars. Results show that the addition of the (2,4,6,8,10) Part per hundred parts of rubber (phr) ZnO into the EPDM elastomer guides to reduce the scorch time ,curing time with increasing the Max. Torque and cure rate index (CRI), particularly at 2 and 4 phr. Furthermore, an improvement in the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity at 300% elongation, hardness and compression set seen. 2 and 4 phr represent the best loading level of the ZnO, which had more effect on the aging and mechanical properties. In addition, the rubber compound becomes more stiffness, especially when the retention percentage of the properties after thermal aging is low.

This research tries to study the using of rice husk (RH) as a filler with rubber compound based on Natural rubber (NR) that was prepared using an mixing mill about 80 ̊C and 50 rpm with different weight fraction (part per hundred Rubber) as (0-5-15-25pphr)with particle size between (250-500) µm , the results show the tensile strength and viscosity decreased with RH loadings in the matrix, while the tensile modulus and hardness showed an opposite trend. The weak filler -matrix interaction, resulting in poor filler dispersion and large agglomerated particles size, caused those properties to decrease. However, some mechanical properties of the rubber compound can be slightly improved with the addition of (RH) into the matrix while other properties decrease weather the overall rheology properties for all samples almost being little change

trength and Durability of fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRP) are controlled by the durability of their constituents: reinforcement fibers, resin matrices, and the status of interfaces. A great deal of research has been focused on the relationship of fibers with matrix, on the other hand, the diameter of the fiber and properties of fiber-matrix composites. The present investigation aims to study the effects of adding steel woven fibers to polymer (polyethylene) on some mechanical properties for resulting composite materials.

The present work investigates the combined effect of the addition of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to the thermoplastic polyurethane copolymer (TPU) and thermal treatment evaluation of the resultant TPU/GNP nanocomposite. Thus, this factor can be evaluated through a variety of dynamic mechanical and thermal measurements. The TPUs as nanocomposites were synthesised by three different approaches of mixing (in situ polymerisation melt compounding and solution mixing) with different weight ratios. Various dispersion processes were employed to obtain better dispersed GNP and thus strong interaction, leading to an effective performance of the TPU/GNP system. X-Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy tests displayed the inter-spacing planar quality of GNP nanofillers. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the storage modulus (Eʹ) of TPU nanocomposites how a significant performance particularly at 20 wt.%, 10 wt.% and 5 wt.% of GNP for in situ polymerisation melt compounding and solution mixing, respectively. The microphaseseparated structure of TPU nanocomposite samples after thermal treatment (at 80 °C for 4 days) was investigated from for all dispersion methods. Consequently, the overall TPU crystallinity decreased after thermal treatment compared with untreated samples, presuming an ordering suppression of hard segments that involved with GNP. Dispersion and interaction of GNP can play a crucial role in enhancing the thermal and mechanical properties, and thus, a significant improvement for TPU nanocomposites. The tensile test showed significant enhancement with GNP incorporation before thermal treatment. On the contrary, a deterioration in tensile modulus and tensile strength resulted from thermal treatment. A modified Halpin–Tsai model was utilised to predict the mismatch between the empirical and theoretical results. It found a clear diversity in modulus of TPU/GNP samples, in particular at greater GNP content.